Mixture Of Saturated Hydrocarbons Research Articles

On the solubility parameter of polar polymers

AbstractThe binary cluster integral, β, was computed from intrinsic viscosity data. Subtracting from β the polar contribution, βe, calculated from YRCR theory,9 the nonpolar interaction parameter, βn, was found. The calculations were performed for poly(vinylacetate) and poly(methyl methacrylate), each in 16 solvents. The correlation between βn and the solvent solubility parameter, δ1, was found to be similar to that reported8,17 for solutions of natural rubber, cis‐polybutadiene and for poly(vinyl chloride). This correlation can be crudely approximated by the formula where E and F are functions of the ill‐defined symmetry of the solvent molecule and δm is the δ1 value for the local maximum of the function. At δ1 = constant, the more spherical is the molecule, the higher is the βn value. It was shown that for most cases separation of the solvent into two classes (linear and nonlinear) is sufficient. This βn behavior finds support in the Funk and Prausnitz6 report on aromatic–saturated hydrocarbon mixtures and in the theoretical calculations of Huggins.21,22

Induction of plasma cell tumours in BALB-c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane).

THE induction of monoclonal, plasma cell tumours which produce immunoglobulin in the inbred BALB/c strain of mice is a unique form of carcinogenesis1,2. Mouse plasma cell tumours have been produced by intraperitoneal implantation of solid materials, such as plastic diffusion chambers, polymethylmethacrylate plastic shavings3,4 and circular disks4, and by intraperitoneal injection of various high and low viscosity white mineral oils1,2,5. White mineral oils comprise a poorly defined mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, including normal and iso-paraffins, and naphthenes6, and such oils contain many hundreds of different molecular species (C. Steenbergen, personal communication). Because of the chemical heterogeneity of the oils used, it has been impossible to identify or trace the particular chemical species involved in plasma cell tumour induction. Since the discovery that the immunoglobulin products of some human Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemias7, multiple myelomas8 and some mouse plasma cell tumours2,9,10 exhibit antibody activity, it has become important to elucidate more fully the factors involved in the carcinogenesis of the murine plasma cell tumours.

CHARGE TRANSFER IN THE RADIOLYSIS OF BINARY HYDROCARBON MIXTURES

The radiolysis of dilute solutions of ethane-dε, propane-d8, and n-butane-d10 in liquid hydrocarbons at 195 °K results in the production of D2 and HD in amounts which are determined by the relative ionization potentials of solvent and solute. Solvents of higher ionization potential enhance the production of D2 and HD from deuterated solutes of lower ionization potential. When the ionization potentials are in the reverse order the yields are diminished. This solute–solvent interaction, which is ionic in nature, is a general phenomenon in the radiolysis of mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons in the liquid phase and is consistent with charge transfer between solvent and solute.

CHARGE TRANSFER IN THE RADIOLYSIS OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS. I. EVIDENCE FROM HYDROGEN GAS YIELDS

Hydrogen gas yields from the radiolysis of mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons do not necessartly follow a law of averages (G/sub H2/ = SIGMA electron fraction x G/sub H2(0)/), but may be greater or smaller than the predicted value. This effect is believed to result from a charge exchange occurring on collision between the parent positive ion and a neighboring molecule of lower ionization potential. Subsequent charge neutralization results in the decomposition of a different molecule than that which absorbed energy. Not all molecules which can decompose can transfer energy in this fashion; those which cannot transfer energy are considered to be electronically excited. On the assumption that charge transfer occurs during the inteval between ionization and charge neutralization, it can be determined that the lifelime of the charge pair is about 4 x 10/sup -13/ sec in alkane solvents. (auth)

Catalytic hydrocondensation of carbon monoxide with olefins Communication 19. Hydrocondensation of carbon monoxide with 2-pentene. Interconversion of 2- and 1-pentenes under the conditions of this reaction

1. In presence of H2 and CO 2-pentene enters to the extent of 13–14% into reactions of hydropolymerization and hydrocondensation with CO at 190°. Simultaneously, hydrogenation to pentane occurs to the extent of 17–18% and hydrocracking to the extent of about 3%. 2. When hydrogenated, the hydrocondensate is found to consist of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, mainly of normal structure. This indicates that the hydrocondensation of 2-pentene with CO is largely preceded by its isomerization to 1-pentene.

The connection between the specific refraction, the dispersion and the structure of saturated hydrocarbon mixtures

The method of determining the number of rings in saturated hydrocarbon mixtures with sufficient accuracy from the specific refraction and the dispersion was indicated. With this method the molecular weight of the mixture need not be known.

The separation of long‐chain and compact molecules by adsorption

AbstractBinary mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons (paraffins and naphthenes), dissolved in pentane, were passed through large quantities of earth.Extremely good separations were obtained, the long‐chain molecules being the most retained by the earth.