Mixture Of Peat Research Articles

First Report of Marasmiellus palmivorus Causing Post-Emergence Damping Off on Coconut Seedlings in Malaysia.

In April and June 2010, coconut seedlings with symptoms of very slow growth, yellowing of leaves, and general abnormal leaf growth were observed in germination beds in Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia. The roots were soft, rotten, and brown, extending upward and downward from these lesions. Rhizomorphs and basidiocarps were produced on coconut seeds near the germination eye and identified as Marasmiellus palmivorus according description by Turner (2). Three isolates were obtained by plating surface sterilized symptomatic roots and basidiocarp on malt extract agar (MEA) amended with 85% lactic acid (1 ml added to 11 of the medium). To confirm the identity of the fungus, genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia and basidiocarps of isolates and the large subunit (LSU) region was amplified and sequenced using LR0R/LR7 primers (3). All isolates had identical LSU sequences (GenBank Accession No. JQ654233 to JQ654235). Sequences were identical to each other and 99% similar to a M. palmivorus sequence deposited in the NCBI database (Accession No. AY639434).To confirm pathogenicity, three isolates of M. palmivorus that were obtained from symptomatic plant tissue was inoculated onto seeds of Malaysian Red Dwarf variety. Each isolate was grown in 100 ml of malt extract broth in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated at 27 ± 2°C for 5 days on an orbital shaker (125 rpm). The resulting culture was passed through two layers of sterile cloth. Mycelial suspension was obtained by blending mycelia in 100 ml of sterile water. Seeds were sterilized by soaking in 10% v/v sodium hypochlorite in distilled water for 3 min. The seeds were then rinsed three times over running tap water. The calyx portion of the seed was removed and five holes were made around the germination eye. The seeds were inoculated by injecting 2 ml of suspension into each hole. The control seeds were inoculated with sterile distilled water only. The seeds were transferred to 40-cm diameter plastic pots containing a mixture of sand, soil, and peat in the ratio of 3:2:1, respectively, and steam treated at 100°C for 1.5 h. Pots were placed in the glasshouse with normal exposures to day-night cycles, temperatures of 29 ± 4°C, and high relative humidity (85 to 95%) achieved by spraying water twice daily. After 2 months, 75% of the inoculated seeds failed to germinate. It was speculated that the artificial inoculum was higher than under germination bed conditions. Rhizomorphs and basidiocarps were produced on husk seeds near the germination eye. Seedlings that emerged successfully developed symptoms similar to those observed in the germination bed. No symptoms developed in the noninoculated seeds and seedlings. At 80 days post inoculation, basidiocarps were observed emerging from three diseased seedlings near the germination eye. Three reisolations were made on MEA from root lesions surface sterilized. Pathogenicity tests and LSU sequence analyses indicated that M. palmivorus is the causal agent of the symptoms observed on coconut seedlings. M. palmivorus was first recorded on coconuts and oil palm in the 1920s (1) and attacks the fruit and the petiole on oil palm (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. palmivorus causing post-emergence damping off on coconut seedlings.

In vitro micropropagation of Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast: An important indoor ornamental plant

A protocol has been developed for in vitro plant regeneration from a nodal explant of Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast. Nodal explant showed high callus induction potentiality on MS medium supplemented with 6.78μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) followed by 46.5μM chlorophenoxy acetic acid (CPA). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (85%) and number of shoots per explant (5.6) were obtained on medium supplemented with 7.84μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Rooting was high on MS solid compared to liquid medium when added with 7.38μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Fifty percent of the roots were also directly rooted as microcuttings on soil rite, sand and peat mixture (1:1:1). In vitro and ex vitro raised plantlets were used for acclimatization. More than 90% of the plantlets was successfully acclimatized and established in plastic pots. Ex vitro transferred plantlets were normal without any phenotypic aberrations.

The effect of spent mushroom compost on Lecanicillium fungicola in vivo and in vitro

Leached spent mushroom compost (SMC) and its extract were tested to suppress Lecanicillium fungicola in white button mushroom. Sterile and non-sterile mixture of SMC and peat were used to assess suppressiveness against L. fungicola in greenhouse experiments. The extract of SMC was prepared with sterile, non-sterile, filtered, supplied with nystatin, streptomycin and penicillin antibiotics to evaluate their effect in suppression of pathogen in vitro. Isolated bacteria from SMC extract were tested for antagonism rate against Lecanicillium fungicola. The results of the experiments showed that all applications rate of none-sterile SMC were effective in control of pathogen. However, the sterile SMC amendments did not have a positive effect on the pathogen suppression in vitro or in vivo, as was expected. The treatments amended with SMC 100% and 60% showed the most suppressive effect in the control of pathogen. Using of non-sterile SMC 20%, 40%, 60% and peat soil were most effective in mushroom yield. The extract of leached SMC showed inhibition of L. fungicola in petri dishes. Three bacteria isolated from extract, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefacien identified using 16s rRNA, showed an antagonistic effect with the fungal growth.

The Relations Between Phenylalanine–Ammonia Lyase, Glutathione-s-Transferase Activities and the Concentrations of Total Tannins, Phytochelatins, Glutathione, and Peroxidation in two Cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Exposed to Aluminum

This article reports on the realtions between the activities of enzymes, such as phenylalanine–ammonia lyase (PAL) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and the concentrations of total tannins, total glutathione (TGSH), total phytochelatins (TPC), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in leaves and roots of sorghum cultivars 132 and 552 that are exposed to four concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg l−1) of AlCl3 in a mixture of river sand and peat. The Al3+ significantly increased the level of tannins, TGSH, and TPC in the roots and leaves of both cultivars. In the roots of both cultivars, the production of TPC was significantly coupled to decrease in the total TGSH. The concentration of TGSH in the leaves of cultivar 132 was found to be higher than in those of cultivar 552. In the plants treated with 10, 20, and 30 mg l−1 Al3+, the PAL activities in leaves of both cultivars increased (by 73, 44, and 18 %, respectively), the TGSH in the roots of cultivar 552 declined (by 50, 45, and 23 %, respectively), the GST activities in the leaves of both cultivars were higher (90, 98, and 100 %, respectively) than those of the control plants. Al3+ also enhanced levels of MDA in the leaves and roots. These results suggested that the increase in PAL and GST activities might be controlled by antioxidant potentials and different routes of carbon channeling in the leaves. In cultivar 552, antioxidant compounds such as TPC and TGSH with rapid turnover and high accumulation were more effective than tannins for leaves because tannin was low. In cultivar 132, the amount of tannins was high and stable; therefore they do not need high accumulation of TPC in leaves. The depletion of TGSH can be ascribed to the Al3+-induced TPC synthesis in the leaves and roots of cultivar 552. The syntheses of TPC and MDA can be related to changes in TGSH and tannins, suggesting that TGSH and tannins are normally involved in Al3+ sequestration under conditions of subtoxic exposure. The increased TPC in the roots could provide an effective means of restricting Al3+ to these organs by chelating. In cultivar 552, TGSH contents may have been consumed for two strategies: the maintenance of regular redox potential, and the precursor for TPC.

Distinctive features of burning of a solid biofuel in a cyclone-bed furnace

A study has been made of the distinctive features of burning of a solid biofuel (wood, peat) in a cyclone-bed furnace. The limiting values of the moisture of wood chips as received and of the mass content of milled peat in the chip-milled peat mixture, at which the regime of its combustion is unstable, have been found. The tem- perature, velocity, and pressure distribution in the indicated furnace have been established. The dependences of the concentration of carbon and nitrogen monoxides on the excess air in exhaust gases in burning lump wood and crushed peat briquettes have been established. tangential blowing, excess air, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, temperature in the furnace, moisture of the fuel as received. Introduction. It is critical at present to improve the efficiency of furnace facilities designed for burning of fuels of biological origin such as wood and peat. These fuels are low-grade and generally have a high moisture con- tent and a comparatively low heat of combustion. The polyfractional composition varying in the process of operation and qualitative characteristics of this substandard fuel require special furnace facilities. For efficient burning of the in- dicated fuel, it is promising to use the so-called cyclone-bed furnaces, in which bed burning of a solid fuel is com- bined with the swirling-type afterburning of fines and gaseous fuel products in the superbed space (1, 2). This makes it possible to realize the furnace process with a higher thermal stress of the furnace volume, to improve the quality of burnout, and to raise the unit's efficiency by reducing excess air. Experimental Setup. The experimental setup for studying the burning of a solid biofuel represents an air- heater boiler equipped with a cyclone-bed furnace. The double furnace (Fig. 1) consists a cyclone-bed combustion chamber and an afterburner section separated by a constriction. Primary air is injected under a gas-distributing grate (bottom (undergrate) blowing); secondary air is injected tangentially (tangential blowing) via two rows of diametrically opposed holes on the cylindrical wall of the combustion chamber (12 holes of diameter d in = 7 mm). Combustion products from the afterburner section are removed to a gas-tube heat exchanger. The heating surfaces are cooled with air. To intensify heat transfer through the wall of the afterburner section there is "active heat insulation" around the latter; one basic element of the active heat insulation is a granular-material bed (3). As the fuel we used lump wood of length about 30 mm, 5 × 15 × 25 mm chips, milled peat of length 7-10 mm, and crushed peat briquettes of 15-25 mm in length; the moisture of the fuel as received did not exceed 60%. The fuel was charged to the gas-distributing grate in batches at intervals of 20 to 120 s. We carried out the experi- ments at different constriction diameters: d out ⁄ D = 0.3-0.5. Regimes of blowing-air feed that ensured the shares of bottom blowing ϕ = 0.3 and 0.5 were used. Heat release in the furnace was determined from the rate of flow of the fuel whose low heat value was Q low = 2467 kcal/kg for the wood fuel (lump wood, chips with W r = 40%), Q low = 1925 kcal/kg for the milled peat with W r = 45%, and Q low = 3392 kcal/kg for the crushed peat briquettes with W r = 11.3%. Fuels and mixtures of another (higher) moisture content were prepared from the indicated wood fuel and milled peat by moisturizing them to required values. The low heat value of the fuel was recalculated with a correction for its actual moisture content in accordance with (4, 5); the flow rate of the fuel corresponding to its moisture as re-

Study on N-fixing biofertilizer production with dry sludge from wastewater treatment process of Vietnam brewery limited

The wastewater treatment processes of Vietnam Brewery Limited (VBL) generated about 6 ton/day dry sludge which it contains 1.86% total Nitrogen, 7.17% total phosphor, 0.108% Kali, 856.89 mg kg-1 Zn, 89.60 mg kg-1 Cu, 43.20 mg kg-1 Ni, 8.88 mg kg-1 Pb, 93.55 mg kg-1 Mn, 2.99 mg kg-1 Co, 2,800 mg kg-1 Fe, 200.46 mg kg-1 Cr.... This dry sludge can be used as a raw material to produce N-fixing biofertilizer is considered as a new alternative for recycling. Bacterial species: Rhizobium sp.: RH1, RH2, RH3, RH4 and Azotobacter sp. had been inoculated with the mixture of dry sludge and peat (3:1), Ao = 45%, pH = 7, room temperature, 40 ml/100g broth culture. The results showed that the cell count reached 2.37 × 109 cfu g-1, 2.9 × 109 cfu g-1, 3.65 × 109 cfu g-1, 2.77 × 109 cfu g-1, 6.18 × 109 cfu g-1, respectively. The quantity of cells per gram of inoculants in this experiment was lower in dry sludges than in peat based carrier. These new practices contribute in reducing the pollution load. Consequently, this can decrease the cost of sludge disposal and the cost of N-fixing biofertilizer production.

Enhancing the Conversion of Organic Waste into Biofertilizer with Thermophilic Bacteria

Three bacterial species, namely, Bacillus licheniformis, Gordonia terrae, and Virgibacillus halophilus, were isolated from a composting aquaculture waste mixture (condensed molasses fermentation solubles and rice bran) bulked with sawdust. All isolates were thermophilic bacteria with cellulase activity. Inoculation of the compost pile with the isolated bacteria shortened the composting time by one third compared with the uninoculated condition. The quality of the compost product was assessed based on the germination percentage of Chinese cabbage (Brassica paruchinensis) in different combinations of mature compost and peat. The highest germination percentage, 99%, was obtained in the 25% compost/75% peat mixture. These results suggest that the fast conversion of aquaculture food wastes into biofertilizer by means of inoculation with thermophilic bacteria is a potential technological approach for facilitating the recycling of natural resources and reducing the impact of untreated organic waste on the environment.

Efficacy of sludge and manure compost amendments against Fusarium wilt of cucumber

Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases and can result in serious economic loss. No efficient fungicide is currently available to control the disease. The aim of this study was to examine the disease suppression ability of pig manure and sludge composts in peat-based container media and explore the possible disease suppression mechanisms. Pig manure and sewage sludge compost were made in laboratory-scale tanks. Plant growth media were formulated with peat mixture and compost (or 60°C heated compost) in a 4:1 ratio (v/v). Cucumber seedlings were artificially inoculated with F. oxysporum conidia (5 × 10(5) conidia mL(-1)) by the root-dip method. Cucumber Fusarium wilt was effectively suppressed in sludge compost-amended media, while the disease suppression effect of pig manure compost was limited. The ammonia levels in the manure compost-amended media were significantly higher than those of sludge compost-amended media, which could explain its lower disease suppression ability. Heated composts behaved similarly with respect to disease suppression. Adding composts increased microbial biomass, microbial activity, and the microbial diversity of the growth media. PCR-DGGE results indicated that the fungal community had a significant correlation to the disease severity. The artificially inoculated pathogen was retrieved in all treatments and one possible biocontrol agent was identified as a strain of F. oxysporum by phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that the sludge compost used in this study could be applied as a method for biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt.

Pot-in-pot Reduces Salinity, Chloride Uptake, and Maintains Aesthetic Value in Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Under Saline Irrigation

The appropriate management of crop conditions can reduce the salt damage suffered by ornamental species and produce high-quality plants even when saline irrigation water is used. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pot-in-pot (PIP) cultivation system can improve the saline irrigation tolerance of Euonymus japonicus compared with aboveground potting (AGP) in terms of growth and development, aesthetic quality, ion accumulation, and leaf potentials. A 5-month experiment started on 6 Mar., and the interaction between the cultivation system (PIP or AGP) and water quality (fresh water and saline water, with 1.76 and 9.04 dS·m−1, respectively) was assessed. The substrate used was a mixture of white peat, coconut fiber, and perlite (40/40/20, v/v/v). A soil moisture sensor-controlled system was used to irrigate all the treatments when the AGP treatment irrigated with fresh water reached a volume water content (θ) of 0.33–0.35 m3·m−3. An interaction effect reduced the salinity effects in PIP and saline irrigation (PIP-s) compared with AGP and saline irrigation (AGP-s) in terms of damaged leaf area, plant dry weight (DW), and the compactness index. The PIP-s plants showed a survival rate of 93% compared with 57% in AGP-s. The substrate temperatures were milder in PIP regardless of the irrigation water, and the pore water electrical conductivity (EC) was 36% lower in PIP-s than in AGP-s. PIP reduced the Cl− accumulated in leaves but did not influence Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, or the K+/Na+ ratio. The lower amount of Cl− accumulated increased leaf water potential (Ψo) in PIP. Saline irrigation produced a general accumulation of Cl− and Na+ in leaves and decreased Ca2+, Mg2+, the K+/Na+ ratio, Ψo, the shoot to root ratio, and height. In general, PIP reduced the salinity damage to Euonymus japonicus, the main effect being the lower Cl− ion uptake, which improved its aesthetic value (less damage and greater compactness and growth).

Evaluation Of Composted Insect Rearing Waste As A Potting Substrate For Radish, Squash And Green Bean

A study was initiated to determine the potential for composted solid and semi-solid insect rearing waste as a growth substrate for plants. The substrate consisted of fruit fly colony waste (CW) prepared by washing an agar-based larval diet through a vermiculite pupation substrate, which was then composted for six weeks prior to use. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown in either a commercial potting mixture or blends of colony waste (CW) and equal parts compost plus peat (CP). Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was grown in different ratios of CW:sand (S) mixtures. Mixes of 80:20 and 100:0 CW:CP had radish germination rates equal to the commercial mix. Radish shoot dry weights from 80, 60 and 40% CW were higher than those from the commercial mix. Squash grown in 20% CW had the highest shoot and root dry weights. No substance in the CW appeared to be detrimental to plant growth. Composted insect rearing waste is a material rich in nutrients and suitable for inclusion in a potting mixture. A mixture of peat and 30-70% CW resulted in plant performance greater than or equal to that observed with a commercial mix.

Effects of drought and salt stresses on growth, stomatal conductance, leaf water and osmotic potentials of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.)

Drought and salt stress is the major constrains to crop productivity. However, resistant genotypes improve their physiological mechanisms to cope with these stresses. In this study, we have investigated the influences of drought and salt stress on dry weight, leaf osmotic potential, leaf water potential, leaf temperature and stomatal conductance in sensitive and resistant melon genotypes. Four melon genotypes (sensitive, CU 40 and CU 252; resistant CU 196 and CU 159) were grown in a mixture of peat:perlite of 2:1 ratio in growth chamber. Salt and drought stresses were observed in 30 days old melon plants. In order to perform salinity stress, 200 mM NaCI was used. The drought stress was achieved by decreasing irrigation water gradually and finally irrigation was completely stopped. The plants were subjected to the salt and drought stresses for 12 days. At the end of the experiment; shoot dry weight, osmotic potential, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance were lower in salt and drought-sensitive genotypes (CU 40 and CU 252) than the resistant ones (CU 159 and CU 196). The leaf temperature was increased under stress conditions in melon genotypes. The results showed that resistant melon genotypes have more efficient stress protection mechanisms to survive under salinity and drought conditions.

Study on optimization of moisture retention for golf green rootzone soil mixtures

Most golf course green have been constructed with pure sand or sand-based rootzone mixes. As we know, high sand content provides rapid drainage despite sand’s inefficiency in retaining moisture. However, drainage capability and water retention are both essential elements to the golf course green, and the addition of peat could increase the soil moisture retention, therefore, the research on the drainage capability and water retention of the sandy golf green has become more and more important these years. In this study, extreme vertex design was applied which is one of the mixture experiment designs widely used in mixture experiments, the study investigated the effects of the thirteen different rootzone soil mixtures using middle-coarse, fine sand, very fine sand plus silt and clay as well as peat as the materials under three kinds of golf green profile (1-layer profile, 2-layer profile, 3-layer profile) conditions on the water retention of green rootzone. Through the qualitative, quantitative and optimization analysis of water retention capability of the sandy golf green, evidence a basis for choice of green profiles and rootzone matrix could be provided. And the significantly correlative regression model was established between the moisture retention and components of rootzone soil mixture. In addition, the order of factor contribution ratio, effect of single and double factor and optimization of the model were analyzed in detail. The results were as follows: both green profile and soil mixture, which had interaction of each other, had significant effects on soil moisture retention. Additional attributes include high porosity and greater water holding capacity than sand, and the higher content of peat, fine sand plus silt and clay, the better water retention. The mixtures had much higher water content in 1-layer profile than that in the other two profiles. There was significantly higher water content in 2-layer profile for pure sand mixtures (A–E) and low peat mixture (F) than that in 3-layer profile, while there was no higher water content for other 7 high peat mixtures (G–M) (>5%) in 2-layer than that in 3-layer profiles. The significance of key factors in rootzone soil mixture on moisture retention were: very fine sand plus silt and clay > peat > middle-coarse > fine sand. According to the moisture retention 15–25% specification of USGA (United States Golf Association), the optimal soil mixture in 1-layer profile was: middle-coarse 71.4–73.5%; fine sand 17.8–21.5%; very fine sand plus silt and clay 6.8–8.4%; peat 0–1%. The optimal soil mixture in 2-layer profile was: middle-coarse 65.0–73.4%; fine sand 17.8–20.5%; very fine sand plus silt and clay 7.5–8.9%; peat 0.2–6.3%. The optimal soil mixture in 3-layer profile was: middle-coarse 62.3–73.9%; fine sand 17.7–21.4%; very fine sand plus silt and clay 7.3–10.7%; peat 0–6.3%. These optimal recipes took through the limitation of previous research, which were practically important to golf green soil selection and profile design. Thus, both proportion and interaction should be considered when we choose the soil mixture.

Studies on the Symbiosis between Some Natural Truffles and Taxus wallichiana Zucc in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

The truffle gives the formation of the mantle and Hartig net characteristic of the ectomycorrhizal association with host plant roots where water, mineral nutrients and organic carbon are exchanged. Truffles are found in many countries, but are not known in Vietnam. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of some truffles originating from Hungary (Tuber aestivum, Choiromyces meandriformis and Terfezia sp.) on Taxus wallichiana Zucc development in a greenhouse pot experiment. The mycelia of these fungi were isolated from the original samples on a MMN medium. Six-month old seedlings of Taxus wallichiana Zucc were used as test plants for inoculation with fungus mycelia. Pots 250mm in diameter were filled with a 2:1:1 mixture of local dry natural soil, perlite and peat, and each was planted with one plant. The results showed that Tuber aestivum had the better effects on the researched plants growth than Terferzia and Choiromyces meandriformis both in the diameter and the length development as well as buds forming of the plant. In Vietnam selected natural arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi helped plant growing as well, while Trichoderma spp. reduced this effect.

Deployment of Municipal Solid Wastes as a Substitute Growing Medium Component in Marigold and Basil Seedlings Production

The possible use of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) in the production of marigold and basil seedlings examined. Six medium prepared from commercial peat (CP) and MSWC (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 100% v/v). There was not any plant growth when MSWC used alone (100%). The addition of MSWC in low content (15% and 30%) improved seed emergence for marigold and basil respectively, while greater content revealed opposed impacts. Mean emergence time delayed as MSWC content increased into substrates. Addition of MSWC (especially in content greater than 30%) into CP reduced (from 34 to 64%) plant height, leaf number and stem diameter as a consequence reduced plant fresh weight (plant biomass) for both species. The number of lateral stems decreased (up to 81%) in basil when MSWC added into substrate mixtures. Chlorophyll b content decreased (up to 58%) in substrates with MSWC content greater than 15% or 30% while similar reduction observed in content of Chlorophyll a and total carotenoids for basil with MSWC > 60%. However, Chlorophyll a and total carotenoids content increased as MSWC content increased for marigold. K and Na leaf content increased but P equivalent decreased as MSWC content increased. Nursery-produced basil and marigold seedlings grown in 15% MSWC; displayed quality indices similar to those recorded for conventional mixtures of peat and may act as component substitute.

Combined catalytic pyrolysis of peat and petroleum-containing wastes

The mutual effect of peat and petroleum-containing wastes on the degree of conversion of their mixture during pyrolysis, and also the effect of bentonite clay on pyrolysis of the mixture are investigated. The temperature of the process and catalyst content were determined in the course of previous investigations. A sample mixture of peat and petroleum sludge in a 1:1 ratio was used for the investigation. The content of petroleum products in the petroleum sludge amounted to 20% of the mass of the sludge, the catalyst content was 5% of the mass of the mixture, the process was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the temperature of the process was 500°C. During the course of the experiments, the masses of the solid, liquid, and gaseous products were determined, and the gaseous mixture of pyrolysis products was also subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. The gaseous products were analyzed using gas chromatography in accordance with a method outlined in an external standard.

Propagación vegetativa de rosa: efecto del sustrato, luminosidad y permanencia de la hoja

The establishing of roses in hydroponic systems implies development propagation techniques that are efficient, economical and that produce homogeneous populations in a short time. In this work, were evaluated the effects of different substrates (peat, agrolite and vermiculite, a 1:1 v/v mixture of peat and vermiculite and two 1:1 v/v and 1:3 v/v mixture of gravel and coconut fiber); two levels of light (548 y 274 µmol.m-2 .s-1 ) and leaf persistence on cutting (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 days after establishment) on rooting, root and axial bud developments of commercial variety of rose. The vermiculite had the best results, showed the highest number of cuttings alive and rooting percentage (60%). The light levels, leaf persistence as the interaction, were also significant. The highest rooting percentage, longer roots and better axial bud development was found with 548 µmol.m-2 s -1 . Regarding leaf persistence on cutting was found that less than 10 days, the cuttings become necrotic and eventually died. There was also an inverse effect on root and bud development when the leaf persists more days, the root length was increased but axial bud decreased. In conclusion, for enhanced cuttings rooting success of rose, is required use vermiculite as substrate, with good light and leaf persists on cutting at least 15 days

DETERMINATION OF GENOTYPICAL DIFFERENCES OF MELONS TO SALT TOLERANCE

ISHS XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): III International Symposium on Plant Genetic Resources DETERMINATION OF GENOTYPICAL DIFFERENCES OF MELONS TO SALT TOLERANCE

THE EFFECT OF IBA, NAA AND CARBOHYDRATES ON ROOTING CAPACITY OF LEAFY CUTTINGS IN THREE OLIVE CULTIVARS (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)

ISHS XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): Olive Trends Symposium - From the Olive Tree to Olive Oil: New Trends and Future Challenges THE EFFECT OF IBA, NAA AND CARBOHYDRATES ON ROOTING CAPACITY OF LEAFY CUTTINGS IN THREE OLIVE CULTIVARS (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)

Reuse potential of phosphorus-rich filter materials from subsurface flow wastewater treatment filters for forest soil amendment

The aim of this study was to test P-enriched filter materials from a wastewater treatment experiment regarding their fertilizing efficiency in pot experiments with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings. Tested materials included hydrated calcium-rich oil shale ash and well-mineralised peat. A mixture of peat and hydrated ash demonstrated the best results: seedlings grown on that mixture had the highest P concentration and an optimal N:P:K ratio in leaves. Hydrated ash has a low concentration of heavy metals and almost the same composition as common lime fertilizers. The hydrated ash sediment and its combination with well-mineralised peat enriched with phosphorus in wastewater treatment filters are promising materials for forest soil fertilization.

Effects of different nutrient solution formulations on yield and cut flower quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) grown in soilless culture system

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrient solution formulations on the yield and quality of cut flowers and growth of gerbera plants in substrate culture system. Five different nutrient solution formulations were used. The gerbera plantlets were planted into pots filled with perlite and peat mixture, and values of flower yield and cut flower quality criteria, and several parameters related to growth performance such as number of daughter plants, root growth criteria, plant fresh weight were obtained. The best results of cut flower yield, flower quality and plant growth were obtained from gerberas nourished by the “ColakoAŸlu-2” nutrient solution formulation which consists of 150 ppm N, 31 ppm P, 234 ppm K, 30 ppm Mg, 100 ppm Ca, 15 ppm S, 8 ppm Fe, 5 ppm Mn, 1.5 ppm B, 2 ppm Cu, 3 ppm Zn and 0.2 ppm Mo. The highest flower yield was 38.67 flowers per plant in this solution. The highest value of the number of daughter plants (3.53/plant) in gerbera was determined in the “ColakoAŸlu-2” nutrient solution formulation. Key words: Gerbera jamesonii, nutrient solution formulation, quality, yield, cut flower, substrate culture.