Mixture Of Xylitol Research Articles

Hydrogen release of NaBH4 below 60 °C with binary eutectic mixture of xylitol and erythritol additive

NaBH4 was widely regarded as a low-cost hydrogen storage material due to its high-weight hydrogen capacity of approximately 10.8% (mass) and high volumetric hydrogen capacity of around 115 g·L–1. However, it exhibits strong stability and requires temperatures above 500 °C for hydrogen release in practical applications. In this study, two polyhydric alcohols xylitol and erythritol (XE) were prepared as a binary eutectic sugar alcohol through a grinding-melting method. This binary eutectic sugar alcohol was used as a proton-hydrogen carrier to destabilize NaBH4. The 19NaBH4-16XE composite material prepared by ball milling could start releasing hydrogen at 57.5 °C, and the total hydrogen release can reach over 88.8% (4.45% (mass)) of the theoretical capacity. When the 19NaBH4-16XE composite was pressed into solid blocks, the volumetric hydrogen capacity of the block-shaped composite could reach 67.2 g·L–1. By controlling the temperature, the hydrogen desorption capacity of the NaBH4-XE composite material was controllable, which has great potential for achieving solid-state hydrogen production from NaBH4.

Temperature-Dependent Rheological Behaviors of Binary Eutectic Mixtures of Sugar Alcohols for Latent Heat Storage: A Comparative Study with Pure Sugar Alcohols

The temperature-dependent rheological behaviors of five selected binary eutectic mixture sugar alcohols, with great potential for latent heat storage in the range of 353.15 K to 523.15 K, were investigated. It was found that the rheological behaviors of the mixture sugar alcohols depend on those of the pure compounds as well as their molar ratios. The two mixtures of xylitol (75 mol%)+erythritol and erythritol (84 mol%)+d-mannitol behave like pseudoplastic fluids with typical non-Newtonian shear-thinning behaviors, as indicated by the power law index of 0.99 (<1). The mixture of d-mannitol (70 mol%)+d-dulcitol is a nonlinear Bingham fluid, exhibiting a slight yield stress (0.001 Pa to 0.01 Pa) at low shear rates. The rest two mixtures containing the cyclic-structured inositol behave like Herschel-Bulkley fluids. The infinite shear viscosities of the eutectic mixtures over the entire temperature range appear to be higher than those of their respective pure compounds, except for inositol. The mixture of xylitol (75 mol%)+erythritol at its melting point shows higher dynamic viscosity of about 0.546 Pa·s than the values of about 0.396 Pa·s and 0.035 Pa·s for xylitol and erythritol, respectively. In addition, the activation energies of viscous flow of the mixtures, as determined by fitting the dynamic viscosity-temperature curves using the Arrhenius model, also exhibit higher values than those of their pure compounds. The activation energy of viscous flow of the mixture xylitol (75 mol%)+erythritol was determined to be about 92 400 J/mol in the supercooled liquid state, while the supercooled liquid xylitol and erythritol have much lower values of 83 500 J/mol and 51 900 J/mol, respectively. Both the increased dynamic viscosities and activation energies of viscous flow can result in deteriorated crystallization performance during latent heat retrieval.

Physicochemical Properties of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents with Polyols: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation

Within the framework of green chemistry, solvents occupy a strategic place. To be qualified as a green medium, solvents should meet a few important standards such as availability, nontoxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, flammability, and low price among others. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the type of solvents that can meet these conditions. In this work, we performed experimental and computational studies on the DESs, type III group, which are mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol with choline chloride at eutectic composition. The mentioned DESs were compared with commonly used DESs of sugar alcohols: ethylene glycol and glycerol. Moreover, the key factor for choosing these solvents is that their freezing points are below 293.15 K, and so, they are all liquids at room temperature. With the growing interest in this field, there is an urgent need for a deep understanding on the formation and functioning of these solvents at the molecular level. Besides, complementarity of theoretical and experimental studies can be helpful in further designing novel DESs. Thus, in this work, we report the physicochemical properties of the mentioned DESs, which include density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, molar volume, refractive index, molar refraction, and free molar volume in temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 353.15 K. The reported properties were fitted to appropriate linear or polynomial equations with very satisfactory correlation coefficients (R2). Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to probe DESs at the molecular level. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed that hydrogen bonds between sorbitol, xylitol, and choline chloride play a fundamental role in the observed properties of these DESs.

Enhancement of biomolecules solubility in aqueous media using designer solvents as additives: An experimental and COSMO-based models' approach

The knowledge about the solubility behavior of different biomolecules can be of interest to the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. In this work, the designer solvents were evaluated as additives to aqueous media to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic biomolecules, namely: quercetin, curcumin, and gallic acid. The solubilities of these biomolecules were explored in terms of experimental data and COSMO-based models' prediction (COSMO-RS and COSMO-SAC). The following designer solvents were evaluated as additives: DES (composed of cholinium chloride and xylitol, 2:1 M fraction), cholinium chloride (HBA), xylitol (HBD) and the simple mixture of cholinium chloride and xylitol in the same molar ratio of the DES. For the more hydrophobic biomolecules, i.e., curcumin, and quercetin, these solvents promoted an increase of solubility. The quercetin solubility increased more than 1000-fold in the solution containing 70 wt% of cholinium chloride compared to the pure water. In the same conditions, the curcumin solubility increased around 700-fold. For the less hydrophobic biomolecule, gallic acid, a hydrotrope effect was observed when DES and the simple mixture of cholinium chloride and xylitol were used as an additive. Moreover, comparing the aqueous solutions containing DES with that one composed of the cholinium chloride and xylitol mixture is possible to observe the effect of the hydrogen bonds from DES at low water content solutions. Also, the COSMO models were able to predict the affinity behavior of biomolecules in different solvents, and the COSMO-SAC predicted the hydrotrope behavior of the aqueous solution of cholinium chloride when solubilizing gallic acid.

Heterogeneous oxidation of amorphous organic aerosol surrogates by O&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, and OH at typical tropospheric temperatures

Abstract. Typical tropospheric temperatures render possible phase states of amorphous organic aerosol (OA) particles of solid, semisolid, and liquid. This will affect the multiphase oxidation kinetics involving the organic condensed-phase and gaseous oxidants and radicals. To quantify this effect, we determined the reactive uptake coefficients (γ) of O3, NO3, and OH by substrate films composed of single and binary OA surrogate species under dry conditions for temperatures from 213 to 313 K. A temperature-controlled coated-wall flow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer was applied to determine γ with consideration of gas diffusion transport limitation and gas flow entrance effects, which can impact heterogeneous reaction kinetics. The phase state of the organic substrates was probed via the poke-flow technique, allowing the estimation of the substrates' glass transition temperatures. γ values for O3 and OH uptake to a canola oil substrate, NO3 uptake to a levoglucosan and a levoglucosan / xylitol substrate, and OH uptake to a glucose and glucose / 1,2,6-hexanetriol substrate have been determined as a function of temperature. We observed the greatest changes in γ with temperature for substrates that experienced the largest changes in viscosity as a result of a solid-to-liquid phase transition. Organic substrates that maintain a semisolid or solid phase state and as such a relatively higher viscosity do not display large variations in heterogeneous reactivity. From 213 to 293 K, γ values of O3 with canola oil, of NO3 with a levoglucosan / xylitol mixture, and of OH with a glucose / 1,2,6-hexanetriol mixture and canola oil, increase by about a factor of 34, 3, 2, and 5, respectively, due to a solid-to-liquid phase transition of the substrate. These results demonstrate that the surface and bulk lifetime of the OA surrogate species can significantly increase due to the slowed heterogeneous kinetics when OA species are solid or highly viscous in the middle and upper troposphere. This experimental study will further our understanding of the chemical evolution of OA particles with subsequent important consequences for source apportionment, air quality, and climate.

Screening of sugar alcohols and their binary eutectic mixtures as phase change materials for low-to-medium temperature thermal energy storage. (Ⅱ): Isothermal melting and crystallization behaviors

Based on the non-isothermal phase change behaviors of twenty-one pure and mixture sugar alcohols presented in our previous study (Part Ⅰ), the isothermal melting and crystallization behaviors were further tested in this supplemental work for five selected pure sugar alcohols (xylitol, erythritol, d-mannitol, d-dulcitol and inositol) and their five binary eutectic mixtures to make an advanced screening of these candidates for low-to-medium temperature latent heat storage. The isothermal melting and crystallization behaviors of these ten candidates were tested at a constant degree of superheat (10 °C) and various degrees of subcooling up to 210 °C. The phase change temperatures, degrees of supercooling and durations of phase change were determined by the recorded temperature-history curves. It was found that the incrystallizable xylitol and its eutectic mixture of xylitol (75 mol%) + erythritol with low melting points under 100 °C are also unable to crystallize during isothermal cool-down at any degrees of subcooling (30–90 °C) due to the unavailability to nucleation. The rest eight crystallizable candidates all suffer from severe supercooling and are unable to crystallize at low degrees of subcooling (<20 °C). They undergo both one-phase supercooling due to poor nucleation performance and two-phase supercooling, which was unable to be obtained previously by non-isothermal cooling, due to slow crystallization kinetics. However, it seems difficult to find a correlation between the observed degrees of supercooling in both the liquid and solid phases and the prescribed degrees of subcooling by only three consecutive isothermal melting and crystallization cycles, as a result of the randomness of nucleation and large size of samples. The duration of crystallization was shown to decrease with increasing the degree of subcooling for both pure and mixture sugar alcohols due to the enhanced driving force for crystallization. The durations of crystallization of the mixture sugar alcohols appear to be longer than those of their pure compounds, due to the lower thermal conductivity and higher dynamic viscosity of the mixtures. Combining the present isothermal and the previous non-isothermal test results, it has been confirmed that the difficulty in crystallization and the severe supercooling are the primary issues for sugar alcohols, which must be addressed before they can be used in real-world latent heat storage systems.

Impregnated active layer combustion synthesis of nano MgFe2O4 using green template

Nano-Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) powders have been prepared by a modified combustion synthesis method named impregnated active layer combustion (IALC). The effects of five important parameters such as main fuel to oxidizer ratio (F/O), main fuel type, added fuel type, template type and main fuel (Added F/MF) to the added fuel ratio have been studied using Taguchi design. Xylitol, D-mannitol, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) were used as fuels. Besides, waste newspaper and Platanus orientalis leaf (POL) were used as new green templates. Samples were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, TEM, BET and VSM analyses. Results showed that the average crystallite size of the sample prepared under optimized condition (mixture of Xylitol and DTPA as fuel, POL as template, and Added F/MF ratio of 0.75) was 17.66 nm. The result was confirmed by TEM. The saturated magnetization of the optimum sample was 21 emu/g and the specific surface area was 15.377 m2/g.

Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membrane Incorporated with Silicon Dioxide Prepared by Phase Inversion Method for Xylitol Purification

Xylitol purity is essential for a high value product obtained from biomass fermentation. Common biomass fermentation from sugar cane bagasse, corncobs or rice husk source in the presence of yeast produces xylitol mixture (containing xylose, arabinose), thus, various methods have been used for the purification such as crystallization and adsorption. However, membrane technique is of interest due to the operational simplicity and flexibility, relatively high selectivity and permeability for the transport of specific components. Nanofiltration (NF) membrane is targeted for the membrane application based on the ranges of molecular weight of the mixture components that fall in NF (between 200 to 2000 g/mol). In this paper, a new and efficient NF membrane used for purifying xylitol was synthesized from polyethersulfone (PES) and PES incorporated with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NP) of 5 wt.% via phase inversion technique. These membranes have been characterized for their chemical, physical and morphological properties and their performances have been evaluated in the dead end filtration to obtain the pure water flux and filtration performance using xylitol mixture. EDX showed the presence of SiO2 NP on the membrane for PES/SiO2 membrane but none in PES membrane. The membrane permeation properties improved also when SiO2 has been incorporated to the PES membrane. The hydrophilicity of the PES/SiO2 membrane measured by contact angle improved from 79.7±0.65° to 59.1±0.15° for PES/SiO2 and PES membranes, respectively. The water flux has enhanced for PES/SiO2 membrane from 24.56 to 59.14 L/m2·h measured at 4 bar. Therefore, in terms of flux and contact angle, the synthesized membrane of PES/SiO2 was found to be more effective compared to pure PES membrane.

Study of paracetamol-containing pastilles produced by melt technology

The focus of this work was to apply melt technology for the formulation of a pastille containing paracetamol (PCT) in a solid dispersion with two sugar alcohols (xylitol and mannitol) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) as the carrier system components. Optimization of the pastillization was performed both statistically by using the Box–Behnken design and experimentally by determining the phase diagrams. For the latter and recrystallization of the components, differential scanning calorimetry detection was utilized. The developed pastilles consisted of a eutectic mixture of xylitol (61.25 %) and mannitol (15.31 %) with PEG (7.81 %) as carrier system together with PCT (15.63 %). The components of the pastilles underwent recrystallization at different rates for 5 days. Transmission Raman spectroscopy revealed the homogeneous distribution of the PCT in the pastille. X-ray powder diffractometry showed that the recrystallization of the PCT resulted in its monoclinic form I, while dispersive Raman spectroscopy detected both the monoclinic and orthorhombic forms. The drop-melted pastilles displayed relatively high hardness, and the PCT dissolved within 15 min. It is concluded that pastillization can be achieved through melt technology and the structure and the technological parameters of the pastille are suitable for the development of lozenges as a solid dosage form for children therapy.

Dielectric relaxation and hydrogen bonding interaction in xylitol–water mixtures using time domain reflectometry

The measurements of complex dielectric permittivity of xylitol–water mixtures have been carried out in the frequency range of 10 MHz–30 GHz using a time domain reflectometry technique. Measurements have been done at six temperatures from 0 to 25 °C and at different weight fractions of xylitol (0 < W X ≤ 0.7) in water. There are different models to explain the dielectric relaxation behaviour of binary mixtures, such as Debye, Cole–Cole or Cole–Davidson model. We have observed that the dielectric relaxation behaviour of binary mixtures of xylitol–water can be well described by Cole–Davidson model having an asymmetric distribution of relaxation times. The dielectric parameters such as static dielectric constant and relaxation time for the mixtures have been evaluated. The molecular interaction between xylitol and water molecules is discussed using the Kirkwood correlation factor (g eff ) and thermodynamic parameter.

Effect of heat moisture treatment on physicochemical and morphological properties of wheat starch and xylitol mixture

The effect of heat moisture treatment (HMT, 100°C, 10h) on the physicochemical and morphological properties of wheat starch and xylitol mixture (SX) were studied by using Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern (X-ray). The research found that the peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV) and breakdown (BD) of SX decreased markedly after HMT, whereas pasting temperature increased. Compared with SX, To, Tp and Tc of SX treated with HMT (H-SX) increased and ΔH decreased. The results of SEM showed that numerous xylitol granules appeared on the surface of starch granule in SX, and a layer of similar membrane adhered on the surface of starch granules in H-SX. After gelatinization and freeze-dried, the gel network structure of H-SX was tighter than that of SX. The amorphous region of H-SX was higher than that of SX.

Long-Range Diffusion in Xylitol–Water Mixtures

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were employed to study mixtures of xylitol and water. The results were also related to a previous dielectric relaxation study on the same system. In the temperature range of the DLS measurements the viscosity related structural (α) relaxation is too fast to be observed on the experimental time scale, but a considerably slower exponential and hydrodynamic relaxation process is clearly observable in the polarized light scattering data. A similar ultraslow process has been observed in many other types of binary liquids and commonly assigned to long-range concentration or density fluctuations. In some studies this interpretation has been supported by observations of substantial structural inhomogeneities in static light scattering or SANS experiments. However, in this study we observe such an ultraslow process without any indication of structural inhomogeneities on length-scales above 2 nm. Hence, we suggest that our observed ultraslow process is due to long-range diffusion of single xylitol molecules or small clusters of a few xylitol molecules (and perhaps some associated water molecules) which are randomly dispersed and sufficiently small to not be structurally detected in our SANS study. In the q-range of the DLS measurements this ultraslow relaxation process is around room temperature several orders of magnitude slower than the structural α-relaxation. However, if its 1/q(2)-dependent relaxation time is extrapolated to q-values where relaxation times from dielectric spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering are compatible (about 10 nm(-1)), a relaxation time similar to that of the dielectric α-relaxation is obtained. Thus, the large difference in time scale between the two relaxation processes in the q-range of a DLS study is due to the fact that the α-relaxation is cooperative in nature, rather than caused by long-range single particle diffusion, and thus q-independent at low q-values.

Influence of Disintegrant on Properties of Fast Disintegrating Tablet Containing Xylitol

Disintegrants had influence on disintegration time and dissolution for fast disintegrating tablet (FDTs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of disintegrant type on the characteristics of FDTs. In this research, the tablets were fabricated by direct compression with the compression force of 1.5 tons and using the different disintegrants components (chitin, chitosan, xylitol, microcrystalline celluloses, white bentonite and magnabite F). The physical properties of these tablets were determined. The xylitol tablets were rapidly disintegrated within 7+1 s, whereas that of the others was longer than 30 mins. The tablets containing the mixture of xylitol and other materials were subsequently fabricated since the hardness of the xylitol tablet was very poor. The disintegration time and wetting time of tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 was shorter than that of the others. The contact angle of tablets containing xylitol and Avicel PH101 at the ratio of 9:1 was lowest and surface free energy (SFE) of them was highest compared with the other formula. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed that xylitol and tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 had no disordered arrangement, therefore it could promote the disintegrating property effectiently.

Effects of water on the primary and secondary relaxation of xylitol and sorbitol: implication on the origin of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation.

Dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the effects of water on the primary alpha -relaxation and the secondary beta -relaxation of xylitol. The measurements were made on anhydrous xylitol and mixtures of xylitol with water with three different water concentrations over a temperature range from 173 K to 293 K. The alpha -relaxation speeds up with increasing concentration of water in xylitol, whereas the rate of the beta -relaxation is essentially unchanged. Some systematic differences in the behavior of alpha -relaxation for anhydrous xylitol and the mixtures were observed. Our findings confirm all the observations of Nozaki et al. [J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 349 (2002)]] in sorbitol/water mixtures. Effects of water on both the alpha - and beta -relaxation dynamics in xylitol and sorbitol are explained by using the coupling model.

The effect of polyol‐combinant saliva stimulants on S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation

The effect of chewable saliva-stimulants on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque and paraffin-stimulated whole saliva among participants who were mentally disabled was investigated. Over 64-days, 98 participants chewed one of four saliva-stimulating tablets five times/day. The tablets contained one of the following: xylitol (X) or sorbitol (S), or 1:1 mixtures of xylitol and erythritol (XE) or sorbitol and erythritol (SE). Consumption of xylitol and sorbitol in Groups X and S was 5.4 grams/day/ subject, and of each polyol in Groups XE and SE, consumption was 2.7 g/day/subject. Interproximal dental plaque and stimulated whole saliva were sampled at baseline, at Day 36, and Day 64. There was a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans in plaque and saliva counts in Groups X and XE. The percentage of S. mutans in total streptococci increased significantly in dental plaque in Group S but decreased in the other groups. The results suggest that xylitol-containing saliva stimulants may be more effective than sorbitol-containing products in controlling some caries-associated parameters in people who are mentally disabled. Also a relationship may exist between the pentitol-type xylitol and S. mutans, and erythritol may exert a specific biochemical effect on this organism, although further studies are needed.

Oxygen-dependent xylitol metabolism in Pichia stipitis

Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 was cultivated in chemostat cultures under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions with xylitol alone, a mixture of xylitol and glucose and a mixture of xylitol and xylose. Xylitol metabolism was strictly respiratory and no ethanol was formed. Simultaneous feeding of xylitol and glucose and xylitol and xylose to oxygen-limited xylitol-pregrown cells resulted in ethanol formation. In vitro both pyruvate decarboxylase activity and alcohol dehydrogenase activity were present in cells metabolising xylitol under oxygen-limited conditions; however, this did not result in ethanol formation. Glucose, xylose and xylitol utilisation, respectively, were compared under anaerobic conditions with regard to growth rate, carbon source and oxygenation level during pre-cultivation. Irrespective of pre-growth conditions, xylitol was not metabolised under anaerobic conditions, whereas ethanol was formed from both xylose and glucose. Anaerobic xylose utilisation required induction of a xylose-utilising metabolic pathway during pre-cultivation.

Effects of xylitol, xylitolsorbitol, and placebo chewing gums on the plaque of habitual xylitol consumers

Xylitol reduces plaque but the reduction mechanism is largely unknown. The main aim of the present study was to determine whether the xylitol-induced reduction in the amount of plaque and the number of mutans streptococci could be demonstrated in subjects with (presumably) high levels of xylitol-resistant (XR; not inhibited by xylitol) mutans streptococci acquired following previous xylitol consumptions. 37 healthy dental students participated in the double-blind study. All subjects had been uncontrolled, habitual consumers of xylitol-containing products for at least 1 yr before the study. A 1-month washout period was followed by a 2-week test period during which either xylitol, xylitol-sorbitol or unsweetened chewing gum base was chewed 3-5 x a day. Plaque and saliva samples were collected at baseline and at the 2-week point for determination of the amount of plaque, microbiological variables, and hydrolytic enzymes. Mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol seemed to perform equally well with respect to reduction in the amount of plaque but not the number of mutans streptococci. Thus, polyols were the active ingredients of chewing gums able to modulate the amount of plaque and its microbial composition. Xylitol reduced plaque with a mechanism which appeared not to be associated with the study-induced changes in the proportion (%) of mutans streptococci in plaque, the number of salivary mutans streptococci, the proportion of XR strains in plaque or saliva, or the hydrolytic enzyme activities of plaque.

Substrate isomerization inhibits ribulosebisphospate carboxylase-oxygenase during catalysis

The inhibition of purified spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase which occurs progressively during catalysis in vitro is caused by accumulation of at least two tight-binding inhibitors at the catalytic site. Reduction of these inhibitors with NaB 3H 4, followed by dephosphorylation, produced a mixture of xylitol and arabinitol, thus identifying one of them as D-xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate. It was formed during carboxylation, presumably by a stereochemically incorrect reprotonation of the 2,3-enediolate intermediate bound at the catalytic site. Under the conditions used, this epimerization occurred approximately once for every 400 carboxylation turnovers. Another inhibitor may be 3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate which would also be formed by misprotonation of the enediolate intermediate, but at C-2 rather than at C-3.

Effect of xylitol-containing carbohydrate mixtures on acid and ammonia production in suspensions of salivary sediment.

pH changes and the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia were studied in suspensions of salivary sediment supplemented with mixtures of xylitol and other carbohydrate sweeteners. The only mixtures which increased the pH values of the suspensions were those containing xylitol alone or mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol. Mixtures of xylitol and Lycasin 80/55 caused a relatively small pH reduction. Xylitol was not able to inhibit the acid production from the easily fermented glucose, fructose and Lycasin 05/60. The levels of lactic acid, determined in the incubation mixtures, directly reflected these pH changes. The levels of acetic acid and ammonia were, however, relatively similar in all incubation mixtures. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of xylitol on acid production of oral flora should be retained, provided that xylitol is used either alone or in mixtures with slowly fermentable carbohydrates, such as sorbitol and Lycasin 80/55.

Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol, sorbitol or a mixture of xylitol and sorbitol on plaque formation, pH changes and acid production in human dental plaque.

The aim of the present investigation was to study if xylitol added to a sorbitol-containing chewing gum influenced the pH changes and the acid production activity from sorbitol in plaque. Using a cros