Mixture Of Tributyl Phosphate Research Articles

Liquid–liquid extraction and transport across supported liquid membrane of phenol using tributyl phosphate

In the present work, the extraction of phenol by liquid–liquid extraction procedure and by supported liquid membrane (SLM) system using tributyl phosphate (TBP) has been explored. Firstly, the liquid–liquid extraction of phenol with mixture of TBP and hexane, 2-octanol, or kerosene was investigated. The addition of TBP improves the extraction efficiency and more than 90% of phenol was extracted after only 3 min of contact with tested mixtures. Secondly, taking into consideration the obtained results, the transport of phenol across a flat-sheet SLM (FSSLM) containing 20% (v/v) TBP in kerosene as liquid membrane phase was studied. Several operational variables such as TBP concentration, source solution pH, initial phenol concentration, stripping reagent (NaOH) concentration and polymeric support type were examined. Under optimum conditions, an initial flux value of 1.4 × 10 −5 mol m −2 s −1 has been determined. Finally, the stability of the SLM system was checked. The system can be considered as stable using polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as a polymeric support since only a 17% decline in the transport efficiency was observed after 3 days of continuous run.

Liquid-liquid extraction technique for purification of Egyptian WET process phosphoric acid

High grade phosphoric acid can be obtained using liquid-liquid extraction technique. Different organic solvents were investigated, separately or in mixture, viz. butanol, hexanol, octanol and a mixture of tributylphosphate plus butanol. Among these solvents, n-octanol proved to be the most efficient and selective. The effects of organic solvent concentration, organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio, temperature, shaking time and phosphoric acid concentration on P2O5 extraction were studied. The temperature has a slight positive effect and the extraction was enhanced by increasing P2O5 and octanol concentrations and with the increase of organic/aqueous phase ratio. The McCabe Thiele extraction equilibrium curve showed that an overall extraction yield of more than 80% could be reached over three stages from aqueous solutions. Scrubbing and stripping were also investigated. Scrubbing of the loaded organic acid was done using pure phosphoric acid while stripping of H3PO4 was successfully performed using doubly di stilled water (DDW). For 9.2 M H3PO4, 99.90% of iron, 97.99% of fluoride and 99.99% of manganese were removed whereas complete removal of copper, cadmium and zinc was attained.

Solvent extraction of rhenium from molybdenum in alkaline solution

The technology of selective extraction of rhenium from alkaline solutions containing rhenium and molybdenum by solvent extraction using a mixture of tributyl phosphate and triotylamine as extractant has been investigated, complete separation of rhenium from alkaline solutions containing rhenium and molybdenum was possible after repeated extraction and repeated stripping. The results show that the mixture of 20% triotylamine and 30% tributyl phosphate diluted kerosene oil is selective extractant of rhenium with respect to molybdenum. It extracted molybdenum with extraction efficiency of 1.7%, while rhenium was extracted with efficiency of 96.8%, and separation coefficient β Re/Mo is relatively good (1.7 × 10 3). The optimum extraction conditions have been determined experimentally as: “20% triotylamine and 30% tributyl phosphate, pH of the feed solution (9.0), room temperature, phase ratio (1:1)”, Stripping of rhenium to aqueous phase was efficient when 18% ammonia liquor were applied, the rhenium stripping efficiencies in the examined conditions were about 99.3% under conditions of O:A ratio of 1:1 for 10 min at 40 °C.

Proteomic Analysis of Cell Envelope fromStaphylococcusxylosusC2a, a Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus xylosus is a saprophytic bacterium commonly found on skin of mammals but also used for its organoleptic properties in manufacturing of fermented meat products. This bacterium is able to form biofilms and to colonize biotic or abiotic surfaces, processes which are mediated, to a certain extent, by cell-envelope proteins. Thus, the present investigation aimed at evaluating and adapting different existing methods for cell-envelope subproteome analyses of the strain S. xylosus C2a. The protocol selected consisted initially of a lysostaphin treatment producing protoplasts and giving a fraction I enriched in cell wall proteins. A second fraction enriched in membrane proteins was then efficiently recovered by a procedure involving delipidation with a mixture of tributyl phosphate, methanol, and acetone and solubilization with a buffer containing ASB14. Proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 168 protein spots was identified corresponding to 90 distinct proteins. To categorize and analyze these proteomic data, a rational bioinformatic approach was carried out on proteins identified within cell envelope of S. xylosus C2a. Thirty-four proteins were predicted as membrane-associated with 91% present, as expected, within fraction II enriched in membrane proteins: 24 proteins were predicted as membranal, 3 as lipoproteins, and 7 as components of membrane protein complex. Eighteen out of 25 (72%) proteins predicted as secreted were indeed identified in fraction I enriched in cell wall proteins: 6 proteins were predicted as secreted via Sec translocon, and the remaining 19 proteins were predicted as secreted via unknown secretion system. Eighty-one percent (25/31) of proteins predicted as cytoplasmic were found in fraction II: 8 were clearly predicted as interacting temporarily with membrane components. By coupling conventional 2-DE and bioinformatic analysis, the approach developed allows fractionating, resolving, and analyzing a significant and important set of cell envelope proteins from a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, that is, S. xylosus C2a.

Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixture of Tributylphosphate and n-Alkanols

The excess molar enthalpies for binary systems of tributylphosphate(TBP) +methanol/ethanol/1-propanol/1-butanol were measured by calorimetry at 298.15 K as well as a little mixtures at 293.15 K and 303.15 K. The experimental results were in the range of -0.3 - 0.3 kJ·mol-1 and were invariant with the change of temperature. The excess molar entropies, excess molar Gibbs free energies, and activity coefficients for the binary mixtures had been obtained according to the athermal solution model. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the model provided reliable results for binary mixtures of TBP+methanol/ethanol/propan-1-ol, but did not for TBP+butan-1-ol.

TRANSPORT OF NEODYMIUM WITH FLAT SHEET CONTAINED LIQUID MEMBRANE USING OCTYL(PHENYL)-N,N-DIISOBUTYLCARBAMOYLMETHYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE

A study was carried out on the transport of neodymium from nitric acid solution, using a flat sheet contained liquid membrane technique, in order to investigate the feasibility of treating low-level radioactive wastewaters using hollow fiber membrane contactors. The solvent consisted of n-octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) as the active carrier in n-dodecane. The effect of various modifiers was explored and a mixture of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and isotridecanol was identified as the most effective modifier, minimizing acid co-extraction and preventing third phase formation. The effects of various parameters on Nd transport were examined. These included the effect of acidity, Nd, and sodium nitrate concentrations in the feed and the hydrophilicity of the membranes at the feed and strip interfaces. The extraction of Nd from nitric acid to a solvent mixture of CMPO, TBP, and isotridecanol was found to be mainly governed by membrane diffusion. At the feed interface, it was found that a hydrophobic membrane offers higher resistance to mass transfer than a hydrophilic membrane, due to a combination of low distribution coefficient and low diffusivity of the Nd–CMPO complex. Resistance at the strip interface was also lower with a hydrophilic membrane. The rate of acid transport from feed to strip solution was higher with a hydrophilic membrane at the feed interface, and this was found to reduce Nd recovery in the strip solution. These results highlight the importance of the effect of membrane hydrophilicity on the overall mass transfer rates.

An investigation of the radiochemical stability of ionic liquids

Ionic liquids have been considered for their potential applications within the nuclear fuel cycle. If ionic liquids are to be successful in their application as solvents for highly radioactive materials in any future process, there will be a requirement for them to be robust to high radiation doses. A preliminary assessment of the radiation stability of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation based ionic liquids containing nitrate and chloride anions has been performed. The results of radiolysis studies are reported, in which the samples were exposed to alpha radiation from a tandem Van der Graaff generator, beta radiation from a linear accelerator and gamma radiation from cobalt 60 sources. These results suggest that their stability is similar to that of benzene and that they are much more stable than mixtures of tributylphosphate and odourless kerosene under similar irradiation conditions. The radiolysis of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation based ionic liquids reflects their combination of the properties of a salt, an alkane and an aromatic. They appear to be relatively radiation resistant and there is certainly no major decomposition of the organic component.

Extraction of Tungsten with Trialkylamine - Effect of pH

Extraction equilibrium in the system aqueous solution of sodium tungstate-solution of trialkylamine in a mixed diluent was investigated. A tertiary amine with C7-C9 straight alkyl chains was dissolved in a mixture of tributyl phosphate and kerosene and presaturated with sulfuric acid to give normal trialkylamine sulfate. Extraction isotherms at 25 °C and at several constant values of equilibrium pH were measured in a broad range of aqueous tungstate concentrations. pH 2.0-6.0 was adjusted by addition of sulfuric acid during equilibration. The equilibrium tungstate and sulfate contents in both phases were determined. A typical tungstate isotherm exhibits a steep ascending part in the low concentration range, corresponding to the region of anion exchange, and a flat part in the high concentration range, where the acid content in the organic phase is virtually exhausted. The level of the flat part decreases with growing pH, corresponding to the increasing number of negative charges per tungsten atom in the tungstate polyanions extracted. At pH > 5, also the effect of hydrolysis of amine sulfate could be detected.

Application of Solvents Mixtures Based on Tributylphosphate for Selective Extraction-Sorption Concentrating of Phenol and Guayacol

The influence of polysorb on the quantitative characteristics of stationary extraction for phenol and guayacol with mixtures of tributylphosphate (TBP) and organic solvents of different classes (distribution coefficients, synergecity) was studied. Solvation numbers and constants of entering of TBP into mixed solvates were calculated both for extraction and extraction-sorption systems. Comparative study of selectivity for a mixture of extracting agents has been made relative to phenol and guayacol in the extraction and extraction-sorption systems for variable composition of mixture of solvents. Separation of phenol and guayacol is possible when applying the columns with mixed stationary phases at the stage of the extraction sorption.

Electrochemical reduction of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (EAQ) and mediated formation of hydrogen peroxide in a two-phase medium Part II: Production of alkaline hydrogen peroxide by the intermediate electroreduction of EAQ in a flow-by porous electrode in two-phase liquid–liquid flow

Hydrogen peroxide production by the intermediate electroreduction of the 2-ethyl–9,10-anthraquinone (EAQ) was carried out in a flow-by cell and a two-phase electrolyte formed by a mixture of tributylphosphate (TBP) and diethylbenzene (DEB) as the organic phase, and a solution of NaOH as the aqueous phase. The cathode used was a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam. We have examined the following process variables: electrolysis current (0.3–3.1A), catholyte flow rate (470–1630mlmin−1), EAQ concentration in the organic phase (0.21–0.42m), organic/aqueous phase volume ratio (1/9–4/6) and grade of porosity of the RVC (20–45ppi). The electrolyses can be carried out in the presence or absence of oxygen gas. The first method is the so-called ‘one-step electrolysis’ and the second method is the ‘two-step electrolysis’. In the second method, the disodium salt of the hydroquinone (EAQNa2) is electrochemically formed in the absence of oxygen. The second step consists of the chemical reaction of this salt with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. We obtained a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.8m after 10Ah with an electrolysis current of 1.55A and a current efficiency of 70%.

Electrochemical reduction of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (EAQ) and mediated formation of hydrogen peroxide in a two-phase medium Part I: Electrochemical behaviour of EAQ on a vitreous carbon rotating disc electrode (RDE) in the two-phase medium

The electrochemical reduction of 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (EAQ) has been examined by voltammetry on a vitreous carbon rotating disk electrode (RDE) in a two-phase medium. The medium consisted of an organic phase consisting of a mixture of tributylphosphate (TBP) and diethylbenzene (DEB) (15/85,vol/vol) and an aqueous phase, 2m NaOH. The ratio between the two phases was 40% for the organic phase and 60% for the aqueous phase. The electrochemical behaviour of EAQ in this medium was examined on a vitreous carbon RDE in the presence and absence of oxygen. The formation of hydrogen peroxide mediated by the electrochemical reduction of EAQ was studied analytically. The voltammetric results indicate that hydrogen peroxide formation mediated by the electrochemical reduction of EAQ is feasible.

Solubility of Organophosphorus Metal Extractants in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The solubility (S) of several liquid organophosphorus compounds, tributyl phosphate (TBP), diisodecylphosphoric acid (DIDPA), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA), dihexyl-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)methylphosphonate (CMP), and octyl(phenyl)(N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl)methylphosphine oxide (CMPO), in supercritical CO2 was determined over temperature and pressure ranges of 30−90 °C and 7.5−25 MPa. The solubility of the compound increases with increasing density (ρ) of CO2 fluid, showing a linear relationship: ln S = p ln ρ + q (p and q are constants). The slope p measured at 60 °C is 21.8, 11.4, 13.1, 10.8, or 7.5, and the constant q, given solubility at ρ = 1 g/mL, is 26.3, 0.4, 2.7, 5.1, or −0.1 respectively for TBP, DIDPA, DEHPA, CMP, or CMPO. A homogeneous mixture of TBP or CMP with CO2 is readily obtained even at relatively low pressure, where the density of CO2 is relatively low. It is found that all the compounds examined are soluble enough in CO2 to prepare an organophosphorus compound−CO2 mixture whi...

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lanthanides with Fluorinated .beta.-Diketones and Tributyl Phosphate

Trivalent lanthanide ions (La[sup 3+], Eu[sup 3+], and Lu[sup 3+]) in solid materials can be effectively extracted by methanol-modified carbon dioxide containing a suitable fluorinated [beta]-diketone (such as HFA, TTA, or FOD) at 60[degree]C and 150 atm. Addition of a small amount of water to the solid samples can significantly increase the extraction efficiency. Tributyl phosphate (TBP) shows a strong positive synergistic effect with the fluorinated [beta]-diketones for the extraction of the lanthanides in supercritical CO[sub 2] without methanol modifier. Quantitative extraction of the lanthanides (92-98%) from sand or a cellulose-based solid material can be achieved using a mixture of TBP and one of the fluorinated [beta]-diketones in neat CO[sub 2] at 60[degree]C and 150 atm. The synergistic effect depends on the structure and fluorine substitution in the [beta]-diketone. In soil matrix, TBP+HFA are more effective than TBP+TTA or TBP+FOD for lanthanide extraction in supercritical CO[sub 2]. Without fluorine substitution, as in the case of acetylacetone, the positive synergistic extraction of lanthanides with TBP is negligible. With the mixed-ligand approach, high efficiencies of lanthanide extraction from aqueous solutions by neat CO[sub 2] can also be accomplished. 14 refs., 4 tabs.

Synergic liquid-liquid extraction studies of neodymium and praseodymium with mixtures of tributyl phosphate and Aliquat-336 in nitrate media

Extraction studies of neodymium and praseodymium with mixtures of tributyl phosphate and Aliquat-336 in xylene have been carried out. From 3.0M aqueous ammonium nitrate solutions, negatively charged complexes of neodymium and praseodymium were extracted with Aliquat-336 in the presence of tributyl phosphate into the organic phase. The synergic extracted species observed was M(NO3) 4 − L+·TBP. The synergic extraction of lanthanide elements in nitrate media increases from lanthanum to lutetium.

Synergistic Extraction Studies of Thiocyanate Complexes of Gadolinium, Dysprosium and Erbium with Mixture of Tributyl Phosphate and Tricaprylmonomethylammonium Chloride

The synergistic extraction behavior of thiocyanate complexes of gadolinium, dysprosium and erbium has been studied for a mixed system: M3+/NH4SCN/tributyl phosphate (TBP)+tricaprylmonomethylammonium chloride (Aliquat-336)+ xylene. The percentage extraction and distribution ratios were measured as a function of the pH as well as the NH4SCN, Aliquat-336 and TBP concentrations, respectively. The percentage extraction of gadolinium, dysprosium and erbium increases with increase in pH. It was significant in the pH range 4 to 6 in a thiocyanate media. The composition of a binary synergistic extracted complex of lanthanides into the organic phase is probably M(SCN)52-(L+)2•2TBPo under the conditions studied. The synergistic extraction sequence as a function of the atomic number of lanthanide elements is given.

Transport behaviour of water and nitric acid in tributyl phosphate/n-dodecane mixtures

The diffusion coefficients of water and nitric acid in different mixtures of tributyl phosphate (TBP)/n-dodecane were measured with the aid of an analytical ultracentrifuge, in order to elucidate the transport behaviour in the organic phase of the PUREX process. Measurements were made at 298 K for different solute concentrations, the TBP content of the organic solutions being varied from pure TBP to a 30/70 (v/v) TBP/n-dodecane mixture. The Stokes' radii and the molecular volumes of the solute particles were evaluated for each system from diffusion coefficients and viscosity by an approximate method based on Stokes' law. Comparisons of the molecular volumes obtained from diffusion with those from density measurements showed that, in the presence of n-dodecane, aggregares of the particles are formed, which consist of water and nitric acid bound to TBP molecules. In pure TBP, however, the diffusion of water was faster, indicating that the molecules then move separately by a slipping mechanism.

The Synergistic Extraction of Sm(NO3)3and Gd(NO3)3by a Mixture of Tributyl Phosphate and Aliquat 336 in AMSCO and Ammonium Nitrate Medium

Abstract The synergic extraction of Sm and Gd using a mixture of tri-butyl phosphate and Aliquat 336 is presented. The influence of diluents, salting out agents and acidity on the synergic extractions have been investigated. The separation factor of Sm and Gd was found to be larger than 3. This is one of the best systems for the separation of Sm and Gd. NH4NO3 was found to be extracted by pure TBP or pure Aliquat 336, but cannot be extracted by a mixture of TBP and Aliquat 336.

ChemInform Abstract: SYNERGIC EXTRACTION OF PRASEODYMIUM BY MIXTURES OF TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 10, Issue 30 Physical Inorganic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: SYNERGIC EXTRACTION OF PRASEODYMIUM BY MIXTURES OF TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT I. DUKOV, I. DUKOVSearch for more papers by this authorG. KASSABOV, G. KASSABOVSearch for more papers by this authorL. GENOV, L. GENOVSearch for more papers by this author I. DUKOV, I. DUKOVSearch for more papers by this authorG. KASSABOV, G. KASSABOVSearch for more papers by this authorL. GENOV, L. GENOVSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 24, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197930016AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue30July 24, 1979 RelatedInformation

Synergistische Extraktion von Praseodym mit Mischungen aus Tributylphosphat und quatern�rem Ammoniumsalz

The synergic extraction of praseodymium by mixtures of tributylphosphate and Aliquat-336 (nitrate, thiocyanate and perchlorate forms) has been investigated. The composition of the extracted complexes has been determined. The influence of the employed solvents and the different forms of the quaternary ammonium salt are discussed.

The radiolysis of dodecane-tributylphosphate solutions

Tributylphosphate (TBP), dodecane, and mixtures of TBP and dodecane were irradiated at an absorbed dose rate of about 5.0×10 16 eV/g · min with absorbed doses of 6.1×10 18 eV/g to 1.75 × 10 20 eV/g. The irradiated samples were analyzed for gaseous products noncondensible at 161 K and acid products from TBP. The gaseous products observed were hydrogen and methane and the acid products were dibutyl phosphate (DBP) and monobutyl phosphate (MBP). The average yield of hydrogen from dodecane was, G(H 2) = 6.71, G(H 2) from TBP was 2.02, and G(acid) from TBP was 3.71. Deviation from mixture law was observed for the yields of hydrogen and acid products for the mixtures of TBP and dodecane. Sensitized decomposition of TBP is indicated.