Te Mixtures Research Articles

ChemInform Abstract: Ga2SbCl7O — A Molecular Gallium Antimony Chloride Oxide Synthesized from a GaCl3 Melt.

AbstractColorless, highly hygroscopic crystals of the title compound are synthesized from a mixture of Sb, SbCl3, Sb2O3, GaCl3, and Te (glass ampule, Ar, 6 x 10‐2 mbar, 50 °C, 19 d).

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Ternary Telluroargentate K4[Ag18Te11

AbstractThe title compound is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of Ag(OAc), K2Te, and elemental Te in en (autoclave, 160 °C, 5 d, 30% yield).

ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Clathrate of Type‐III Ge172‐xPxTey (y ≈ 21.5, x ≈ 2y): Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties.

AbstractGe129.3P42.7Te21.53 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of GeP, Ge, and Te (sealed silica tubes, 953 K, 72 h, further annealing in the presence of phosphorus at 873 K, 120 h, ≈1 bar P partial pressure).

In vitro immunotoxicology of quantum dots and comparison with dissolved cadmium and tellurium

The increasing use of products derived from nanotechnology has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, especially at the immunocompetence level in organisms. This study compared the immunotoxicity of cadmium sulfate/cadmium telluride (CdS/Cd-Te) mixture quantum dots (QDs) and their dissolved components, cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )/sodium telluride (NaTeO3 ) salts, and a CdCl2 /NaTeO3 mixture on four animal models commonly used in risk assessment studies: one bivalve (Mytilus edulis), one fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and two mammals (mice and humans). Our results of viability and phagocytosis biomarkers revealed that QDs were more toxic than dissolved metals for blue mussels. For other species, dissolved metals (Cd, Te, and Cd-Te mixture) were more toxic than the nanoparticles (NPs). The most sensitive species toward QDs, according to innate immune cells, was humans (inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 217 μg/mL). However, for adaptative immunity, lymphoblastic transformation in mice was decreased for small QD concentrations (EC50 = 4 μg/mL), and was more sensitive than other model species tested. Discriminant function analysis revealed that blue mussel hemocytes were able to discriminate the toxicity of QDs, Cd, Te, and Cd-Te mixture (Partial Wilk's λ = 0.021 and p < 0.0001). For rainbow trout and human cells, the immunotoxic effects of QDs were similar to those obtained with the dissolved fraction of Cd and Te mixture. For mice, the toxicity of QDs markedly differed from those observed with Cd, Te, and dissolved Cd-Te mixture. The results also suggest that aquatic species responded more differently than vertebrates to these compounds. The results lead to the recommendation that mussels and mice were most able to discriminate the effects of Cd-based NPs from the effects of dissolved Cd and Te at the immunocompetence level.

ChemInform Abstract: Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties of AgIn5Te8.

AbstractAgIn5Te8 is synthesized by reactive melting of a stoichiometric mixture of Ag, In, and Te (C‐coated evacuated fused silica tube, 1073 K, 6 h).

ChemInform Abstract: Homo‐ and Heterovalent Substitutions in the New Clathrates I Si30P16Te8‐xSex and Si30+xP16‐xTe8‐xBrx: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermoelectric Properties.

AbstractThe new title clathrates are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Si, P, Te, Se, and TeBr4 (sealed quartz tube, 1173—1373 K, 96—168 h).

ChemInform Abstract: [Te8][NbOCl4]2 Containing an Infinite Chain‐Like {[Te—Te—Te—(Te5)]2+}n Polycation.

AbstractTranslucent black crystals of the title compound are obtained from mixtures of Te, NbCl5, and NbOCl3 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl (Ar filled glass ampules, 423 K, 14 d; 30% yield).

ChemInform Abstract: A Wheel‐Shaped Indium—Telluride Nanocluster [In18Te30(dach)6]6‐: Its Formation and Structure.

AbstractThe new compound [Mn(dach)3]2 [In18Te30(dach)6] ·2Hdach·H2O (I) (dach: 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of InCl3, Mn, and Te in a 7:3 mixture of dach and H2O (pyrex tube, 140 °C, 4 d, 40% yield).

ChemInform Abstract: An Iridium‐Stabilized, Formally Uncharged Te10 Molecule with 3‐Center—4‐Electron Bonding.

AbstractBlack crystals of Ir2Te14Cl14 are prepared in high yield by solid state reaction of a mixture of Ir, Te, and TeCl4 in the molar ratio 1:5.6:2.6 (quartz ampule, 250 °C, 7 d).

ChemInform Abstract: [Te8]2[Ta4O4Cl16]: A Two‐Dimensional Tellurium Polycation Obtained via Ionic Liquid‐Based Synthesis.

AbstractBlack crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of Te, TeCl4, TaOCl3, and TaCl5 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl (sealed glass tubes,190 °C, 10 d; ≈35% yield).

Electrical Properties of Molten CuCl–Cu2Te Mixtures

The electrical conductivity σ and the thermoelectric power S of molten (CuCl) 1- c (Cu 2 Te) c mixtures are measured as a function of composition and temperature. The electrical conductivity of the mixtures decreases rapidly with the addition of CuCl to liquid Cu 2 Te. The thermoelectric power of molten (CuCl) 1- c (Cu 2 Te) c mixtures shows a smooth increase with increasing composition of CuCl. The experimental results suggest that the dominant transport process in the molten (CuCl) 1- c (Cu 2 Te) c mixtures changes from electronic conduction to ionic conduction. The composition dependences of σ and S were analyzed using the fundamental equation of electrical current densities due to electrons and ions. According to this analysis, the conductivity gap increases gradually upon the addition of CuCl to liquid Cu 2 Te and the conductivity gap is about 0.55 eV for molten (CuCl) 0.4 (Cu 2 Te) 0.6 mixture.

ChemInform Abstract: A Bismuth‐Stabilized Metal‐Rich Telluride Lu9Bi≈1.0Te≈1.0 — Synthesis and Characterization.

AbstractThe title phase is synthesized by arc‐melting of Lu and BiTe (obtained by heating a 1:1 molar mixture of Bi and Te at 800 °C for 12 h) followed by annealing at 1070 °C for 15 d (up to 90 vol.% yield).

Structural evolution of an Al–Te mixture during ball milling

An Al–Te mixture was mechanically alloyed with a planetary ball mill, and the structural evolution of the Al–Te mixture during ball milling was characterized by X-ray diffractiometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermodynamic computation. Although crystalline α-Al 2Te 3 was synthesized in the initial stage of milling, but the final product is a metastable Al 2Te 3 − δ (Space group: Fm 3¯m) with lattice parameter a = 5.925 Å. The metastable Al 2Te 3 − δ decomposes into Al and Te at about 140 °C.

Metal‐Complex‐Decorated Homochiral Heterobimetallic Telluride Single‐Stranded Helix.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Metal-Complex-Decorated Homochiral Heterobimetallic Telluride Single-Stranded Helix

Solvothermal reaction of a mixture of Sn, Mn, and Te at 200 degrees C using teta as the solvent yields a novel inorganic-organic hybrid solid [Mn(teta)(en)].[Mn(teta)][Mn(SnTe4)2.Mn(teta)] (teta=triethylenetetramine and en=ethylenediamine; 1), which has a homochiral single-stranded helical structure. The material is a semiconductor with a band gap of 0.88 eV and shows paramagnetic behavior between 2 and 300 K.

La2TeI2: A New Layered Telluride Iodide with Unusual Electrical Properties

A new layered metal-rich telluride halide, La2TeI2, has been synthesized by heating stoichiometric mixtures of LaI3, La, and Te under argon at 900 degrees C, and its structure has been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the 3R-Lu2CCl2 structure type (rhombohedral space group R(-)3m with a = 4.5074(4) A, c = 32.528(2) A, and Z = 3). The crystal structure is composed of infinite layers of edge-sharing, Te-centered metal atom octahedra and iodine atoms separating these layers to form three close-packed I-Ln-Te-Ln-I slabs within the unit cell. The title compound is metallic at room temperature and exhibits an anomaly in the resistivity around 140 K which is closely related to changes in the a lattice parameter with temperature. The chemical bonding and metallic properties of La2TeI2 can be plausibly understood in terms of an ionic description (Ln3+)2Te2-(I-)2(e)2 where two electrons are delocalized in the La 5d conduction band.

Laboratory Investigation of the Toxicity and Interaction of Pesticide Mixtures in Daphnia magna

The probabilistic ecological risk assessment-toxic equivalent (PERA-TE) combination approach is a relatively new risk assessment approach used to assess the toxicity and interaction of chemical mixtures. The validity and effectiveness of the PERA-TE combination approach has been tested previously in field microcosm studies using pesticide mixtures. The related laboratory studies described here, using Daphnia magna, were conducted to verify the conclusions made regarding the toxicity and interaction of the mixtures tested in the microcosms. Two types of pesticide mixture were assessed: the first consisted of pesticides with similar modes of action (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and azinphos-methyl; OP mixture), and the second consisted of pesticides with different modes of action (chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and trifluralin; CET mixture). Similar to the field studies, PERA-TE mixtures with a predetermined effect assessment criterion (10th centile of acute toxicity effects distributions) and proportional ratio (89:11 for binary mixture and 80:10:10 for ternary mixtures) were tested. Further assessment of the (PERA-) TE approach was achieved by altering the effect assessment criterion (to EC/LC(50) point estimates) and the proportional ratio of the pesticides in the mixture (to 50:25:25). Generally, but with some exceptions, basing mixtures on species-specific effect criteria and/or changing the proportional ratio of pesticides in the mixture redistributed the concentration of pesticides in the mixture to produce an equitoxic response. The ability to produce these equitoxic responses supported the conclusions drawn from the field studies: The pesticide toxicity in the OP and CET PERA-TE mixtures were effectively additive. Furthermore, it is shown that these alternative (PERA-) TE mixtures would be suitable to confirm or reject the interaction of chemicals in a PERA-TE mixture.

Output characteristics of the high-power microwave generated from a coaxial vircator with a bar reflector in a drift region

Numerical simulation studies of a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator with and without a bar reflector have been performed by the three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code, MAGIC. Also, the experimental studies are performed in our high-power microwave pulser, "Chundoong" to compare with numerical results. It consists of a cylindrical anode-mesh, a coaxial type cathode, and a bar reflector. Results show that the output microwave mode without a reflector is shown to be a mixture of TE and TM modes and the output microwave frequency has a narrow bandwidth and a main frequency is about 3.38 GHz from a coaxial vircator without a bar reflector. But the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode with its frequency of 3.34 GHz is shown to be dominant for the coaxial vircator with a bar reflector. It is found in this experiment that the output microwave power sensitively depends upon the position of a bar reflector

Optical Absorption and Valence Band Photoemission from Uncapped CdTe Nanocrystals

CdTe nanocrystals have been successfully fabricated by a mechanical alloying process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrate that a single-phase CdTe compound with a zinc blende structure has been formed after ball milling elemental Cd and Te mixture powders for 27 h. The large broadening effect for the width of the {111} diffraction peak of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals on smaller size was observed in slowly scanned XRD patterns. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum was used to study the surface of the uncapped CdTe nanocrystals within both core level and valence band regions. The presence of tellurium oxide film on the surface of the uncapped CdTe nanocrystals has been detected in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the Te 3d core level, which was comparable to the observed amorphous oxide thin layer on the surface of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals in a high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image. The energy of the valence band maximum for uncapped CdTe powders blue shifts to the higher energy side with smaller particle sizes. In UV-visible optical absorption spectra of the suspension solution containing uncapped CdTe nanocrystals, the absorption peaks were locating within the ultraviolet region, which shifted toward the higher energy side with prolonged ball milling time. Both blue shifts of valence band maximum energy and absorption peaks with decreasing particle size provide a unique pathway to reveal the quantum confinement effect of uncapped CdTe nanocrystals.

Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition of indium telluride thin films from {In(μ-Te)[N(iPr2PTe)2]}3

Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) studies using {M(μ-Te)[N(iPr2PTe)2]}3 (M = In, Ga) were carried out on glass and Si(100) substrates at deposition temperatures between 325–475 °C. Black, adherent films were obtained in all cases and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX and Raman spectroscopy. The indium precursor gave cubic In2Te3 exclusively, whereas the gallium complex generated a mixture of cubic Ga2Te3, monoclinic GaTe and hexagonal Te. Mass spectrometric studies indicate that fragmentation of the indium precursor to give In2Te3 is accompanied by the formation of In[N(iPr2PTe)2]2+ and [N(iPr2PTe)2]2−.