Mixture Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plant mixtures and immunostimulants on the immune response, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic health of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tea polyphenols (TP) and medicinal plant mixtures (Astragalus membranaceus + Lonicera japonica, Rheum officinale Bail + Scutellaria baicalensis + Platycladus orientalis) combined with astaxanthin (AST), benzoic acid (BA), and yeast complex on the health status of Eriocheir sinensis. A total of 630 crabs (male crabs: 41.51 ± 1.63 g; female crabs: 47.27 ± 0.79 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups with three replicates (male: female, 1:1). These crabs were fed as follows for 8 weeks: basal diet (M1), M2 (M1 + 100 mg/kg TP), M3 (M1 + 2.0 g/kg A. membranaceus + 20 g/kg L. japonica), M4 (M1 + 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail + 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis + 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis), and M5, M6, M7 (M2, M3 and M4 with 600 mg/kg AST +1.0 g/kg BA + 20 mg/kg yeast complex added, respectively). The results showed that the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysosome (LZM) in the hemolymph were significantly increased in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), and the highest phagocytosis index (PI) and LZM activity were observed in M7 of female crabs. Moreover, the antioxidant indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) of hepatopancreas were also significantly improved in M5, M6, and M7 (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, a morphological examination also showed the improved histological structure of hepatopancreas in M7, especially as seen in the clear lumens, no vacuolation, and integrity of the basal membrane of the hepatopancreatic tubule. Taken together, these results suggested that 2.5 g/kg R. officinale Bail, 1.5 g/kg S. baicalensis, and 1.0 g/kg P. orientalis in combination with 600 mg/kg AST, 1.0 g/kg BA, and 20 mg/kg yeast complex could improve the non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic health of E. sinensis.

Effects of Dietary Zinc and/or an Herbal Mixture on Intestinal Microbiota and Barrier Integrity in Lambs

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the impact of feed supplementation with organic zinc and/or a medicinal plants mixture on the composition and enzymatic activity of intestinal microflora as well as on the duodenal and jejunal barrier integrity in lambs. A total of 28 lambs were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments (n = 7) and were fed an unsupplemented basal diet (BD), or the BD enriched with organic Zn (Zn, 70 mg/kg diet), an herbal mixture (Herbmix, 100 g/day) or a combination of both additives (Zn+Herbmix). The Herbmix contained 33% each of Fumaria officinalis, Malva sylvestris, Matricaria chamomilla and 1% Artemisia absinthium. No significant effect on the fecal microbiota composition was observed due to the 35-day or 70-day dietary treatment. The intake of Zn alone resulted in decreased bacterial enzyme activities, such as β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase. The transepithelial electrical resistance of the small intestinal mucosa was not influenced by the dietary treatment, whereas simultaneous feeding of Zn and Herbmix exhibited higher claudin-1 and occludin levels in the jejunal mucosa. These results indicate that dietary intake of organic zinc and/or medicinal plants in the mentioned dosage did not alter the diversity of intestinal bacteria in growing lambs but did significantly influence bacterial enzyme activity. Supplementing the zinc and herbs combination showed the potential to regulate intestinal permeability by increasing the level of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa.

The synergistic effects of four medicinal plant seeds and chelated minerals on the growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Trace minerals are essential for the normal functioning of all living organisms. In addition, the positive effects of several medicinal plants have been demonstrated in aquaculture. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a mixture of medicinal plants and test the synergistic effects of medicinal plants and chelated minerals on fish growth and immunity. Thus, in the present experiment we evaluated the combined effects of a commercial chelated mineral source (BonzaFish®) and a mixture of 4 medicinal plants including caraway (Carum carvi), green cumin (Cuminum cyminum), dill (Anethum graveolens), and anise (Pimpinella anisum). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (n=225) were fed with five formulated diets, including a control diet (basal diet), Bonza (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®), Z-5 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+5g/kg mixture of plant seeds), Z-10 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+10g/kg mixture of plant seeds), Z-20 (basal diet+1g/kg BonzaFish®+20g/kg mixture of plant seeds) for 6 weeks. In diets including BonzaFish®, 50% of the inorganic mineral premix was replaced by BonzaFish®. Results revealed that fish receiving the Z-20 diet showed the best performance in terms of growth parameters, followed by the Bonza treatment (P<0.05). The highest protease activity was found in Z-5 and Z-10. RBCs were highest in Z-5, while the highest WBCs and hemoglobin were found in the Bonza treatment followed by Z-20. Stress biomarkers were lowest in the Z-20 treatment. Results showed that Z-20 could elicit the most robust immunological responses of lysozyme activity, ACH50, total Ig, C3, and C4. In conclusion, chelated minerals could be successfully used to replace 50% of mineral premix with no negative impacts on fish growth and together with four medicinal plants, could enhance rainbow trout overall growth performance and immunity.

Efficacy of an Herbal Preparation (Atomy's HemoHIM®) against Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Despite the standard guideline recommendations to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), it has remained one of the common lung infections in the intensive care unit (ICU). This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of HemoHIM®, a mixture of traditional Korean medicinal plants, on preventing VAP in ICU patients. This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients with a clinical pulmonary infection score of VAP ≤6 in the first 48 h of ventilation. Patients in the intervention group received a packet of HemoHIM daily and orally for 7 days in addition to standard prevention strategies. However, in the control group, only standard prevention strategies were carried out. All patients were followed daily for VAP incidence for 14 days. The overall VAP incidence was 36.4 and 57.4 episodes per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P = 0.041; odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval = 0.070-0.944). The median length of mechanical ventilation during study follow-up was significantly lower in the intervention than in the control group (P = 0.033). The number of pneumonia-free days during the study was considerably higher in the intervention group (P value of the log-rank test = 0.023). According to the results of this study, the HemoHIM herbal supplement had beneficial effects in preventing the occurrence of VAP and significantly reduced the incidence of pneumonia in the intervention group. Further comprehensive research is required to draw more accurate conclusions.

Antibody response and abomasal histopathology of lambs with haemonchosis during supplementation with medicinal plants and organic selenium

We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plants (Herbmix) or organic selenium (Selplex) on the immune responses and histopathology of lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-seven lambs were infected and reinfected with approximately 11,000 third-stage larvae of H. contortus during the experiment (on days 0, 49 and 77). Lambs were divided into two supplemented experimental groups (Herbmix and Selplex) and unsupplemented group (Control). The abomasal worm counts at necropsy on day 119 were lower for Herbmix (4230) and Selplex group (3220) than to the Control (6613) which resulted in 51.3% and 36.0% of reduction, respectively. The mean length of adult female worms was in the order Control > Herbmix > Selplex (2.1, 2.08, and 2.01 cm, respectively). The specific IgG response against adults was significantly affected by time (P < 0.001). Serum-specific and total mucus levels of IgA in the Herbmix group were highest on day 15. Mean levels of serum IgM against adults were influenced by treatment (P = 0.048) and time (P < 0.001). The Herbmix group had strong local inflammation in the abomasal tissue, with the formation of lymphoid aggregates and the infiltration of immune cells, but the tissues of the Selplex group had higher numbers of eosinophils, globule leukocytes, and plasma cells. The lymph nodes of each animal had reactive follicular hyperplasia due to the infection. Dietary nutritional supplementation with a mixture of medicinal plants or organic selenium could improve local immune responses and thus enhance the resistance of animals to this parasitic infection.

Effects of Cow Urine and Medicinal Plants as Seed Treatment on Germination Rate and Growth of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)

The cow is considered a divine animal in the Hindu culture. Many useful products like Milk, Cow dung, urine of the cow is used for various purposes. In Vedas, (Ancient Hindu texts), Cow urine has been given a lot of importance. It isalso called as Amrita, The beverage of Immortality. Cow urine and extract of the leaves of medicinal plants have a very positive effect on overall growth of the plants and as a result, there is an increase in the height of the plant, stem girth, number of branches and number of plants leaf if subjected to their treatment. The plant chosen for this study were Cluster bean(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)and Fenugreek( Trigonella foenum graecum).The plants were grown for 15 days using different concentration of mixture of cow urine and medicinal plants i.e control, 1: 9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5. Seeds of both the plants were soaked for different time period, i.e 12 hours,24 hours,36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours. The result observed after the experiments were as follows 1:9 concentration solution and seeds soaked for 12 hours showed maximum growth as compared to others. Also 2:8 concentration solution and seeds soaked for 12 hours showed maximum growth in Fenugreek. This study concludes that mixture of cow urine and medicinal plants can be used as a plant growth enhancer and produces healthy seedlings.

Cinnamomum sp. and Pelargonium odoratissimum as the Main Contributors to the Antibacterial Activity of the Medicinal Drink Horchata: A Study Based on the Antibacterial and Chemical Analysis of 21 Plants.

Horchata, a herbal infusion drink from Ecuador containing a mixture of medicinal plants, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, and antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity of each of the plants contained in the horchata mixture has not been fully evaluated. Thus, in this study, we analysed the antibacterial activity of 21 plants used in horchata, collected from the Ecuadorian Andes region, against bacterial strains of clinical importance. The methanolic extract of Cinnamomum sp. showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while Pelargonium odoratissimum exhibited a MIC value of 500 µg/mL towards S. aureus ATCC25923. The high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) analyses identified in Cinnamomum sp. epicatechin tannins, cinnamaldehyde, and prehelminthosporol molecules, whereas in P. odoratissimum, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin tannins, some flavonoids, and gallic acid and derivatives were identified. Finally, Cinnamomum sp. and P. odoratissimum showed partial inhibition of biofilm formation of S. aureus ATCC25923 and MRSA. Overall, our findings revealed which of the plants used in horchata are responsible for the antibacterial activity attributed to this herbal drink and exhibit the potential for Cinnamomum sp. and P. odoratissimum secondary metabolites to be explored as scaffolds in drug development.

Does in Vitro and in Vivo Exposure To Medicinal Herbs Cause Structural Cuticular Changes in Haemonchus Contortus?

The health and production of small ruminants in constantly menaced by parasitic infections, especially those caused by the blood-sucking gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The aim of this study was to assess the structural cuticular changes in adult H. contortus induced by the use of extracts from local medicinal plants and to examine their ovicidal activity. Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of herbal mixtures in preventing haemonchosis in lambs by lowering fecal egg production and improving immunocompetence. We exposed adult H. contortus to Herbmix (a mixture of medicinal plants) under in vivo and in vitro conditions for observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the in vivo observations, adult worms were isolated from the abomasa of experimentally infected lambs from a Herbmix group and a control group. Surface structure did not differ significantly between the exposed and control groups. The ovicidal activity of an aqueous Herbmix extract was assessed in vitro, establishing the inhibition of hatching with an ED50 of 6.52 mg/mL. Adult worms for in vitro examination were isolated from experimentally infected lambs and incubated in Herbmix aqueous extracts for 24 h. SEM observations indicated that none of the worms had prominent ultrastructural changes on their cuticles. This study suggests that previously demonstrated antiparasitic effects of medicinal plants did not negatively affect adult parasites by damaging their external structures.

Mixtures of medicinal plants from caatinga: Basis for further bioprospecting studies

The use of mixtures of medicinal plants, when compared to the therapeutic objective of a particular plant, can show greater effectiveness in the cure or treatment of disorders or potentiate harmful effects to an organism. The present study aimed to verify the indications of medicinal plants, alone and in association. Ethnobotanical information was obtained through semi-structured interviews, using the snowball technique, collecting information related to preparation, part of the plant used and therapeutic purposes of the mixtures. The experts highlighted a total of 58 mixtures indicated for 41 diseases grouped into ten body systems, among which respiratory system disorders covered a more significant number of mixtures (28) and obtained the second largest consensus among the informants (ICF = 0.44). Symptoms in this category included flu and cough with higher indications and higher frequency of use in associations for Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. The Index of Taxon Usefulness in Mixtures (ITUM) ranged from 0.14 to 1.00. A total of 14 species showed values equal to 1.00, observed only in mixtures, highlighting Allium cepa L. with more indications of use. The mixtures showed no toxicity in the study. However, it is possible to observe some species with individual use that may confer antagonistic effects depending on their administration and dosage. Therefore, the results of this research show that the mixtures most used by the community are prepared with an association of two to three plants. The mixtures have more restricted indications of use, demonstrating specificity in the treatment of illness. Further pharmacological bioprospecting studies are needed to confirm and validate the therapeutic benefit of these medicinal plant associations. • Knowledge of the benefits of using medicinal plant mixtures. • Identification of medicinal plant species rich in ethno-pharmacological knowledge with high potential for economic development through sustainable. • Therapeutic preparations exploring species of the local biodiversity as an alternative to the local health care system .

Effect of herbal preparation HemoHIM on fatigue level and exercise performance: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial

IntroductionThe herbal preparation HemoHIM, which is a mixture of traditional Korean medicinal plants, has been proven effective in enhancing exercise performance and reducing fatigue levels in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue levels and exercise performance in healthy human adults. MethodsNinety-six adults with fatigue were recruited for this study. In visit 1, maximal oxygen consumption was measured using a cycle ergometer test to assess eligibility. Participants were randomly assigned to the HemoHIM group (HG, n = 48) or the placebo group (PG, n = 48) in visit 2. Each participant consumed HemoHIM or a placebo twice per day for 8 weeks and visited the laboratory four times. Body composition, vital signs, dietary intake, fatigue level (fatigue severity scale, [FSS]), cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, blood biomarkers, and adverse events were measured at each visit. ResultsHemoHIM significantly decreased the FSS scores compared to that of the PG at visit 3 (P=.019); this decrease was maintained until visit 4 (P=.002). The exercise distance to exhaustion in the HG significantly increased compared to that in the PG (P=.040). HemoHIM significantly increased lactate and creatinine levels immediately after the ergometer test (lactate P=.011, creatinine P=.019) and 30 min after the test (lactate P=.036, creatinine P=.002) compared to that in the PG. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that HemoHIM reduced fatigue levels and improved exercise duration. The findings may have potential applications in the nutritional supplement industry in the future. Trial registrationThis study was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service: KCT0004905.

The Supplementary Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Mixtures on the Productive Performance of Saidi Lambs

The Supplementary Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Mixtures on the Productive Performance of Saidi Lambs

Herbal Supplementation to Improve Management of Diabetes Mellitus Patient Care: Current Progress

Diabetes affects millions of patients round the world, with dancing complications, inclusion, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathie and rétinopathie. Howe ver, the progression of type 2 diabetes mellites might be slowed down and its health impact limited. Nevetheless, current anti-diabetic treatments have limitations and is not Enugu to significantly improve the cardiovascular prognosis of diabetic patients. This work focus on herbal supplement and nutrition as potentiel thérapies for type 2 diabètes mellitus. Actually, Herbal and nutritional supplémentation is required in the management of diabétiques patients, a binding shared unanimously by scientists. Récent diabetologists have come to the évidence that a therapeutic supplement consisting of nutrients and herbal is necessary to optimize the treatment of diabetes. The treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, winch is very often Associate with overweight, is based on hygiene and dietetic measures and, where appropriate, on taking oral antidiabetics. This review describes the therapeutic arsenal of conventionnel oral antidiabetic drugs and emphasizes on innovative therapeutic option introduction herba medicine and nutrition to the management of diabetic patients. Recent studies showed interesting potential in the reduction of blood sugar for many herbal for example Cinnamon, also berberine has been linked to the reduction of blood glucose levels, insulin levels and showed to be as effective as metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for diabetics, at controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics. Moreover, a medicinal plant or herbal mixture can provide multi-targeted therapeutic action due to its complex chemical composition with hundreds of active ingredients such as oligosaccharides, alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and at the same time ensure safety for the patients. We conclude by the fact that herbal and nutritional supplementation can bring major and promising progress in order to improve the patient care, by slowing the progression of type 2 diabetes and limiting its complications.

Naturoestheticotherapy, Based on E-Coaching with Food Cosmetic Remedy Prepared from Medicinal Plants and Essential Oils Mixtures, Alone or in Combination of Conventional Medicines to Treat Covid-19 Patients and Symptoms.

Introduction: This is the first study to evaluate the family (30) members (98) practice combining specific lifestyle with the use of medicinal plants based on EOM and conventional medicines. Clinical observation procedures: A considered multi-centric, controlled and single-blind, phase two clinical trial was realized to patients consulted and received in the Antananarivo Naturoestheticotherapy e-Coaching cabinet of Gasy Products Services and those from Covid-19 Treatment Centers, respectively, during twenty-two months: from May 1st, 2020 to March 1st, 2022. Patients were recommended to follow a specific alimentation and behavior lifestyle. Food Cosmetic Remedy, based on medicinal plant and essential oil mixtures with patient’s optional conventional medicines were given to those presenting Covid-19 principal symptom, such as breath shortness accompanied other indicated symptoms or confirmed medical diagnoses/tests. Outcomes and conclusion: Inhalation of EOM were immediately stopped breath shortness, combining medicinal plants based on essential oil and conventional medicines was psychologically help and physically reinforce the organism to improve Covid-19 symptoms. Food Cosmetic Remedy (combination of medicinal plant and essential oil mixtures) was quickly recovered patients from principal symptoms and reduced time care and long-Covid-19 period. No patient death was registered during the studied observation period.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Mixed Powder of Medicinal Plants on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Chemical Composition, and Meat Quality of Pigs

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a medicinal plant mixture (MP) (60% Bindens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus Cinnamomi, and 5% Illicium verum Hook. f.) as a feed additive to promote the growth performance and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)), with initial live body weights of 30.3 ± 1.42kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, with three replicates of each group and four animals per replicate. The experimental pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with MP powder at 0, 20, 40, or 60 g kg-1 of feed (T0, T20, T40, and T60) for 15 weeks. The growth performance, carcass quality parameters, chemical composition, fatty acids, and cholesterol contents of the pig meat were measured. There were no statistical differences (P&gt; 0.05) in the final live body weight, overall average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the control and MP treatments. MP supplementation significantly increased the protein content (P = 0.02) and decreased the cholesterol content (P = 0.04) of raw longissimus dorsi muscle. The obtained results indicate that the dietary MP supplementation tested could have the potential to improve meat quality and decrease the cholesterol content in pork with no adverse effects on the growth performance.

Diabetes mellitus quality care management: The promise of herbal supplementation

Overcoming diabetes is a major health challenge of the 21st century. WHO predicts that by 2030 it will be the seventh leading cause of death in the world and calls for global action to stop its rise and improve care. Actually, Herbal and nutritional supplementation is required in the management of diabetic patients, a finding shared unanimously by scientists. Recently diabetologists have come to the evidence that a therapeutic supplement consisting of nutrients and herbal is necessary to optimize the treatment of diabetes. The treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is very often associated with overweight, is based on hygiene and dietetic measures and, where appropriate, on taking oral antidiabetics .This review describes the therapeutic arsenal of conventional oral antidiabetic drugs and emphasizes on innovative therapeutic option introducing herbal medicine and nutrition to the management of diabetic patients. Recent studies showed interesting potential in the reduction of blood sugar for many herbal for example Cinnamon, also berberine has been linked to the reduction of blood glucose levels, insulin levels and showed to be as effective as metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug for diabetics, at controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics. Moreover, a medicinal plant or herbal mixture can provide multi-targeted therapeutic action due to its complex chemical composition with hundreds of active ingredients such as oligosaccharides, alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and at the same time ensure safety for the patients. We conclude by the fact that herbal and nutritional supplementation can bring major and promising progress in order to improve the patient care, by slowing the progression of type 2 diabetes and limiting its complications.

Effects of medicinal plants mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota in growing pigs.

Background and Aim:Alternative natural materials to antibiotics for improving digestive health and growth performance are needed due to strengthening regulations related to the use of antibiotic growth promoters. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants mixture (60% Bidens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus cinnamomi, and 5% Star anise) as alternative growth promotors on animal health, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and growth performance of growing pigs.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted, from April 2020 to June 2020, at a private pig production farm located in Cam Giang district Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. Forty-eight 10-week-old crossbred (♂Duroc×♀ [Landrace×Yorkshire]) pigs, average initial body weight 30.3±1.42 kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, three replicate pens per experimental group, with 4 pigs/pen. For 7 weeks, the pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with the mixture at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 g/kg of feed.Results:Final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy were not significantly influenced by the diets (p>0.05). Inclusion of the plant mixture decreased significantly red blood cell count, blood cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p<0.05) compared with the control diet. No diet effect was observed on fecal Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and total bacteria counts.Conclusion:The incorporation of the plant mixture into the diet of growing pigs reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and urea concentrations with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.

Effect of turmeric and garlic supplementation to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves containing diet on fat deposition and broiler meat composition

This study aimed to examine the effect of turmeric and garlic inclusion to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves (FSBL) containing diet on fat deposition, and chemical composition of broiler meats. Two hundred 15-day-old female broilers were distributed into 5 treatment groups with 4 replications as follows. Control feeds with commercial feed additive (T0); Feeds with 1.25% FSBL (T1); Feed with FSBL plus 1 g turmeric (T2); Feed with FSBL plus 2 g garlic (T3); Feed with FSBL plus 1 g of turmeric and 2 g garlic (T4). It was shown that the fat deposition in the abdomen was significantly affected (P&lt;0.01). Furthermore, the inclusion of turmeric and garlic to FSBL containing diet did not affect fat, protein, moisture and ash contents, but increased arginine, methionine and histidine (P&lt;0.01). The addition of turmeric and/or garlic to the FSBL containing diet significantly influenced lauric acid, myristic acid, linolenic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid, cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (P&lt;0.05), n-3 fatty acid and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio (P&lt;0.01). In conclusion, turmeric plus garlic supplementation improved amino acid profiles and changed fatty acid profiles. The possible interaction should be considered when we formulated feed additive from medicinal plant mixtures

A 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity evaluation and a 4-week recovery evaluation of the Sam So Eum (SSE) in male and female rats

Ethnophamacological relevanceSam So Eum (SSE), used in traditional Korean medicine, has been prescribed for the treatment of various ailments including emesis, and fever for centuries. SSE is known by several different names (Shen Su Yin in traditional Chinese medicine; Jin So In traditional Japanese Kampo medicine). It is a mixture of medicinal plants including Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Studies have revealed that SSE has many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-allergic properties, but its toxic effects have not been evaluated in vivo. Recently, the use of traditional medicinal herbs to treat various diseases has increased, owing to increased number of studies supporting their efficacy. However, safety evaluations for toxicity and other adverse effects have not been extensive. It is commonly considered that natural products extracted from traditional medicinal herbs are safer than synthetic drugs, but this lacks a scientific basis. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the toxicity of SSE in male and female rats. Aim of the studyTo evaluated the safety of SSE in male and female rats. Materials and methodsSSE was administered orally for 13 weeks at 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg kg−1·day−1, and then the rats were maintained for 4 weeks without SSE administration (recovery evaluation). ResultsWe observed the animals for changes in clinical signs, including hematological parameters, and food consumption; serum chemistry profiling and urinalysis were also carried out. Creatinine levels in the serum were significantly increased following oral administration of SSE at 2000 and 4000 mg kg−1·day−1 in male and female rats, but returned to the normal levels during the recovery period. In addition, SSE administration does not cause kidney and liver toxicity. Thus, we determined that the no-observed-adverse-effect level of SSE is 4000 mg kg−1·day−1. The no-observed-effect level of SSE was determined to be 1000 mg kg−1·day−1, because serum creatinine was increased by oral administration of SSE at 2000 and 4000 mg kg−1·day−1 in male and female rats. ConclusionsSSE administration does not cause toxicity at 4000 mg kg−1·day−1 in male and female rats.

Synergistic Chemopreventive Effect of Medicinal Plants against Azoxymethane‐induced Oxidative Stress and Colon Carcinogenesis

BackgroundOxidative stress plays an essential role in the development of different types of cancer malignancy, including colon cancer. The protective effect of different medicinal plants against oxidative stress‐mediated colon carcinogenesis has been reported, yet their synergistic effect was not elucidated.ObjectiveThis study investigated the antioxidant potential properties of a mixture of five medicinal plants (Rumex vesicarius, Oxalis corniculate, Pteropyrum scoparium, Moringa peregrine, and Caralluma arabica) in a rat model of colon cancer.MethodsAzoxymethane (AOM), a colon selective carcinogenic agent, was used to induce colon cancer in Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 4 groups, n=10, (Control, AOM‐injected group and the other two groups were fed ad‐libitum for 12 weeks a diet supplemented with a mixture of the five different medicinal plants in the presence or absence of AOM injection). By the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed; colon tissues were excised and homogenized for biochemical measurements of: oxidative DNA damage, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Histopathological examination for colon tissues was also examined for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) development.ResultsAOM induced oxidative stress in the colonic milieu as evidenced by high level of oxidizing DNA, glutathione depletion, and impairment of cellular total antioxidant capacity. In addition, AOM increased the formation of ACF. Meanwhile rats fed with the five medicinal plants mixture showed a protective effect against the AOM‐induced oxidative insult and attenuated the colonic ACF formation.ConclusionThis study revealed that the examined medicinal plants provided a colon specific protection and might be used as a functional dietary bioactive agent in the context of primary prevention of colon cancer.Support or Funding InformationSultan Qaboos university Funding, Internal grant (IG/AGR/FOOD/01/17)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

English

Using plants to treat health problems is an ancient practice that is still practiced today. One way that plants are used to improve health is through medicine bottled (garrafada). A medicine bottled is a homemade mixture of medicinal plants added to a solvent. Medicines bottled are medicinal mixtures that have been widely used, especially by residents of rural areas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the plant species and contents used to prepare medicine bottled by the Bananal Community in the municipality of Rondonopolis/MT/Brazil. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with the residents of the community. Data analysis was descriptive. The study revealed a total of 12 medicine bottled types used by the community, with 27 plant species belonging to 24 genera and 14 families. The most frequently cited families were Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Moraceae, and Bignoniaceae. The most frequently cited species was Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul, known popularly as a mama-cadela; was used in three cited medicine bottled. Some medicine bottled was produced with a single species of medicinal plant and others with three or more. Their therapeutic purposes were diverse, with some medicine bottled indicated to treat one disease and others to treat two or more diseases. It can be concluded that the Bananal community demonstrates knowledge about the plant species used and how to extract their active compounds. The strong historical and cultural context, in addition to the diversity and availability of native plant resources in Brazil, may have perpetuated the use of medicine bottled in the Bananal Community. Key words: Medicinal plants, medicine bottled (garrafada), popular knowledge.