Mixture Of Gentamicin Research Articles

Antibiotic treatment influences outcome in murine sepsis: mediators of increased morbidity.

Different antibiotic treatments may affect the survival and physiological responses of Balb/c mice following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The broad spectrum imipenem (IMP) was compared with a triple antibiotic mixture of gentamicin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin (3AB). Control mice received injections of 5% dextrose (D5W). After CLP with a 25 gauge needle, Mini-Mitters were implanted to measure temperature and activity. Therapy began with 1 mL injections of antibiotics or D5W 2 h post-CLP and continued every 12 h for 3 days. Survival was higher in IMP mice than in 3AB or D5W mice. Starting with the injection 12 h after CLP, 3AB always induced a profound hypothermic response not observed with D5W or IMP. Nocturnal activity levels were higher in IMP mice compared with 3AB or D5W mice during the first night following CLP. To determine the cause of this hypothermic response and to further investigate the acute effects that antibiotic choice may have on murine physiology, the kinetic appearance of IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and KC as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were measured in the plasma and peritoneum of mice sacrificed at 0, .5, and 1.5 h after antibiotic injection at 24 h post-CLP. Cytokine and LPS concentrations in 3AB mice were not significantly different at any of the three time points when compared with IMP or D5W mice. Our data demonstrate that antibiotic therapy consisting of 3AB produces greater morbidity and mortality compared with therapy consisting of IMP. However, the mechanism of these alterations is not due to elevated systemic levels of cytokines or LPS.

Quantitative determination and separation of analogues of aminoglycoside antiobiotcs by high-performance liquid chromatography

Commercial bulk products and pharmaceutical drug formulations of aminoglycoside antibiotics obtained by fermentation (kanamycin, gentamicin, sisomicin and tobramycin) or by synthesis (amikacin) were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography on a C 8 reversed-phase column. The method is based on a pre-column derivatization of the aminoglycosides with a 2,4,6-trinotrobenzenesulphonic acid reagent and UV detection (350 nm). The quantitative determination was carried out vs. an external standard; both peak heights and areas were used. A gentamicin mixture was separated into five or four components, depending on the column used. Amikacin was separated from its possible regioisomers and kanamycin A was easily separated from its minor components B and C.

Studies on the role of microorganisms in the metabolism of dieldrin in the epicuticular wax layer of blowflies Calliphora erythrocephala

Microorganisms which inhabit the surface of blowflies, Calliphora erythorcephala, were identified as Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., and yeasts. These microorganisms were able to metabolize [ 14C]dieldrin incorporated into their culture media. Micrococcus spp. converted up to 29% of the applied dose of dieldrin to its more polar metabolites while the lowest ability to breakdown dieldrin was associated with Streptococcus spp. which metabolized nearly 0.8% of the applied dose. The addition of sesamex into microbial cultures partly inhibited the breakdown of dieldrin. Cuticular microflora of blowflies were controlled by the topical application of a mixture of gentamicin and amphotericin B. Pretreatment of blowflies with these antibiotics blocked dieldrin metabolism, to a certain degree, in the epicuticular wax layer. The formation of some of the metabolites, which were uniquely confined to the external lipid layer of blowflies, was found to be due to the activity of certain microorganisms. Therefore, microorganisms living on the surface of blowflies were found to play a role in the metabolism of topically applied [ 14C]dieldrin. There was a loss in the recovery of the dose of dieldrin applied to blowflies with the lapse of time. This was principally due to its volatilization from treated insects. The volatilization of [ 14C]dieldrin from different surfaces was also studied. The loss of the applied dose of dieldrin from various surfaces was in the order of glass > aluminum > fiberglass > DEAE-cellulose paper > silica gel G.