Mixture Of CuSO4 Research Articles

Catalytic thermolysis treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater collected from effluent treatment plant

AbstractCatalytic thermolysis of petroleum refinery wastewater was investigated as a pretreatment process. Effects of various parameters like temperature, pH, dose of catalyst and time were investigated for chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and element reduction. CuSO4, FeSO4, FeCl3, and 1:1 ratio (v:v) mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 were used as a catalyst. The maximum reduction of COD and turbidity were 90 and 98% by mixture (1:1) of CuSO4 and FeCl3 at 70 °C, 7 pH, 1.0 kg/m3 dose in 90 min reaction time. The removal of an element like Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb was analyzed by ICP-OES. The sludge precipitated after catalytic thermolysis was characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)/derivative thermal analysis (DTA) analyses. Sludge from CuSO4 and mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 treatment has a compact structure with irregular granule which favors adsorption.

One-step direct fabrication of phase-pure Cu2O films via the spin-spray technique using a mixed alkaline solution

The spin-spray technique was used to fabricate phase-pure Cu2O films at 70 °C with a high deposition rate of 0.3 μm/min. The source solution, containing a mixture of CuSO4･5H2O and l-ascorbic acid, and the reaction solution, containing NH3 and NaOH, were sprayed on the rotating substrates. It was possible to control the grain size, the crystalline orientation of the films, the surface morphology, and the optical band gap by adjusting the concentrations of NH3 and NaOH in the reaction solution. The films fabricated with a low NH3 aq. concentration were composed of nanosized grains and highly [111] oriented. On the other hand, films fabricated with a high NH3 aq. concentration were composed of submicron grains and highly [100] oriented. The surface morphologies of the films varied according to the concentration of NaOH. The surface of the films fabricated with a low NaOH concentration were almost flat and had a {100} orientation on their surface. On the other hand, films fabricated with a high NaOH concentration were composed of pyramidal grains. A smaller grain size in the films corresponded with a higher optical band gap.

Influences of Copper/Zinc-Loaded Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Mineral Retention, Intestinal Morphology, Mucosa Antioxidant Capacity, and Cytokine Contents in Weaned Piglets.

The effects of copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) on growth performance, mineral retention, intestinal morphology, mucosa antioxidant capacity, and cytokine contents in weaned piglets were investigated in the present study. One hundred eight piglets weaned at 21 ± 1days of age (Duroc × Landrace× Yorkshire; average initial weight of 6.36kg) were allotted to three treatments for 2weeks. The three treatments were as follows: (1) control group: basal diet; (2) Cu/Zn-Mt group: basal diet + 39mg/kg Cu and 75mg/kg Zn as Cu/Zn-Mt; (3) Cu + Zn + Mt group: basal diet + mixture of CuSO4, ZnSO4, and Mt (equal amount of Cu, Zn, and Mt to the Cu/Zn-Mt group). Each treatment had six pens of six piglets. The results showed that as compared with the control group and the Cu + Zn + Mt group, Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain and the gain/feed ratio; Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the Cu and Zn concentrations in serum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa, villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and IL-10 levels, and decreased the malondialdehyde concentrations in the jejunum and ileum, and intestinal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Moreover, supplementation with the mixture of CuSO4, ZnSO4, and Mt had no effect on the growth performance, but increased the mucosa Cu and Zn concentrations, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in the duodenum, while it had no effect on the above indexes in the jejunum and ileum. The results indicated that Mt could be used as a controlled carrier for Cu and Zn, which made Cu/Zn-Mt have better biological activities in the intestine than the mixture of Cu, Zn, and Mt.

Slow pyrolysis of CCB-treated wood for energy recovery: Influence of chromium, copper and boron on pyrolysis process and optimization

This paper investigates the effect of copper, chromium and boron on the slow pyrolysis of CCB-treated wood. A mixture of softwood has been impregnated with several inorganic salts (individually CuSO4, KCr(SO4)2, B4Na2O7) and with salt of CCB (mixture of CuSO4, KCr(SO4)2 and H3BO3). The weight loss of samples is identified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show a higher mass of final residue and a decrease in degradation temperature on treated wood compared to untreated wood. TGA results also show that, the maximum degradation of CCB treated wood occurs at 300°C. In addition, slow pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale reactor. The pyrolysis products were quantified using analytical balance whereas gases were analyzed by gas chromatography. The trends of weight loss obtained by TGA and by laboratory scale pyrolysis are similar. Furthermore, it is observed that CCB salts inhibit the formation of CO and CO2 but promote that of H2. In the second part of this work, yield of solid pyolysis residue (charcoal) with a high metal content (Cu, Cr, B) has been carried out at 300°C and 370°C during residence time of 20 and 30min. Metals in charcoal are analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Taking into account the energy recovery of by-products, slow pyrolysis at 300°C and 30min appears to be optimal conditions with a high yield of charcoal about 45% and the element recovery is up to 94% of Cu, 100% of Cr and 88% of B.

薬剤と乾熱処理の組み合わせによるウリ科野菜の果実汚斑細菌病菌汚染種子の消毒

A mixture of CuSO4 and acetic acid disinfested wax gourd seeds that had been infested with Acidovorax citrulli more effectively than did ascorbic acid, peroxyacetic acid or a mixture of oxytetracycline, streptomycin and CuSO4. Seeds of melon, cucumber and wax gourd were completely disinfested after a 60-min soak in the mixture followed by dry-heat at 75°C for 4 days without affecting germination. Seeds of brown seed squash, large seed squash and bottle gourd were disinfested by a 60-min soak in the mixture followed by dry-heat at 80°C for 4 days, which caused a small delay in germination. Any treatments of small or white seeds of squash that combined a soak in the chemical mixture with dry heat and effectively disinfested the seeds also inhibited germination.

Elucidation of Abnormal Potential Responses of Cation-Selective Electrodes with Solid-State Membranes to Aqueous Solutions of CuCl2 and CdI2

An empirical solution to abnormal potential responses, showing peaks of emf, of commercial Cu2+- and Cd2+-selective electrodes with solid-state membranes was proposed for aqueous solutions of CuCl2 and CdI2. The two-step processes of Mn+ + Yn? (s: solid phase) MY(s) and MY(s) + 2X? X2MY2?(s) (n = 1, 2) at a test solution/electrode-interface were considered as a model. Here, Mn+, Yn?, and X? refer to a divalent or univalent cation, functional groups of electrode materials, and a halide ion (X? = Cl?, Br?, I?), respectively. By applying electrochemical potentials to these processes at n = 2, we derived an equation. Regression analyses based on the equation reproduced well the plots of emf versus log 2(*[M]t) for the Cd(II) and Cu(II) systems: *[M]t denotes a total concentration of species relevant to M2+ in a bulk of the aqueous solution. Also, we obtained log Ks(CdBr2) = 4.28 ? 0.22, log Ks(CdI2) = 6.98 ? 0.05, log Ks(CuCl2) = 3.96 ? 0.09, and log Ks(CuBr2) = 11.4 at 25?C. The magnitude in ?log Ks reflected that in the logarithmic solubility product, log {*[M2+](*[X?])2}, for bulk water, where *[M2+] or *[X?] denotes a molar concentration of the bulk solu-tion of M2+ or X? at equilibrium, respectively. Moreover, a mixture of CuSO4 with NaCl at the molar ratio of 1:1 yielded a plot similar to that of CuCl2.

Characterization of Electroplated Copper Film Using a Mixture of CuSO4 and CuSiF6 as the Electrolyte

The properties of electroplated Cu films prepared using copper-hexafluoro-silicate , copper sulfate , and their mixtures in different mixing ratios as electrolytes were investigated. We compared the stress, resistivity, self-annealing effect, microstructure, growth rate, impurity, and reliability of the as-deposited electroplated Cu films. We found that electroplated Cu films using a higher fraction of in the electrolyte exhibited lower resistivity, a denser structure, lower stress, and a less-apparent self-annealing effect. A reliability comparison between the and the electroplated Cu films was also conducted. A fixed current was applied through a simple metal line structure at an elevated temperature of . The electroplated films had a longer time-to-failure than the electroplated Cu films.