Mixed Theory Research Articles

Chemical Reduction of Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) Bilayers Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition to Form Adhesive and Low-Resistive Metallic Cu Layers on Glass Substrates

Chemical reductions of Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) and Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayers fabricated on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) was investigated through electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction, and evaluations of the electrical properties and adhesion strength by a tape-peeling test. The potential change during the chemical reduction in NaBH4 aqueous solutions was measured and discussed based on a mixed potential theory using the equilibrium potential calculated with chemical thermodynamics. The sheet resistance decreased from over 1 × 108 W/□ to 0.24 W/□, mainly due to the increase in the thickness, with the resistivity estimated to be 4.8 × 10–6 W cm. The metallic Cu layer showed adhesion strengths of 6.4 and 4.4 N cm−1 for maximum and average values respectively by tape-peeling test, without any detachment, but the Cu sheet peeled off from the glass substrate after the complete chemical reduction of the Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) bilayer. The Cu fragments formed by the chemical reduction of the Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayer peeled off from the glass substrate, but the Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayer showed the adhesion strengths of 6.7 and 4.0 N cm−1 for maximum and average values, respectively, by the tape-peeling test. Both the Cu(OH)2 and Cu(O,S) layers were indispensable to secure the Cu layer on the glass substrate.

Characteristics of rolling interface lubrication considering contact surface textures in mixed lubrication

This study comprehensively utilizes the mixed lubrication theory and rolling deformation theory to establish a finite element stiffness contact model that considers the surface texture characteristics of the rolling interface. The dynamic explicit finite element analysis is used to obtain the deformed solid, and the turbulent equation is used to control the fluid boundary conditions. The bidirectional Fluid-Structure Interacton (FSI) ansysis is used to study the influence of surface roughness, surface textures, and rolling parameters such as rolling speed on the distribution of oil film pressure and contact characteristics during the rolling process. The results confirm that transverse texture reduces the friction coefficient and dynamic pressure by enhancing the trapping effect of rough peaks and facilitating the entrainment of the fluid film. Under the same textural conditions, the contact area decreases with increasing roughness while the friction coefficient increases. As the rolling speed increases, the rolling pressure decreases to a certain extent, and the contact area ratio will decrease; Lubricants with higher viscosity can effectively reduce the friction and rolling force at the rolling interface. We believe that the insights obtained from the numerical simulations provided in this reaserch will lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on plate shape control.

Analisis Konten Website CV. MyPangandaran dalam Penerapan Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran

Communication plays a crucial role in marketing, serving as a tool to inform, remind, and bridge companies with the public in introducing products. CV. MyPangandaran, with a wider target of tourists outside Pangandaran Regency, faces challenges in reaching audiences through www.mypangandaran.com website. To maximize the reach of a website, an effective marketing communication strategy is needed. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, focusing on documentation studies as primary data. The goal is to review the marketing communication strategy implemented by CV. MyPangandaran in an effort to expand the reach and increase the effectiveness of promotion. The results of the study show that the marketing communication strategies implemented include advertising, content marketing, direct marketing, and social media marketing. In the application of marketing mix theory, the communication aspect is the most dominant. Meanwhile, the most prominent AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) model is the interest aspect. CV. MyPangandaran adjusts the advertising strategy to the characteristics of the products sold. Direct marketing is directed at the target market aged 25-35 years. The company also utilizes social media as a supporting marketing communication tool, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, and TikTok.This integrated marketing communication strategy aims to expand reach, increase engagement, and maximize the effectiveness of CV product and service promotions. MyPangandaran to potential tourists outside Pangandaran Regency. By integrating various communication channels, the company seeks to build brand awareness and increase tourist interest in Pangandaran destinations.

The dynamics of capillary flow in an open-channel system featuring trigger valves.

Trigger valves are fundamental features in capillary-driven microfluidic systems that stop fluid at an abrupt geometric expansion and release fluid when there is flow in an orthogonal channel connected to the valve. The concept was originally demonstrated in closed-channel capillary circuits. We show here that trigger valves can be successfully implemented in open channels. We also show that a series of open-channel trigger valves can be placed alongside or opposite a main channel resulting in a layered capillary flow. We developed a closed form model for the dynamics of the flow at trigger valves based on the concept of average friction length and successfully validated the model against experiments. For the main channel, we discuss layered flow behavior in the light of the Taylor-Aris dispersion theory and in the channel turns by considering Dean theory of mixing. This work has potential applications in autonomous microfluidics systems for biosensing, at-home or point-of-care sample preparation devices, hydrogel patterning for 3D cell culture and organ-on-a-chip models.

Analysis of Haigh’s Chocolates in Terms of Marketing Mix Theory

This report focuses on Haigh’s chocolates’ and evaluates marketing strategies of the company, applying Marketing Mix Theory. Definition of product, promotion and people are introduced. Then this report explains how the Haigh’s use these elements in its marketing strategies. Haigh’s chocolates produces high quality chocolate with various different collections and well-designed packages to fulfill customers' needs. They are committed to environmental sustainability through packaging and the protection of bilby. The Haigh’s also pays attention to the attitude and performance of their employees. It is recommended that Haigh’s chocolates makes improvements for their online shop and open more offline shops in Australia.

(Invited) Design of Three-Dimensional Reaction Sites of Solid-Electrolyte Gas Sensors for Sensitive Detection of VOCs

The exhaled breath of patients contains a higher concentration of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than that of healthy peoples, and thus the development of highly sensitive gas sensors for these gases enables the early detection of these diseases. Among the various gas sensors, we focused on solid-electrolyte gas sensors consisting of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an oxide-ion conductor, and we previously reported that the toluene response of YSZ-based gas sensors improved by the addition of CeO2 to the Au sensing electrode (SE) [1].The toluene-response mechanism of the YSZ-based gas sensors is explained on the basis of the mixed potential theory. The sensor output voltage (E) is the potential difference between the SE and the counter electrode (CE). The SE potential of the sensor negatively shifted by the concurrent electrochemical reactions of toluene oxidation (eq. 1) and oxygen reduction (eq. 2) at the interface between YSZ and SE (triple-phase boundaries, TPBs) with the same rate upon exposure to toluene balanced with air.C7H8 + 18O2− → 7CO2 + 4H2O + 36e− (1)2O2− → O2 + 4e− (2)On the other hand, a given amount of toluene is oxidized during gas diffusion in the SE, which decreases the concentration of toluene reaching the TPBs. Since this reduces the toluene response of the sensor, thin-film SEs were fabricated in the thickness range of 30–250 nm by using spin-coating method employing a solution containing Au and Ce components in order to increase toluene concentration at the TPBs. However, the toluene response of the fabricated sensors largely increased with an increase in the SE thickness when the additive amount of CeO2 was relatively high [2–3]. The obtained results suggested that the electrochemical reactions of the toluene proceeded not only at the interface (SE/YSZ/gas) but also at the interface between SE and gas (SE(Au/CeO2)/gas) in the SE, because CeO2 worked as an oxide-ion conductor at elevated temperatures.In this study, we focused on the design of three-dimensional reaction sites of YSZ-based gas sensors for sensitive detection of VOCs. We fabricated Au SEs containing a sufficient amount of CeO2 (n) by spin-coating method. The obtained SEs were denoted as Au-nCeO2(x) SEs (n: an additive amount of CeO2, 24, 32 (wt%), x: the number of spin-coating cycles, 5–15).Figure 1(a) shows the response transient to various concentrations of toluene of the Au-24CeO2(5) sensor in dry air. The E value decreased upon exposure to toluene, and the magnitude of the response (ΔE) negatively increased with an increase in the toluene concentration. Figure 1(b) shows the thickness (spin-coating cycle) dependences of ΔE to 50 ppm toluene of the fabricated sensors in dry air. The ΔE value of the Au-24CeO2(x) sensor increased with a decrease in the SE thickness, and the Au-24CeO2(5) sensor showed the largest response (ca. 256 mV). In contrast, the ΔE of the Au-32CeO2(x) sensor increased with an increase in the SE thickness. In addition, we performed electrochemical impedance measurements in order to quantify the number of TPBs, and we discussed the effects of the number of TPBs on the toluene response. The details of this will be explained in the presentation.

Dielectric Hybrid Optimization Model Based on Crack Damage in Semi-Rigid Base Course

To accurately predict the relative permittivity of cement-stabilized base materials, a study on the dielectric mixing model for cracked base materials was conducted. Based on the electromagnetic mixing theory of multiphase composites, a comprehensive dielectric mixing model of cement-stabilized base materials was derived. The volume ratios and relative permittivity values of the specimen constituents in different cracking states of the cement-stabilized base were determined using industrial CT and a Percometer relative permittivity meter, with comprehensive consideration given to the effects of different initial porosities and crack widths on the dielectric properties. Based on the volumetric and dielectric properties of the base material specimens in both intact and cracked states, as well as the error analysis between the predicted and measured values of the relative permittivity constant, the u-optimal solution of the dielectric mixing model for cement-stabilized base material was determined to be 1. Consequently, an optimization dielectric mixing model for semi-rigid base course materials in a cracked state was developed. The optimization model proposed is suitable for predicting the dielectric properties of cement-stabilized base material with crack widths generally greater than 3 mm during the service life of semi-rigid base course in engineering practice.

An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Maudy Ayunda on Her Youtube Channel

This study aimed to identify and analyze the types and functions of code mixing used by Maudy Ayunda on Her YouTube Channel. Using a qualitative descriptive research design, it consist of 15 videos from Maudy’s YouTube channel. Data was collected through observation and documentation techniques, and analyzed using Hoffmann’s (1991) theory to determine the types of code mixing, and Hoffmann (1991), Saville-Troike (1986), and Holmes (2013) theories to identify the functions of code mixing. The findings showed that most frequently used types of code mixing was intra-sentential code mixing. Followed by Intra-lexical code mixing and Involving a change of pronounciation was not found in the videos. The function of emphasis was the most common function found in the videos, followed by Lexical Needs, Quoting Somebody Else, Repitition Use for Clarificayion, Talking about Particualr Topic, and Being Emphatic about Something. There are three functions which is not found on Muady’s videos are interjection, Expressing Group Identity or Solidarity, and Clarifying the Speech for the Interluctor. These findings suggest the importance of considering sociolinguistic factors in language education.

Study on the Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Suspended Sediment Driven by Waves and Currents

Port coasts are affected by waves and tidal currents, and sediment continues to silt up, leading to a reduction in the depth of water in the channel, blocking the channel and seriously affecting the safe operation of ports. The main cause of sediment deposition in ports is suspended sediment transport, and the characteristics of the vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentrations are the embodiment of the suspended sediment transport law. This paper is divided into three parts to study the vertical distribution characteristics of suspended sediment concentrations. Firstly, the shortcomings of the traditional diffusion model were analysed by using the finite mixing theory (FMT); secondly, the sediment mixing length coefficient κs model was introduced and combined with the sediment group settling velocity model to establish the vertical distribution model of suspended sediment concentrations under wave–current; finally, the effects of various factors on the vertical distribution of the suspended sediment concentration were investigated. The results show that the model in this paper has the characteristics of “low variance and low bias”, which solves the problem that κs is difficult to determine. When the model κs < κs′ (κs′ = 0.4), the concentration of suspended sediment predicted by κs′ is overestimated, and vice versa. As the sediment concentration increases, the interaction between particles increases and the vertical distribution of the suspended sediment concentration shows the pattern of “small top and large bottom”. The larger the particle size, the greater the sedimentation rate of the suspended sediment, and a large amount of sediment will be suspended near the bottom without mixing. The higher the wave height, the stronger the boundary layer turbulence and the movement of the water particles’ trajectory, and the smaller the difference in sediment concentration between the bottom and the sea surface.

Corruption in public procurement: Can e-procurement and artificial intelligence make a difference in Africa?

Corruption is a challenge that hinders countries’ development. The huge spending on public procurement, particularly on capital projects, makes it highly prone to corruption. The conventional paper-based procurement process has been linked to inefficiency and corruption in procurement practices. Given the expanding role of technology in an increasingly interconnected world, many leading experts suggest that technology can be a powerful tool to reduce opportunities for corruption in public procurement. In the past three decades, the use of technology, including electronic procurement (e-procurement) and artificial intelligence (AI), in public procurement has globally gained popularity. However, currently, technology in public procurement is not widely used in the African continent. This paper's main hypothesis is that technology can have an impact on reducing corruption in public procurement in Africa, with a particular emphasis on the prospects and challenges for technology adoption in Ghana and South Africa. The paper analyzes the types of initiatives that helped technology implementation in other countries and the utility of adopting such mechanisms in the context of the subject countries under review. The study investigates the critical success factors for adopting technology in public procurement activities in Ghana and South Africa using qualitative data analysis and mixed theories. This paper aims to assist public procurement practitioners, government entities, and funding organizations in a better understanding of the technology role, including public e-procurement and AI, in their efforts to minimize the scourge of corruption in public procurement.

A new optimization strategy, the influence of hollow electrode chamfers on the development of helium atmospheric pressure plasma jets

This work suggests applying chamfering treatment to the plasma generator of the empty electrode structure. Enhancing the electrodes’ physical structure can significantly improve plasma characteristics without requiring intricate control systems. Experiments have shown that changes in the electrode’s shape can lead to changes in the formation of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Specifically, our observations indicate that an increase in the chamfer radius leads to an increase in the ignition voltage and a greater density of reactive species inside the jet. We developed a multi-channel equivalent circuit model to describe the discharge process of a plasma jet. Then, using the mixed layer theory, we investigated the effect of the chamfer radius on the plasma jet. Our findings suggest that chamfering increases the effective discharge area, resulting in more discharge channels in the model. This leads to a higher density of reactive species. Additionally, chamfering improves the mixing of helium and air, increasing the concentration of N2 and O2. This consumes some of the avalanche electrons and raises the ignition voltages, ultimately enhancing the chemical reactivity of the plasma jet. This work provides new ideas for the optimization strategy of atmospheric pressure plasma radiation devices.

Effect of gas compositions on co-electrolysis performance of solid oxide cells: electromotive force and polarization resistance

Co-electrolysis performance of solid oxide cells is experimentally investigated with a focus on the electromotive force (EMF) and reaction resistance. Outlet gas composition is also analyzed to investigate the effect of the reverse-water-gas-shift (rWGS) reaction. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell is analyzed under various gas compositions with different reactant ratios. The mixed potential theory is employed to predict the EMF values based on the surface coverage ratio in the hydrogen electrode. The reaction resistance under co-electrolysis operation obtained from the equivalent circuit fitting analysis of the impedance spectra is compared with that under H2O and CO2 electrolysis operations. The results obtained in this study indicate that, near the OCV condition, H2O electrolysis is the main reaction under co-electrolysis operation to determine the OCVs and reaction resistance, and the main conversion pathway of CO2 into CO is the rWGS reaction.

Effects of the internal temperature on vertical mixing and on cloud structures in ultra-hot Jupiters

Context. The vertical mixing in hot-Jupiter atmospheres plays a critical role in the formation and spacial distribution of cloud particles in their atmospheres. This affects the observed spectra of a planet through cloud opacity, which can be influenced by the degree of cold trapping of refractory species in the deep atmosphere. Aims. We aim to isolate the effects of the internal temperature on the mixing efficiency in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) and the spacial distribution of cloud particles across the planet. Methods. We combined a simplified tracer-based cloud model, a picket fence radiative-transfer scheme, and a mixing length theory to the Exo-FMS general circulation model. We ran the model for five different internal temperatures at typical UHJ atmosphere system parameters. Results. Our results show the convective eddy diffusion coefficient remains low throughout the vast majority of the atmosphere, with mixing dominated by advective flows. However, some regions can show convective mixing in the upper atmosphere for colder interior temperatures. The vertical extent of the clouds is reduced as the internal temperature is increased. Additionally, a global cloud layer gets formed below the radiative-convective boundary (RCB) in the cooler cases. Conclusions. Convection is generally strongly inhibited in UHJ atmospheres above the RCB due to their strong irradiation. Convective mixing plays a minor role compared to advective mixing in keeping cloud particles aloft in UHJs with warm interiors. Higher vertical turbulent heat fluxes and the advection of potential temperature inhibit convection in warmer interiors. Our results suggest that isolated upper atmosphere regions above cold interiors may exhibit strong convective mixing in isolated regions around Rossby gyres, allowing aerosols to be better retained in these areas.

Exploring the effect of Cr and Mn on the intrinsic strength of the tensile properties of FeCoNi, FeCoNiMn, FeCoNiCr, and FeCoNiCrMn multi-principal element alloys using in-situ EBSD

As the composition elements in multi-principal element alloys increase, it can bring excellent mechanical properties. However, the strengthening mechanism of the additional element is still unclear. In this work, we establish a method based on the in-situ EBSD technology to explore the possible effect of additional elements on the intrinsic strength of tensile properties. We prepared four different multi-principal element alloys, including FeCoNi, FeCoNiMn, FeCoNiCr, and FeCoNiCrMn with similar initial status. We systematically investigated the evolution of the microstructure, dislocation density, twin boundary, grain size, and element distribution during the tensile process by in-situ EBSD and EDS. By carefully analyzing the results of four different multi-principal element alloys, the strength effects of the solid-solution hardening, grain-boundary hardening, twin boundary hardening, precipitate hardening, and dislocation hardening were peeled. The effect of the Cr and Mn element addition on the intrinsic strength can be explored. It is found that the element addition indeed increases the intrinsic strength from quaternary to quinary but not very clear from ternary to quaternary no matter Cr or Mn, which indicated that the intrinsic strength was more related to the number of elements in the alloy than to which element was present. This can be explained using the mixing entropy theory, which states that the intrinsic strength is enhanced when the mixing entropy is over a threshold between the MEA and HEA. This paper presents a method to study the individual factors affecting the tensile properties, which can help other researchers to better investigate HEA.

High Performance of Mn2O3 Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Using Natural Bischofite Salt from Atacama Desert: A Novel Application for Solar Saline Water Splitting.

Solar saline water splitting is a promising approach to sustainable hydrogen production, harnessing abundant solar energy and the availability of brine resources, especially in the Atacama Desert. Bischofite salt (MgCl2·6H2O) has garnered significant attention due to its wide range of industrial applications. Efficient hydrogen production in arid or hyper arid locations using bischofite solutions is a novel and revolutionary idea. This work studied the electrochemical performance of Mn2O3 electrodes using a superposition model based on mixed potential theory and evaluated the superficial performance of this electrode in contact with a 0.5 M bischofite salt solution focusing on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occur during saline water splitting. The application of the non-linear superposition model provides valuable electrochemical kinetic parameters that complement the understanding of Mn2O3, this being one of the novelties of this work.

Measuring the solubility of tacrolimus in supercritical carbon dioxide (binary and ternary systems), comparing the performance of machine learning models with conventional models

The solubility of tacrolimus in a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with and without co-solvent (ternary and binary system) was investigated. The experimental conditions include the temperatures of 308 to 338 K and the pressures of 12 to 30 MPa were considered. The values of tacrolimus solubilization in SC-CO2 in binary and ternary systems were from 0.416 × 10−5 to 1.589 × 10−5 and from 0.389 × 10−4 to 0.875 × 10−4, respectively. The obtained results presented that adding a co-solvent (ethanol) could affect tacrolimus solubility significantly, the mole fraction of tacrolimus in SC-CO2/co-solvent under all experimental conditions was at least 4.9 more than that of SC-CO2 alone. The correlation of the solubility data was achieved by three distinct methods: (1) SRK EoS with van der Waals (vdW2) and Wong-Sandler (WS) as mixing rules, (2) solution theory, (3) empirical and (4) machine learning based models. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that Sparks et al. (AIC −817.05, and AARD 5.08 %) and Bian et al. (AIC −815.77 and AARD 5.17 %) models could correlate the experimental data of tacrolimus in SC-CO2 with more accuracy, as compared to the other empirical models. Sodeifian and Sajadian model with AARD% and AIC of 2.99 and −726.22, respectively, has acted as the most accurate empirical model in ternary system. The solution theory was able to calculate the solubility for the tacrolimus-SC-CO2-ethanol system with high accuracy (AARD, % 4.85, AIC −701.41, F value 169.70 and Radj 0.9622). Also, the Gradient Boosting model (AARD accurately predicted the outcomes with perfect accuracy for binary and ternary systems. Finally, total (ΔHtotal, 23.21 cal/mol), solvation (ΔHsol, −19.47 cal/mol) and vaporization (ΔHvap, 42.68 cal/mol) enthalpies were obtained by using an energy term in Chrastil and Bartle models.

How Does Shareholding by Passive Institutional Investors Impact the Corporate Governance of European Firms?

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe passive investment (PI) trend, characterized by the increasing inflow of investment funds into PI strategies, has resulted in an increase in the share of corporate ownership held via investments in PI strategies. This paper investigates this trend's consequential impact on European companies' corporate governance (CG).Research Findings/InsightsWe find that higher ownership by passive institutional investors (PIIs) is associated with fewer female directors, reduced independence in audit and nomination committees, and higher executive pay, negatively impacting CG. Nevertheless, our findings show that PIIs can increase the probability that a company has a policy regarding the adequate experience of board members and equal treatment of shareholders.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe hypothesize that the level of ownership could be the missing link connecting mixed theories about the impact of ownership by PIIs on the CG of companies they invest in. A curvilinear relationship between the two could allow conflicting theories to coexist in one framework. We find weak evidence for a curvilinear relationship, but this relationship may become more prevalent if PII ownership of European companies increases because of regulatory changes.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsSome critics have proposed limiting PII voting rights, but our findings suggest that the effect of PII ownership may become less negative beyond a certain level of ownership and that PIIs may play a positive role in enhancing board experience and shareholder equity policies. Restricting PIIs may not necessarily be beneficial for the CG of companies they invest in.

Peran Komunikasi Pemasaran Modern pada Produk Kuliner Tradisional di Teras Jahe Yogyakarta

One business that is still consistently increasing and contributing to the national economy is the growth of the culinary/food and beverage (F&B) business industry, as gastronomic trends continue to be initiated as a new tourism alternative. This research aims to analyze the sales efforts of traditional culinary products carried out by Teras Jahe Yogyakarta using the 10P Marketing Mix theory based on Kotler and Armstrong's perspective. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method through data collection techniques: observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study. The results of the research show that the management at Teras Jahe Yogyakarta has carried out various promotions in conventional marketing media to digital marketing media, especially those that focus on strengthening the brand image with the tagline "Warming the Archipelago". The application of the 10P indicators in the marketing mix is a fundamental tool that Teras Jahe Yogyakarta must continue to optimize to maintain its business.

Effects of carbon nanotubes on the isotropic to nematic phase transition in nematic liquid crystal elastomer

The isotropic to nematic phase transition on nematic liquid crystal elastomer - carbon nanotubes composites has been studied theoretically. The model free energy density has been constructed using Flory Huggins theory of isotropic mixing and Landau-de Gennes theory. The effects of carbon nanotubes and external mechanical stress on the isotropic to nematic phase transition of the nematic liquid crystal elastomer-carbon nanotubes composites have been discussed. The volume fraction of carbon nanotubes dependence of the isotropic to nematic transition temperature, mechanical strain and strain birefringence has been calculated. The weak first-order character of the isotropic to nematic phase transition on nematic liquid crystal elastomer-carbon nanotubes composites has been predicted.

Large-signal stability analysis of an islanded DC microgrid with constant power loads based on mixed potential function

Abstract In DC microgrids, power electronic converters are widely used to connect loads and renewable energy sources to generate different voltages. These loads operate as constant power loads (CPL) within a closed control loop. When voltage fluctuates, these loads display negative impedance characteristics, potentially leading to system instability. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of CPL on DC microgrids during large disturbances is crucial. This paper employs mixed potential theory to study the large disturbance stability of DC microgrids under CPL. Deriving the stability criterion for the system under significant perturbations reveals the impact of load types and control parameters on system stability and provides a detailed analysis of how specific system parameters affect stability. Consequently, the stability criterion can ensure the system’s stability under large disturbances without the need for repeated calculations and simulations. Simulation results verify the correctness of this stability criterion.