Mixed Viewpoints Research Articles

Controlling sonic rectangular jet with nozzle trailing edge modification

Sonic rectangular jet emanating from a convergent nozzle of aspect ratio 2 with modified trailing edge in the form of triangular extension on its widest side is investigated experimentally at different nozzle pressure ratios corresponding to underexpanded states of sonic jet. To assess the impact of trailing edge modification on jet mixing, the sonic rectangular jet from aspect ratio two plain convergent nozzle (without trailing edge modification) is also studied. The centerline pressure decay results at nozzle pressure ratios 2, 3, 4 and 5 confirm the superiority of modified jet (jet from trailing edge modified nozzle) over plain jet from the mixing point of view. At all the pressure ratios, the modified jet possessed shorter core and weaker shock and expansion waves compared to plain jet, which is an outcome of faster mixing of modified jet with ambient fluid. The enhanced mixing caused the modified jet to decay faster than the plain jet. An appreciable core length reduction of about 32% is noticed at pressure ratio of 5. The modified jet experienced increased spread along major axis than along minor axis owing to the restriction offered by the triangular extension on jet spread along minor axis. Thus, the axis switching was absent in modified jet compared to plain jet switching axes at all pressure ratios. The shadowgraph images confirmed the presence of weaker waves in the modified jet. Also, the images confirmed the absence of Mach disk in the modified jet at pressure ratio of 5 compared to plain jet.

The Determinants of Foreign-Direct-Investment (FDI) Inflows in Nigeria

ABSTRACT: Due to the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI), scholars are always keen to explore FDI determinants and analyze their implications. Nevertheless scholars have proposed mixed viewpoints of FDI and interpreted its determinants differently, which do not contribute to the knowledge advancement and amalgamation of FDI literatures. The current research, therefore, aims to advance the knowledge of FDI determinants in Nigeria through a new investigation on the key determinant factors affecting Nigeria's inward FDI. Data were collected from UNCTAD (1970-2014) and analyzed by auto-regressive distributed lag tests (ARDL). A comprehensive theory-based model was developed accounting for many variables, such as the interest rate, external debt, oil rents, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, trade and exchange rate volatility. The analysis of FDI determinants in the Nigerian economy yielded reliable, robust, and economically meaningful results thereby offering an insight into the driving factors of inward FDI. Findings indicate that the interest rate, external debt, oil rents, and GDP growth are all important determinants, possessing a long-run effect on FDI. Different from the literature, however, trade and exchange rate volatility are barely important to FDI. Several policy implications flow from the findings. From a policy point of view, regarding the GDP growth rate, there should be concerted efforts to boost the performance of the non-oil sector in Nigeria through more investments in the agricultural and industrial sectors making the growth of the economy spread across other sectors and, in turn, encouraging inward FDI in such areas. Countries such as Nigeria, endowed with natural resources, should pursue policies targeted at full deregulation (privatisation) of their natural resource sector to better utilize the abundance of their natural resources thereby attracting additional FDI. Nigeria should also pursue better debt management practices. When debts are acquired, they should be targeted towards future consumption and longer-term investments. Most importantly, as an import-dependent economy, the Nigerian government should also formulate export-driven and appropriate fiscal policies that will stabilize Nigeria's trade relationship with other world economies. The Nigerian government should create the necessary environment that will regulate macroeconomic and specifically monetary policy (interest rate) which is essential for the attraction of FDI inflows into the economy. Finally, Nigeria should ensure that the quality of exportable commodities is improved to enhance international competitiveness.

The Other Infodemic: Media Misinformation about Involuntary Commitment for Substance Use.

As drug-related deaths have surged, the number and scope of legal mechanisms authorizing involuntary commitment for substance use have expanded. Media coverage of involuntary commitment routinely ignores documented health and ethical concerns. Prevalence and dynamics of misinformation about involuntary commitment for substance use have not been assessed. Media content mentioning involuntary commitment for substance use published between January 2015 and October 2020 was aggregated using MediaCloud. Articles were redundantly coded for viewpoints presented, substances mentioned, discussion of incarceration, and mentions of specific drugs. In addition, we tracked Facebook shares of coded content. Nearly half (48%) of articles unequivocally endorsed involuntary commitment, 30% presented a mixed viewpoint, and 22% endorsed a health-based or rights-based critique. Only 7% of articles included perspectives of people with lived experience of involuntary commitment. Critical articles received nearly twice as many Facebook shares (199,909 shares) as supportive and mixed narratives combined (112,429 shares combined). Empirical and ethical concerns about involuntary commitment for substance use are largely absent from coverage in mainstream media, as are voices of those with lived experience. Better alignment between news coverage and science is vital to inform effective policy responses to emerging public health challenges.

Who’s speaking for whom?

AbstractThis paper deals with rhetorically intended questions in theZhuangzi, a foundational text of Daoism (fourth centurybc). Such questions are generally meant to evoke silent answers in the addressee’s mind, thereby involving a fictive type of interaction (Pascual 2006,2014). We analyse rhetorical questions as constructions of intersubjectivity (seeVerhagen 2005,2008), involving not just a conceptual integration of question and assertion but also a viewpoint blend (Dancygier and Sweetser [eds] 2012). They involve fusing the perspectives of the writer, the assumed prospective readers, and possibly also that of the discourse characters (in the case of rhetorical questions ascribed to a discourse character but meant to represent the writer’s voice). In this highly influential text with abundant mixed viewpoint scenarios, the interpretation of rhetorical questions involves the resolution of different viewpoints, which are set up and shifted in a multi-layered manner for particular argumentative purposes.

Mutual prediction learning and mixed viewpoints for unsupervised-domain adaptation person re-identification on blockchain

In addition to the domain shift between different datasets, the diversity of pedestrian appearance (physical appearance and postures) caused by different camera views also affects the performance of person re-identification (re-ID). Since existing methods tend to extract the shared information of the same pedestrian across multiple images, the above diversity issue has not been effectively alleviated. In addition, while making full use of pedestrian image data and realizing its value, there are also risks of privacy leakage and data loss. Therefore, this paper proposes the mutual prediction learning (MPL) and mixed viewpoints for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) person re-ID on blockchain. This method enables the network to first obtain the ability of MPL on multi-view polymorphic features and further acquire the reasoning imagination to alleviate the ambiguity caused by morphological differences. In the process of MPL, the training samples are first divided into different groups and each group has two sets. Then the corresponding identity classifiers of every two sets are integrated and applied to the cross-prediction of polymorphic features. Finally, the joint distribution alignment of domain- and identity-level features is achieved. Furthermore, an adversarial mechanism of mixed viewpoints is proposed to improve the accuracy of identity matching. The domain-invariant salient features are extracted and fused with the polymorphic features obtained by global average pooling (GAP) after domain alignment. Thanks to blockchain technology, the pedestrian image data of the data owner is also protected. Comparative experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution in person re-ID. The related source codes will be available at: https://github.com/lhf12278/MPL-MV.

Emerging political stalwarts of Sisaala land: Biographical narratology of Amidu Isahaku Chinnia’s personality dispositions

In the Ghanaian political landscape, Sisaala land is on record to have produced political stalwarts who have occupied high-ranking political portfolios including the presidency of Ghana. Previous research has identified some pioneering Sisaala political stalwarts including; Dr. Hilla Limman, Imoro Egala; and others. Also, prominent political stalwarts such as; Kwame Nkrumah, Kofi Abrefa Busia, Simon Diedong Dombo, Adu Boahen, Jerry John Rawlings, and others have been variously studied by biographers. Motivated by previous biographical studies anchored on the paucity of similar biographies on emerging political stalwarts of Sisaala land, the study utilised qualitative narrative design to chronicle the biography, personality dispositions, and developmental contributions of Amidu Isahaku Chinnia. Empirical data were elicited through semi-structured interviews from twenty-one (21) heterogeneous-purposively sampled respondents. The study found Chinnia to be a growing academic, known staunch member of the New Patriotic Party and a potential political stalwart in Ghana who currently serves as the Member of Parliament for Sissala East Constituency and Deputy Minister of Sanitation and Water Resources. With mixed viewpoints ably argued by the research participants, the study further found Chinnia to be a development-oriented personality with dispositions that are in tandem with the five-factor personality model (emotional intelligence, assertiveness, openness, conscientiousness, & loyalty). With his enviable academic pedigree, development-mindedness, political activism and unwavering personality dispositions, Chinnia appears to have a brighter political future. For Chinnia to consolidate his political growth, and fortunes, he should promote his positive personality dispositions while working on his weaknesses; unite the rank and file of his party in the Sissala East Constituency, address the major developmental needs of his constituents, and loyally support his party-led government to deliver its mandate to Ghanaians as promised.

Reel or Real – Survey of Machine Learning to Adversarial Machine Learning Algorithms for Fake Content Detection in the Education Domain

The issue of fake news has developed a lot quicker in the ongoing years. Online media has drastically changed its scope and effect all in all. On one hand, it's easy, and simple availability with a quick portion of data draws more consideration of individuals to peruse news from it. Then again, it empowers widespread of fake news, which are only false data to misdirect individuals. With 14 percent of individuals conceding that they have purposely shared a fake political report on the web, unmistakably these false reports will keep on picking up footing insofar as individuals are as yet ready to share them on the web. Subsequently, computerizing counterfeit news recognition has gotten urgent to keep up strong on the web and web-based media. There have been many machine learning approaches implemented to address and solve this problem. Likewise, this project, given a certain number of instances shared publicly on a social media platform, helps in tracing the instances one by one and identifies the fake news using supervised learning algorithms. It then generates news implying mixed viewpoints by applying adversarial machine learning algorithm and helps in creating a diversion. Thus, it reduces the impact created by misleading information. The prime focus of this paper is to compare the various existing Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Adversarial Machine Learning algorithms which will aid a researcher to understand the fake content detection spreading in the social media which are related to the educational domain. This survey paper will be useful for students during pandemic and crises like the covid-19 pandemic.

Responses of leaf morphology, NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba to shading

BackgroundThe non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are important energy source or nutrients for all plant growth and metabolism. To persist in shaded understory, saplings have to maintain the dynamic balance of carbon and nutrients, such as leaf NSCs, C, N and P. To improve understanding of the nutrient utilization strategies between shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species, we therefore compared the leaf NSCs, C, N, P in response to shade between seedlings of shade-tolerant Schima superba and shade-intolerant Cunninghamia lanceolate. Shading treatments were created with five levels (0, 40, 60, 85, 95% shading degree) to determine the effect of shade on leaf NSCs contents and C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics.ResultsMean leaf area was significantly larger under 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata while maximum mean leaf area was observed under 85% shading degree for S. superba seedlings, whereas leaf mass per area decreased consistently with increasing shading degree in both species. In general, both species showed decreasing NSC, soluble sugar and starch contents with increasing shading degree. However shade-tolerant S. superba seedlings exhibited higher NSC, soluble sugar and starch content than shade-intolerant C. lanceolate. The soluble sugar/starch ratio of C. lanceolate decreased with increasing shading degree, whereas that of S. superb remained stable. Leaf C:N ratio decreased while N:P ratio increased with increasing shading degree; leaf C:P ratio was highest in 60% shading degree for C. lanceolata and in 40% shading degree for S. superba.ConclusionS. superba is better adapted to low light condition than C. lanceolata through enlarged leaf area and increased carbohydrate reserves that allow the plant to cope with low light stress. From mixed plantation viewpoint, it would be advisable to plant S. superba later once the canopy of C. lanceolata is well developed but allowing enough sunlight.

Entanglement entropy: Holography and renormalization group

Entanglement entropy plays a variety of roles in quantum field theory, including the connections between quantum states and gravitation through the holographic principle. This article provides a review of entanglement entropy from a mixed viewpoint of field theory and holography. A set of basic methods for the computation is developed and illustrated with simple examples such as free theories and conformal field theories. The structures of the ultraviolet divergences and the universal parts are determined and compared with the holographic descriptions of entanglement entropy. The utility of quantum inequalities of entanglement are discussed and shown to derive the C-theorem that constrains renormalization group flows of quantum field theories in diverse dimensions.

Implementation of the Teacher Professional Growth and Effectiveness System in Rural Kentucky High Schools

A focus on improving teacher quality and student achievement led many states to implement teacher effectiveness systems. The Charlotte Danielson Framework for Teaching was adapted by Kentucky as the Teacher Professional Growth and Effectiveness System (TPGES). This study examined educator viewpoints concerning the impact of TPGES on improving teacher quality and student achievement, educator attitude for implementation, time requirement, and the potential to impact teacher growth and student learning.Teacher and principal triangulated data indicated mixed viewpoints concerning the impact of TPGES implementation on improving teacher quality and improving student learning. The data did not indicate positive educator attitudes for the implementation and time requirement for TPGES. Study implications focused on five identified dispositions relevant for all educators striving to implement innovative change initiatives.

Mixed camera viewpoints improve learning medical hand procedure from video in nurse training?

Recent research has shown that camera viewpoints can influence how hand procedures are learnt from videos. However, studies have generally investigated videos showing only single viewpoints, for example, face-to-face or over-the-shoulder. Single views may not be appropriate for learning complex medical procedures involving spatial viewpoint changes. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of mixed camera viewpoints on learning a complex medical hand procedure from a video. Using a pretest-posttest paradigm, 43 students at a French nursing school had to learn a complex hand procedure from a video showing an expert nurse teacher inserting an indwelling catheter in a closed system using a simulation mannequin. Three video conditions were compared, delivering the same information in the same amount of time, from different viewpoints: (i) face-to-face only (FtF), (ii) over-the-shoulder only (OtS), and (iii) alternating face-to-face and over-the-shoulder views for each step of the procedure (MixW). The students were randomly assigned (N = 10–11) to one of four groups: the three experimental viewing conditions (FtF, OtS, MixW) and a control condition without video. Pre- and post-tests consisted of performing the hand procedure in a fully equipped full-scale simulation room. Results showed that learners in the mixed viewpoint (MixW) group performed better than the other groups (FtF, OtS, and control condition). Learners in the FtF and OtS groups outperformed those in the control group.

‘You’ve just got to walk away’: Mixed viewpoints in radio call-in trauma narratives

Starting from the idea that multiplicity of viewpoint is the norm in discourse (Mey, 1999; Verhagen, 2005; Dancygier, 2012b), this paper presents an analysis of viewpoint in radio narratives in terms of Mental Spaces and Conceptual Integration Theory (MSCIT). More specifically, it studies the linguistic and cognitive strategies used by narrators of late night call-in radio programmes to disclose intimate experiences; that is, the strategies used to solve the tension between the need to share their traumatic experiences and the need to protect themselves from strangers, between what they want to say and how they can say it within this specific medial setting. A thorough integration of MSCIT theoretical and analytical tools, based on the notion of mixed viewpoint discourse (Dancygier, 2012b; Dancygier and Vandelanotte, 2016), helps to better understand the fragmented and complex structure of the text under study, the idiosyncratic features of the communicative medium, as well as how the narrator manages to turn an individual, intimate experience into a global story shared by the community.

CFD Analysis of Hypersonic Combustion of H<sub>2</sub>-Fueled Scramjet Combustor with Cavity Based Fuel Injector at Flight Mach 6

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the inlet-combustor interaction and flow structure through a scramjet engine at a flight Mach 6 with cavity based injection. Fuel is injected at supersonic speed of Mach 2 through a cavity based injector. These numerical simulations are aimed to study the flow structure, supersonic mixing and combustion for cavity based injection. For the reacting cases, the shock wave pattern is modified which is due to the strong heat release during combustion process. The shock structure and combustion phenomenon are not only affected by the geometry but also by the flight Mach number and the trajectory. The inlet-combustor interaction is studied with a fix location of cavity based injection. Cavity is of interest because recirculation flow in cavity would provide a stable flame holding while enhancing the rate of mixing or combustion. The cavity effect is discussed from a view point of mixing and combustion efficiency.

10.5937/specedreh13-6166 = Transparency and mixed viewpoints in drawings of preschool and early school age children

The main objective of this research is to determine developmental specifics of transparency and mixed viewpoints in drawings of preschool and younger school age children. The sample consists of 90 typical developed children, aged between 6 to 9. The sample encompasses 47 (52,2%) girls and 43 (47,8%) boys from preschool and elementary school in Pirot and Belgrade. The theoretical basis of this study is Liquet's theory of children's drawings development, with emphasis on the characteristics that are manifested in the stage of intellectual realism: transparency and mixed viewpoints. These characteristics are evaluated using three types of drawings: a man in the boat, a man on the horse and a man on the chair. The presence of transparency (AS=5,77) in children's drawing is more frequent compared to presence of mixed viewpoints (AS=6,48). The analysis of individual drawings showed that the largest presence of transparency and mixed viewpoints is on drawing of a man on the horse, then on a man in the chair, and the smallest on drawing of man in the boat. Girls made significantly fewer drawings where we can observe a transparent view of partial occlusion scene compared to boys (p=0.010). There is a statistically significant developmental trend of progress with participants age increasing in frequency of displaying transparency (p=0.000) and mixed viewpoints (p=0.000). We also determinate statistically significant high positive correlation of total scores on all applied tasks.

A Study on the Life and Historical Study of Lee Neung Sik

After the liberation of Korea, there were diverse scholars with different historical view points. While they summarized and accepted the research results during the Japanese colonial rule and comprehensively reviewed cultural history, social and economic history and pragmatic history, they also sought proper historical research methodology for the new ear. Lee Neung Sik, subject figure to this study, was one of those who attempted such.<BR> He was the pioneering figure to liberate our history from the colonial historical perspective and to set own historical theory in the midst of mixed and conflict historical view points. He was also an excellent history educator to imbue students national consciousness and to teach historic methodology systematically.<BR> This study attempted to figure out his position and meaning in our history by summarizing his life that was totally disregarded for his defect to North Korea. Based on the statement by his students in Gyeongbuk Middle School and Department of History Education of Seoul National University, he was forced to defect to North Korea. And this study also found out that while he was favorable to materialism he attempted to arrange the ideological chaos in the historical society in Korea after the liberation by seeking the harmony between social economical history and practical history.

Challenges Rooted in Curriculum Globalization

Globalization, as a process or product, has challenged all dimensions of human life and social systems, in specific the educational system and its core, curriculum. Accordingly, scientific and remedial planning seems to be a must. So, the aim of the present paper is to consider the challenges led by curriculum globalization. To attain the objects, applying a mixed viewpoint to the international studies, I surveyed the challenges in seven categories of technological and scientific developments, changes in the occupation field, social inequalities, developments of democracy and human rights, the increase of cultural relationships, reviews of spiritual, ethical, and educational values for the times of uncertainty, and the challenges of each category and their effects on curricula have been considered in detail.Additionally, some political and applicable recommendations have been provided for the officials of the curriculum system in order to meet each challenge.

Differential impact of advertising and distribution expenditure on Tobin's Q

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of components of marketing expenditures, i.e. advertising and distribution expenditures on intangible value of firm (measured in terms of Tobin's Q). The relationship is studied in the context of branding approaches (corporate and house of brands) that various firms follow.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from databases of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) and from the web site of National Stock Exchange. Time series regression is performed using SPSS software to test the model.FindingsAdvertising expenditure has a positive impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy. Distribution expenditure has negative impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy.Research limitations/implicationsSince most of the data retrieved for the analysis were of B2B (business to business) firms, the findings may not be generalized for all firms.Practical implicationsAdvertising expenditure has a diminishing marginal utility in creating intangible value. It would be useful for firms to understand where they are on this continuum and whether their advertising expenditure is giving adequate returns or may be better spent elsewhere.Originality/valueIn the literature, researchers have expressed mixed viewpoints regarding the impact of total marketing spend on intangible value. The marketing expenditures are found to have both positive and negative impact on intangible value, with respect to various contexts. However, the impact of major components of marketing expenditures is not addressed. This gap is addressed in this research paper.

Topology, braids and mixing in fluids

Stirring of fluid with moving rods is necessary in many practical applications to achieve homogeneity. These rods are topological obstacles that force stretching of fluid elements. The resulting stretching and folding is commonly observed as filaments and striations, and is a precursor to mixing. In a space-time diagram, the trajectories of the rods form a braid, and the properties of this braid impose a minimal complexity in the flow. We review the topological viewpoint of fluid mixing, and discuss how braids can be used to diagnose mixing and construct efficient mixing devices. We introduce a new, realizable design for a mixing device, the silver mixer, based on these principles.

Numerical simulations of the buoyant flow of heated water discharged from submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water

In this study, a three-dimensional model was used to numerically study the buoyant flow characteristics of heated water discharged from the submerged side outfalls in shallow and deep water. Hydraulic experimental data was used to evaluate the applicability of the model. The simulation results for model verification are in good accordance with experimental results. For shallow waters, the discharge jet is deflected by the river crossflow while forcing the river flow to bend towards the far bank over the depth. The unidirectional flow is dominant all over the depth in they-z cross section. In the case of submerged discharge with shallow water especially, the recirculating zone is the largest in the lowest layer, becoming smaller in the upper layer. As water depth increases, the ambient flow goes over the jet and thus diminishes the blocking effect so that jet bending decreases. Counterclockwise circulation and local eddies form with the increase of depth. Based on the viewpoint of rapid mixing and the dimension of the recirculating zone, submerged discharge appears more efficient than surface discharge.

Non-Isothermal Modeling of Co-Rotating and Contra-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders

The quality of the mixing of different raw materials, i.e. the uniformity of the mixture, is a key issue that will determine the morphology and the specific product properties of the resulting compound [1,2]. Numerical simulation of flow in extruder components provides a new insight, both qualitative and quantitative, into those features. 3-D transient numerical simulations of twin screw extruder (TSE) configurations are presented. A special method, the mesh superposition technique (MST), has been introduced to provide a convenient way to model intermeshing TSEs without involving any remeshing complexity [3]. It has been validated in previous work for isothermal cases [4]. To account for the important non-isothermal effects, the method is compared against numerical and experimental results for additional, non-isothermal validation [5]. We present an analysis of different non-isothermal features that characterize the flow induced by a co-rotating as well as a contra-rotating configuration. Both cases are compared in terms of pressure profiles, temperature fields, resulting torque imposed on the screws and from a mixing point of view to illustrate a typical analysis of different TSEs and provide objective information to select the most appropriate configuration for specific process requirements.