Mixed Solvent Of Water Research Articles

Lewis Pair Radical Polymerization “On-Water”

An unprecedented radical polymerization of various (meth)acrylates, diethyl acrylamide, and 4-vinylpyridine initiated by Lewis pair (LP) catalysts, specifically PPh3/Cu(OTf)2 or PPh3/Sn(OTf)2, is reported herein. The reaction occurred at the interface between monomer and water phases, namely, “on-water”, at room temperature. The polymerization of (meth)acrylates “on-water” was significantly more efficient than the reaction in organic solvents or in bulk. It was determined that the propagation occurs via a single electron transfer, which was evidenced by the inhibition of the reaction by the addition of trace amounts of phenols or phenothiazine. Additionally, MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed the occurrence of disproportionation termination. Initiation at the interface was supported by various polymerization studies. Specifically, a higher rate of polymerization of methacrylates was observed for hydrophilic monomers. Moreover, the polymerizations in a mixed solvent of water and MeOH indicated that the heterogeneous system is critical. The generation of a PPh3 radical cation following a single electron transfer from LP was not plausible. Instead, we propose a mechanism involving a Michael addition of PPh3 to monomers activated by Lewis acids “on-water” to generate Cu(II) or Sn(II) enolates and/or free radical as propagating species.

Conductometric Study of Complexation of Macrocyclic Compounds with Zinc(II) and Copper(II) Ions in Aqueous-Organic Solvent Mixtures

The conductance behavior of Zn2+ and Cu2+ and their complexes with two ligands (crown ethers) have been inspected in 10, 20, 30, and 40% DMF–water mixed solvent at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15, and 328.15 K. The conductance study indicates a 1 : 1 complexation mode amongst the metal ions and ligands hereby studied. The order of stability constants with crown ethers was found to be Cu(II) > Zn(II). The stability constant for Zn2+ ion with crown ether complexes in 10 and 40 wt % solvent composition varies in the order of benzo-18-crown-6 > benzo-15-crown-5. The stability constant for Cu2+ ion with crown ether complexes in 10% solvent composition varies in the order of benzo-18-crown-6 > benzo-15-crown-5, and for 40% solvent composition, it is benzo-18-crown-6 > benzo-15-crown-5. The enthalpy and the entropy of complexation were estimated from the variation of stability constants with respect to the variation of temperature. The observed results elicit that the complexation is enthalpy stabilized, but entropy destabilized.

Performance Improvement of the All-Solid-State Battery Using Porous Li0.33La0.56TiO3 Membrane By Sol-Gel Method

IntroductionThe all-solid-state battery using a solid electrolyte has no risk of liquid leakage or ignition and it is highly reliable in terms of safety. Unlike conventional organic electrolytes, they have no fluidity, so they can be stacked. Furthermore, solid electrolytes show single conduction in which only Li+ ions move in the electrolyte. Therefore, it is expected that a high energy density can be obtained, and it is expected to be load in an electric vehicle as a next-generation storage battery. However, in all-solid-state battery, since each material is solid, it is not possible to form an interface as easily as a solid-liquid interface. In other words, the biggest challenge of all-solid-state batteries is the reducing of electrode / electrolyte interface resistance. In our laboratory, it was found that LiCoO2 (LCO) formed on a LLTO substrate using a molten salt of Li and Co has a low interface resistance (about 40 Ω･cm2) and high electrochemical activity. However, the film thickness obtained by this method is as thin as 1 μm. It is the active material that stores energy, and even if it is a thin film, it cannot move an electric vehicle. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to increase the amount of active material by using a porous LLTO membrane to three-dimensionally fill the LLTO with molten salt LCO.ExperimentalLi0.33La0.56TiO3 (LLTO) was used as the solid electrolyte. Lithium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and titanium bisammonium lactate were dissolved in a mixed solvent of water and acetic acid with Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and stirred at 298K for 12 hours. Then, obtain a coating solution. The coating liquid was formed on the LLTO substrate by a spin coating method, dried and sintered to obtain a porous film. Then, molten salt prepared by mixing and deliquescing lithium nitrate, lithium chloride, and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (88: 12: 100, mol ratio) was added dropwise to the LLTO membrane, followed by sintered at 973K for 1 h, filled with LCO. The powder X-ray diffraction measurement by CuKα radiation was performed to identify the crystalline phase and examine their crystallinity. Electrochemical testing was carried out with LCO / porous LLTO + LLTO / sulfide solid electrolyte / In-Li cell (Φ10 mm) at 323K. The rate of constant current was 1/100 C in the range of 2.0-3.6 V.Results and discussionFig. 1 is a Surface structure image of the LLTO film prepared by the sol-gel method. Its particle size is about 1 μm and pores size is about 1 μm distributed throughout the structure. By changing its preparation condition, it was possible to prepare different porosities and film thicknesses. The target LLTO single phase was confirmed from the powder XRD pattern of the LLTO membrane, and the calculated tetragonal lattice constants almost matched the literature values. The result of constant current charge-discharge measurement of this sample is shown in Fig. 2. For comparison, the result of LCO formed on a conventional LLTO sintered body is shown. It is considered that this is because both the charge and discharge specific capacity increased, and the electrochemically active LCO amount increased with the increase in the LCO-LLTO contact area. On the other hand, it has been reported that the LLTO film obtained by the sol-gel method has low ion conductivity, and here is also considered to have the possibility that the utilization rate of the active material is low. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the conductivity of the LLTO membrane. At that time, it is necessary to estimate the balance between the porosity and the conductivity of the membrane. From the above, it was clarified that the use of a porous membrane can improve the battery characteristics while increasing the LCO filling amount. Figure 1

A new Co(II) complex for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, protection and nursing effect in the pelvic inflammatory disease

A new coordination polymer with the chemical formula of [Co2(TIPA)(HCOO) (NDC)1.5]·4DMF·CH3OH·2H2O (1) has been successfully prepared by using naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) and tris(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine (TIPA) as coordination ligands and a mixed solvent of water, MeOH and DMF as the solvent system. Complex 1 shows light adsorption in the visible region because of the charge transition from ligand to the metal, which could be used for visible light degradation of rhodamine B and methylene blue with highly photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the mechanism of photocatalysis was hypothesized and verified in detail by the reaction of photocatalysis in the existence of mannitol, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, and 1,4-benzoic acid, a collector. Furthermore, the treatment activity of the compound against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was evaluated in this research. The MBC of the compound against Uu was measured in vitro. In addition to this, the ELISA detection of IL-1β and IL-6 also measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the compound on PID.

Thermophysical Properties of Solutions of Iron(III) Nitrate Nonahydrate in Mixtures of 1-Propanol and Water

The simulation of spray flame processes for the production of high-quality nanoparticles relies on thermophysical properties of the precursor solutions, for which literature data are scarce. Here, we report experimental thermophysical data of solutions of iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (INN) in (1-propanol + water) mixed solvents. The specific density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and isobaric heat capacity of the solutions were measured at 101.3 kPa between 288.15 and 333.15 K, solvent compositions ranging from 0.73 mol mol–1 1-propanol to pure water, and INN molalities up to 1.3 mol kg–1. Empirical correlations of the experimental data are provided.

Promotion effects of metallic iron on hydrothermal liquefaction of cornstalk in ethanol-water mixed solvents for the production of biocrude oil

In this article, effects of metallic Fe on biocrude oil production from cornstalk via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in ethanol–water mixed solvents were investigated under various conditions. Experiments were conducted in single solvent of water or ethanol using Fe3O4 catalyst to explore the role of metallic Fe in the liquefaction process. The physiochemical properties of the liquefaction products were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, GC–MS, FT-IR and XRD. The results showed that the maximum biocrude oil yield (approx. 50 wt%) and higher heating value (HHV) of 30.86 MJ/kg were obtained in ethanol–water mixed solvents (50/50, v/v) at 300 °C for 30 min with 10 wt% Fe loading. It was found that the presence of Fe also promoted the hydrogenation and deoxygenation of liquid products, obtaining biocrude oils mainly consisted of phenolic, ester and hydrocarbon compounds. The positive role of metallic Fe in HTL of biomass in ethanol–water mixed solvents, simultaneously improving the yield and quality of biocrude oil, was believed to be due to in-situ hydrogen formed from the reaction of metallic Fe and water, while the generated Fe3O4 exhibited negligible catalytic effect in the process.

Carbon nano-fibers/ribbons with meso/macro pores structures for supercapacitor

The solubility of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in nitromethane/water mixture was calculated by Hansen solubility parameter, and observed using optical microscope. The results showed PAN electrospinning precursor can be obtained in nitromethane and water mixed solvent with some volume ratio. PAN porous electrospun fibers/ribbons were obtained via solvent induced phase separation methods during electrospinning process. Then, PAN electrospun fibers/ribbons were carbonized and activated, the carbon nano-fibers/ribbons with meso/macro pores structure can be prepared. Furthermore, the supercapacitors were fabricated by porous PAN electrospun fibers/ribbons and carbon nano-fibers/ribbons as separator and electrode, respectively. The relationship between electrochemical performance and pore structure parameter of nano-fibers/ribbons was investigated in ionic liquid electrolyte, the results showed nano-ribbons with a high proportion meso/macro pores structure, which achieved high specific capacity (244.1 F·g−1), high charging/discharging efficiency (99.8%) and low internal resistance (0.52 Ω).

Solubility Behavior and Polymorphism of β-Arbutin in Pure and Binary Solvent Systems

The equilibrium solubility of β-arbutin (ARB) in 12 pure (including water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, n-pentanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and 1,4-dioxane) and 4 binary (water + acetone, water + isopropanol, methanol + acetonitrile, and methanol + ethyl acetate) solvent systems was measured by the gravimetric method at different temperatures under atmospheric pressure. The experimental results indicated that the solubility of ARB increased with the increase of temperature and the content of positive solvent and decreased with the increase of antisolvent composition. The ARB monohydrate was obtained from water and binary solvents containing water, and the cosolvency phenomenon was found in the mixed solvents of water + acetone, water + isopropanol, and methanol + acetonitrile. In addition, the modified Apelblat model, the Jouyban–Acree model, and the Apelblat–Jouyban–Acree model were used to correlate the experimental solubility data, and the values of average relative deviations and root-mean-square deviations between the experimental and calculated solubilities were no more than 11.534 × 10–2 and 18.472 × 10–4, respectively. The calculated values of the three thermodynamic models were in good agreement with the experimental solubility data.

A fluorescent Zn(II)-based complex for the selective detection of PA and treatment effect on uveitis by reducing the inflammatory response and inflammatory cytokine release

By using a pyrimidine-functionalized ligand 4,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (L), a new Zn(II)-based coordination polymer with the chemical formula of {[Zn0.5(L)(H2O)]·(NO3)} (1) was prepared via the reaction of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with the L ligand in water and DMF mixed solvent under solvothermal conditions. The results of fluorescence titration experiments revealed that complex 1 exhibited real-time, fluorescence quenching behavior with high sensitivity and selectivity for picric acid, and the detection limit was in the nanomole level. Furthermore, the treatment effect of the compound on uveitis was evaluated. RT-PCR was conducted to measure the relative expression levels of tlr-4 and nf-κb in the HXO-RB44 cells. ELISA assay was carried out to detect the IL-1β and IL-18 contents after compound treatment.

A Zn(II)-MOF with Suitable Pore Surroundings for Cyanosilylation Reaction and Protective Effect on Bladder Cancer Cells by Regulating miR-130 and CYLD

A porous metal–organic framework (MOF) based on Zn(II) metal nodes was prepared via reaction of rigid V-shaped ligand 2,6-di(2′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine (H4L) along with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in water and DMF mixed solvent, and its chemical formula was [Zn3(L)(OH)2(H2O)4](DMF)5 (1). The results show that the obtained activated 1a has catalytic activity for aromatic aldehydes cyanation under the existence of the trimethylsilyl cyanide, thus providing trimethylsilyl cyanohydrin in the form of shape along with size selection. In addition, a feasible synergistic mechanism of 1a for cyanosilylation of aldehyde also has been put forward. Furthermore, the treatment function of the compound on bladder cancer cells was assessed. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PT-PCR) was carried out to determine cyclindromatosis (CYLD) and miR-130 relative expression in bladder cancer cells after the combine therapy. Besides, the mechanism of the compound was explored, by evaluating the level of autophagic programed cell death by western blot.

The effect of temperature on phase equilibria of polyethylene glycol (PEG8000)-K2SO4-H2O at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15) K

The phase behavior of potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ) in polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 8000 (PEG8000) and water (H 2 O) mixed solvent at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K were determined. According to the results, when the temperature are 288.15 and 298.15 K, there is only a solid–liquid phase equilibrium relationship in the system, and the phase diagrams are both divided into three parts which respectively are the regions of unsaturated homogeneous liquid (L), one liquid and one solid K 2 SO 4 (L + S) and one liquid and two solids K 2 SO 4 and PEG8000 (L + 2S). The solubility of K 2 SO 4 in PEG8000-H 2 O mixed solvent decreased with the addition of the PEG8000 in the solution. Comparing the diagrams of 288.15 and 298.15 K, the sizes of regions of (L) and (L + S) increased and that of (L + 2S) decreased with the increase of temperature. While at 308.15 K, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium coexist, and there are six parts in the complete phase diagram at 308.15 K, adding the areas of one liquid and one solid K 2 SO 4 (L + S), two liquids (2 L), two liquids and one solid K 2 SO 4 (2 L + S). The equations developed by Merchuk, Hu, and Jayapal were used to fit the binodal curves data of the system at 308.15 K, meanwhile, the experimental tie-line data of the system at 308.15 K were correlated by Othmer-Tobias equation and Bancroft equation.

Formation thermodynamic parameters of nano copper (II) acetate monohydrate with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol in mixed solvents

The formation thermodynamic parameters, formation constants (Kf), Gibbs free energies of formation (ΔGf), enthalpies of formation (ΔHf) and entropies of formation (ΔSf) of nano copper (II) acetate monohydrate with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol as a ligand in pure DMF and in mixed DMF - water solvents are measured in different concentrations of dimethylformamide - water mixed solvents (70% DMF, 80% DMF, 90% DMF and 100% DMF) at different temperatures, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15K. The data indicate that three types of complexes with metal to ligand ratios 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometric complexes are formed. A comparison between the thermodynamic parameters of formation for the three complexes is studied.

A Porous CoII-MOF for CO2 Cycloaddition and the Protective Effect against Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection in the Department of Ultrasound

A new metal-organic framework (MOF) based on CoII ions as nodes, [Co2(H2O)3(cada)](DMF)4, which has coordinated water molecules at the occupied CoII sites along with a suitable pore environment, was constructed by reaction of 5,5′-(9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4cada) and Co(NO3)2·6H2O in a water and DMF mixed solvent. The resulting activated MOF 1ais able to uptake considerable amounts of CO2 at room temperature, and be further used for the efficient conversion of epoxides along with CO2 into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions without a co-catalyst. To control intra-hospital cross-infection in the Department of Ultrasound, the anti-bacterial activity of the compound was assessed in a systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection mouse model. The survival rate of systemic Staphylococcus aureus infected mice after compound treatment was determined to evaluate protective effect of the compound invivo. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in the organs of infected mice was also counted for further verification.

Correlation of the Volumetric Properties of Uni-Univalent Electrolytes in Methanol–Water Mixed Solvent Media: A Pitzer Ion-Interaction Approach

Although for a long time considerable attention has been paid to correlating the apparent molar volumes of electrolytes using the Pitzer ion-interaction approach in aqueous solutions, no attempt has, so far, been made to describe the volumetric data of electrolytes in mixed solvent media. This is due to the lack of experimental data on the pressure dependence of the dielectric constant in mixed solvent media. These data are essential to obtain the Debye–Huckel limiting law slopes for volumes that, in turn, are required to analyze the apparent molar volume vs. molality data of electrolytes in the light of the Pitzer ion-interaction approach. Here, we develop a convenient method which helped correlate the apparent molar volumes of electrolytes and estimate the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters for volume along with the Debye–Huckel limiting law slope for volumes. In particular, we have applied this approach to the literature apparent molar volume data of a number of uni-univalent electrolytes (viz., lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium iodide, and potassium iodide) in methanol–water mixed solvent media at different temperatures. The parameters (namely, the apparent molar volume of the electrolyte at infinite dilution, $$V_{{\phi {\text{,MX}}}}^{\infty }$$ , the second virial coefficient $$B_{{{\text{MX}}}}^{V}$$ , and the third virial coefficient, $$C_{{{\text{MX}}}}^{V}$$ ) obtained here satisfactorily describe the molality dependence of apparent molar volumes of the investigated electrolyte solutions. The present correlation indicates that the electrolytes exist essentially as free ions in methanol–water mixed solvent media in conformity with what inferred earlier from conductivity measurements.

RETRACTED: A Zn(II)-based coordination polymer: Fluorescence sensing property and treatment effect on Osteosarcoma by inducing autophagic programed cancer cell death

Abstract A novel coordination polymer {[Zn(Htctb)DMF]·DMF}n (1) has been hydrothermally synthesized via Zn(NO3)2·6H2O reacting with 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenylsulfanylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (H3tctb) in water and DMF mixed solvent. Complex 1 could be used as the probe for selective detection of Hg2+ in water phase from various cations. The detection limit for Hg2+ sensing in the water solutions utilizing complex 1 is 7 nM. Furthermore, the treatment ability of the compound on Osteosarcoma (OS) was evaluated in the bio-research. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was utilized for the evaluation of the inhibition of compound on cancer cell viability, and the transwell was carried out to determine the invasion and migration ability of cell effected by the compound. In addition to this, the western blot method was preformed to explore the mechanism of the compound treatment ability. The hypothesis that arises from the experimental observation has been further investigated by using molecular docking simulation, where the possible binding patterns between Bcl2 protein and ligand are studied explicitly.

Solid–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the System Composed of Cesium Chloride, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG1000/4000/6000) and Water at 288.15 and 308.15 K

The phase equilibria for CsCl in three polyethylene glycols (PEG) with molecular weights of 1000, 4000, 6000 g⋅mol−1 and water (H2O) mixed solvent were investigated at 288.15 and 308.15 K. The isothermal dissolution equilibrium method was applied for the solid–liquid equilibria experiments; the turbidimetric method was used for the liquid–liquid equilibria experiments. Results show that there is only solid–liquid equilibrium for the ternary system CsCl–PEG1000–H2O at 288.15 K, both solid–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibria coexist in ternary systems CsCl–PEG1000–H2O at 308.15 K and CsCl–PEG4000/6000–H2O at 288.15 and 308.15 K. For liquid–liquid equilibrium, the binodal curve and compositions of the tie-lines were obtained experimentally, and the effect of temperature and molecular weight of PEG on liquid–liquid equilibrium was discussed. It shows that the liquid–liquid equilibrium formed easily at higher temperature and larger molecular weight of PEG. Moreover, three nonlinear expressions were applied to correlate the binodal curve, and the experimental values of tie-line were correlated with a good agreement by using Othmer–Tobias, Bancroft and NRTL models.

Solubility of bisacodyl in fourteen mono solvents and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + water mixed solvents at different temperatures, and its application for nanosuspension formation using liquid antisolvent precipitation

The solubility of bisacodyl at 288.15–308.15 K was determined by solid-liquid equilibrium in fourteen solvents commonly used in pharmaceutical production. The lowest solubility is in water, and the highest is in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and other solvents that have high dielectric constants and large dipole moments. According to the Kamlet-Taft linear solvation energy relationship model, the solubility of bisacodyl decreases with increasing hydrogen bond acidity (α) of the solvent. Experimental solubility data for the fourteen mono solvents and NMP + water binary mixtures were fitted to various theoretical models. In all considered cases, the dissolution of bisacodyl is endothermic and spontaneous. Based on solubility data in the NMP + water binary mixtures, water and NMP were respectively used as antisolvent and solvent to prepare bisacodyl nanosuspensions using liquid antisolvent precipitation. A nanosuspension with mean particle size below 100 nm can be prepared by adjusting the concentration of bisacodyl in NMP and the mass fraction of NMP in the mixed solvent. These solubility data and parametric models established for bisacodyl in mono solvents and mixtures could be very useful for the purification, crystallization, particle size control, as well as dosage form development of bisacodyl.

A Co(salen)-based metal–organic framework: suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion

In this research, by using the metalloligands approach, a new heterometallic–organic framework has been successfully prepared by one-step synthesis of reacting H4L with metal acetate in water and EtOH mixed solvent, and its chemical formula is {CdNa2(H2O)3[(CoL)2Na(OH)(H2O)]}·6H2O (1, H4L = 3,3′-((1E,1′E)-(cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-hydroxybenzoic acid)). In the biological study, the CCK-8 method was exploited to determine the survival rate of MCF7 breast cancer cells after compound treatment. The plate colony formation test was used to confirm the inhibitory effect of this compound on the proliferation of MCF7 cancer cell. Besides, the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay were performed to evaluate the apoptosis of compound-treated MCF7 cells in flow cytometer, the intracellular ROS level was also measured via Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit in this study.

Solution and rheological properties of polyacrylamide in 1,4-dioxane + water mixed solvent media

The hydrodynamic properties of uncharged polymers of acrylamide has been investigated in 1,4-dioxane (DO) + water mixed solvent media at 303 K, 313 K and 323 K temperatures as probed by viscometry to explore the dimension and conformation of individual polymer molecules. In this study three different average molar masses of PAM, e.g., 8.9 × 106 (designated as Type-A), 1.6 × 106 (designated as Type-B), and 2.3 × 105 (designated as Type-C) g·mol−1 were employed. The unperturbed dimensions () under non-theta condition of polymer molecules has been determined for various solvent compositions clearly indicates that though DO acts as poor solvent in our system but some compositions of solvent acts as a good solvent. The temperature coefficient of unperturbed dimension has been found negative for polyacrylamide in the mixed solvent systems indicating a weak helical nature. Rheological stress sweep measurements of Type-A PAM solutions at 298 K reveal marked increase in elasticity upon addition of DO in the mixed solvent compared to that in pure solvent. In the shear viscosity profile a significant increase in critical shear rate is observed with increase in temperature from 293 K to 298 K. The results are discussed in the light of microstructural arrangement of the PAM aggregates under different physiological conditions.

Rational design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for purifying tylosin by seeded precipitation polymerization

A useful approach was proposed to easily synthesize molecularly imprinted adsorbent for the purification of tylosin from broth. Firstly, by molecular simulation based on density functional theory, methacrylic acid was chosen as a functional monomer by comparing the binding energy. Second, a novel method of polymerization based on precipitation polymerization with added seeds was used in water-mixed solvent for the preparation of water-compatible micron-sized MIP. Its static adsorption capacity for tylosin in aqueous solution was estimated to be 106.5 mg/g with the highest imprinting factor (IF) of 3.6. The selectivity coefficient (α) of tylosin to desmycosin was 3.3. The antibiotic in fermentation broth could be purified by means of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE), which allows MIP to be used for the purification of tylosin from a complex sample.