Mixed Potential Integral Equation Method Research Articles

On the Development and Evaluation of Spatial-Domain Green’s Functions for Multilayered Structures With Conductive Sheets

This work focuses on Green's functions (GFs) of planar multilayered structures that may include an arbitrary number of conductive sheets. The spectral-domain GFs are derived through an automatized strategy based on the propagator matrix technique, while the spatial-domain counterparts are evaluated using a novel, efficient, and error controlled numerical method. All of the procedures remain general in order to accommodate for the tensorial nature of the surface conductivity of the sheets. Numerical examples of GFs for the mixed potential integral equation method are provided, validating the proposed algorithms.

Investigation of Crosstalk and Coupling Effects of Incident Plane Waves in Orthogonal Microstrips in High-Speed Integrated Circuits Using Full-Wave and Quasi-Static Methods

The crosstalk and coupling of the external fields on orthogonal microstrip transmission lines in different layers have significant effects on signal quality in MMIC and PCBs. In this paper the crosstalk is analyzed in detail using both full-wave and quasi-static methods. The used full wave method is mixed potential integral equation method of moment (MPIEMoM). Because of the weak coupling between lines, the effect of the incident plane-wave is studied by applying transmission line theory in a scattered voltage formulation uses quasi-TEM propagation model for each interconnection and the exact distribution of the incident electric field within the layers. Afterward, by using the predetermined lumped circuit model of the cross-region, the effect of coupling between two lines is calculated and then applied to terminal voltages in 1---20 GHz frequency range which results in the final terminal voltages.

Hybrid FDTD-MPIE method for the simulation of locally inhomogeneous multilayer LTCC structure

A new hybrid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) method is proposed for the modeling of multilayer planar circuits with locally inhomogeneous objects. By using equivalence principle, the original problem can be decomposed into two kinds of regions. The FDTD method is employed to model the locally inhomogeneous objects and construct an interaction matrix to be used in the subsequent model coupling procedure. The MPIE method with less singular kernels is applied to model the layered structure with possible perfect electric conductors. The FDTD model and the MPIE model are coupled together by enforcing the continuity of the tangential electric and magnetic fields on the equivalent surface using a Galerkin testing procedure. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed hybrid FDTD-MPIE method.

Analysis and design of broadside-coupled striplines-fed bow-tie antennas

The design of a bow-tie antenna fed by broadside-coupled striplines (BCS) for the 2.4-GHz ISM band is described. The two fins of the bow tie are, respectively, on the two sides of the substrate. The feeding balanced lines adopted are the BCS. A quarter-wave transformer is used to transform the microstrip line input to the BCS feed. An analysis method based on the mixed-potential integral equation method is used to characterize the input characteristics of the bow-tie antenna. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. Through experiments with bow-tie antennas of various extended angles, the bow-tie antenna with a 90/spl deg/ extended angle exhibits the widest bandwidth in the desired frequency band, which has a bandwidth of 19% for a VSWR<1.5:1.

Application of the complex image method to multilevel, multiconductor microstrip lines

This article demonstrates the use of the complex image method for analysis of multilevel, multiconductor microstrip lines in which sources are embedded in a bounded region of a multilayered structure. A modified “relay race” technique is developed for the Green's functions when the source and field points are located on different planes of the multilevel microstrip structure. Current distributions on the microstrip lines are determined using the mixed-potential integral equation method in conjunction with triangular discretization. A procedure for extracting scattering parameters with ports of unequal impedance is also included. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Microwave Millimeter-Wave CAE 7: 359–367, 1997

Application of the complex image method to multilevel, multiconductor microstrip lines

This article demonstrates the use of the complex image method for analysis of multilevel, multiconductor microstrip lines in which sources are embedded in a bounded region of a multilayered structure. A modified “relay race” technique is developed for the Green's functions when the source and field points are located on different planes of the multilevel microstrip structure. Current distributions on the microstrip lines are determined using the mixed-potential integral equation method in conjunction with triangular discretization. A procedure for extracting scattering parameters with ports of unequal impedance is also included. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Microwave Millimeter-Wave CAE 7: 359–367, 1997

Coplanar waveguide-fed uniplanar bow-tie antenna

The design of coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed bow-tie antenna for the 2.4-GHz ISM band is described. A coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar strips (CPW-to-CPS) balun is used to obtain the balanced feed line for the printed bow-tie. An analysis method based on the mixed potential integral equation method is used to characterize the input characteristics of the bow-tie antenna. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. Through experiments with bow-tie antennas of various extended angles, the bow-tie antenna with a 90/spl deg/ extended angle exhibits the widest bandwidth in the desired frequency band which has a bandwidth of 17% for a VSWR <1.5:1.

Electromagnetic modeling of passive circuit elements in MMIC

A spatial domain mixed-potential integral equation method is developed for the analysis of microstrip discontinuities and antennas of arbitrary shape. The algorithm is based on roof-top basis functions on a rectangular and triangular mixed grid and analytical evaluation of the quadruple moment integrals involved. The algorithm has been successfully implemented into an accurate, efficient, and versatile computer program. The numerical results agree with the measured ones very well. >