Mixed Microflora Research Articles

Identification of causative agents of cow mastitis in farms of Ternopil region

Mastitis in lactating cows is a problem that causes significant economic losses and is more common on large farms with machine milking. In addition, the microbial factor is considered dominant in the etiology of mastitis. The aim of the work was to determine the prevalence of mastitis among lactating cows and to identify pathogens that are released in clinical and subclinical forms of udder inflammation. The analysis of the prevalence of mastitis in cows was carried out on four dairy farms with untethered Holstein cows and milking in modern milking parlors in the Ternopil region (Ukraine). Identification of pathogens was carried out according to methods generally recognized in microbiological practice, while commercial test systems for identification of microorganisms API (bioMerieux, France) were used. It was established that on modern dairy farms, during the year, an average of 21% of lactating cows in the winter period, and an average of 17.6 % in the summer period, fell ill with a subclinical form of mastitis. At the same time, from 1.5 to 2.9 % of cows suffered from the clinical form of mastitis during the lactation period. Among the pathogens of subclinical mastitis of cows, Str. was most often identified in the monoculture. agalactiae, which was isolated from a third of the diseased quarters. A little less often in monoculture, the causative agent of mastitis was Staph. aureus, which was identified in 31.4 ± 2.7 % of quarters. The number of diseased udder quarters from which two pathogens Str. agalactiae and Staph. aureus was 27.8 ± 2.3 %. Association of three pathogens (Staph. aureus + E. coli + P. aeruginosa) caused subclinical mastitis in 7.3 ± 0.8 % of udder quarters. The main pathogen of the clinical form of mastitis in farms was Staph. aureus, which was identified in monoculture in 35.8 ± 3.1 % of sick cows. Only 2 % less E. coli was isolated from the inflamed mammary gland in monoculture (33.9 ± 2.8 %). Mixed microflora from three pathogens (Staph. aureus + E. coli + P. aeruginosa) was isolated for clinical mastitis in 22.6 ± 1.9 % of cases. Rarely (in 7.7 ± 0.6 %) an association of two pathogens (Staph. aureus + P. aeruginosa) was isolated from the udder quarters of patients with clinical mastitis. Therefore, the causative agents of the clinical form of mastitis are the same pathogens that cause subclinical mastitis, which must be taken into account in the prevention program of this disease.

Urinary tract infections in pregnant women

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common pathology among pregnant women and are associated with maternal and foetal complications. According to some authors, the incidence of UTIs increased 4 times in the last decades of the 20th century. Escherichia coli is the most predominant pathogen causing up to 80% of UTIs, Klebsiella is ranked second causing up to 8% of UTIs, and pathogenic staphylococcus and mixed microflora are ranked third. To diagnose UTIs, laboratory, physical and radiological diagnostic methods are applied. According to most authors, informative value yielded by lab tests is more than 90%. The prescription of antibacterial chemotherapy should be based on the results of urine culture and sensitivity testing. Before the test results are obtained, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs (ABs) are usually prescribed. The most commonly used therapy regimens are third-generation cephalosporins with dose adjustments, as may be necessary, after sensitivity is determined. Some authors recommend to continue treatment with urinary tract antiseptics after AB therapy is completed. The impaired urine output should be restored before AB therapy is prescribed. This review presents an analysis of the literature that was found in the databases PubMed (the National Library of Medicine), The Cochrane Library, as well as in the research citation databases (Scopus, Web of Science). The etiological factors and features of the pathogenesis of UTIs in pregnant women, as well as diagnostic standards, are described. The current guidelines for the treatment and prevention of UTIs in pregnant women are considered and antibacterial therapy regimens with current dosage forms are presented. The benefits of using cefixime dispersible forms are described in detail.

Mixed Strain Fermentation and Metabonomics for Solving Issues of Bioproduction.

In the research of mixed microbial cultures, the numbers and identifications of individual strains are often fully or partially unknown. Their metabolic capabilities are also partially unpredictable, especially if the joint potential is to be understood. In these kinds of situations, deeper insight into the variable microbial communities cannot be obtained by genetic analysis only. Even more critical than the taxonomic aspect is usually the functional metabolic outcome of the mixed flora in question. The results from such studies as NMR (nucleic magnetic resonance) give a precise view from versatile angles into the biochemical activities during the multiparametric metabolic responses of the microflora as a whole.Originally, metabonomics was mainly used for the pathophysiological research of various microbes or for recording the genetic or biochemical modifications of mixed microflora. This approach offers a tool for monitoring changes in microscopic or otherwise confined ecosystems or multiple locations from which representative specimens are difficult to obtain. In microbiological studies, the research group can attain overall views on variable populations and their alterations in time and space.

Microbiological monitoring in a urological hospital as a method for control of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens

BACKGROUND: A rational choice of antibacterial therapy for hospital infections is a condition for successful treatment of patients.
 AIM: The aim of this study is a comparative assessment of the species composition of pathogens and the level of their resistance to antibacterial drugs in patients with complicated urinary tract infections in a urological hospital.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of the results of microbiological examination of urine samples from 1317 patients (795 men and 522 women) with complicated urinary tract infection who were hospitalized in a urology clinic during the period 2020–2021 was carried out.
 RESULTS: Gram-negative microflora was detected in 703 (53.4%) patients, gram-positive microflora in 531 (40.3%) patients and mixed microflora in 83 (6.3%) patients. Among gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (23.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.1%) were predominate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9%) and Proteus mirabilis (2.8%) were less frequently detected. A high frequency of detection of gram-positive microflora of the genera Enterococcus (21.4%) and Staphylococcus (12.7%) was noted. When compared with the results of a similar study from 2018 to 2020 there is a decrease in the detection rate of E. coli from 28.2% to 23.1%. Antibiotic resistance of hospital strains of uropathogens varies significantly for different antimicrobial drugs. Most often resistance to representatives of three or more groups of antibiotics was observed in K. pneumoniae (46.6%), less commonly in E. coli (19.5%) and rarely in Enterococcus spp. (5.9%).
 CONCLUSIONS: Microbiological monitoring allows us to assess the etiological structure and level of antibiotic resistance of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Local data on the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs make it possible to rationally carry out perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and prescribe empirical therapy for urinary tract infections before obtaining the results of a microbiological study.

Comprehensive Biodegradation Analysis of Chemically Modified Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Materials with Different Crystal Structures.

This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and chemically modified PHB with different chemical and crystal structures in a soil environment. A polymer modification reaction was performed during preparation of the chemically modified PHB films, utilizing 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane as a free-radical initiator and maleic anhydride. Films of neat PHB and chemically modified PHB were prepared by extrusion and thermocompression. The biological agent employed was natural mixed microflora in the form of garden soil. The course and extent of biodegradation of the films was investigated by applying various techniques, as follows: a respirometry test to determine the production of carbon dioxide through microbial degradation; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); optical microscopy; fluorescence microscopy; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Next-generation sequencing was carried out to study the microbial community involved in biodegradation of the films. Findings from the respirometry test indicated that biodegradation of the extruded and chemically modified PHB followed a multistage (2-3) course, which varied according to the spatial distribution of amorphous and crystalline regions and their spherulitic morphology. SEM and polarized optical microscopy (POM) confirmed that the rate of biodegradation depended on the availability of the amorphous phase in the interspherulitic region and the width of the interlamellar region in the first stage, while dependence on the size of spherulites and thickness of spherulitic lamellae was evident in the second stage. X-ray diffraction revealed that orthorhombic α-form crystals with helical chain conformation degraded concurrently with β-form crystals with planar zigzag conformation. The nucleation of PHB crystals after 90 days of biodegradation was identified by DSC and POM, a phenomenon which impeded biodegradation. Fluorescence microscopy evidenced that the crystal structure of PHB affected the physiological behavior of soil microorganisms in contact with the surfaces of the films.

An immobilized mixed microflora approach to enhancing hydrogen and methane productions from high-strength organic loading food waste hydrolysate in series batch reactors

The immobilized cells technology was used for enhancing the two stages batch bioreactors in series from high-strength food waste hydrolysate. Carrageenan and gelatin were used as support materials to create immobilized cells to improve microorganisms’ stability, activity, and productivity. It was found a promising advantages of a higher hydrogen and methane production rates, better stability, and resistance to shock loads to reduce the cost of producing biogaseous fuels from food waste. It was found that optimal biohydrogen production based on the working volume was 1.00 L H2/L which using 80 g COD/L of food waste hydrolysate and 20% of immobilized cells, and peak of methane production of 11.72 L CH4/L which using 120 g COD/L and 30% of immobilized cells. The yield of hydrogen and methane were 21.33 mL H2/g VS and 373.83 mL CH4/g VS respectively. TS, VS, and COD removal efficiency were 91.24, 90.64, and 86.35%, respectively. This study can support an efficient bioenergy production system development from a sustainable valuable feedstock such as a high-strength organic food waste.

Microbiological aspects of acute odontogenic osteomyelitis in children

Objective: to determine the species composition of pathogens of acute odontogenic inflammatory processes of the jaws in children, to determine the sensitivity and resistance of the isolated microflora to antibiotics of various groups, as well as to determine the dependence of the characteristics of the clinical course of the disease on the type of dominant pathogen. Material and methods. The analysis of the results of microbiological methods for the study of exudate from purulent odontogenic foci of 900 children, due to periostitis and osteomyelitis of the jaws, was carried out. Results. In 65.6% of cases, the causative agent was Pyogenic streptococcus or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (BHSA) ith a high level of sensitivity to vancomycin (99%), fluoroquinolones (98%), beta-lactams (91 %) and the highest percentage of resistance to macrolides (41%). Streptococcus viridans (6.1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.3%) and others were also isolated; mixed microflora (14.3%). The syndrome of endogenous intoxication of the body was manifested in 56% of cases by fever, in 38% by leukocytosis, in 57.4% by accelerated ESR. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of endogenous intoxication in groups with different types of streptococcus. Conclusions. The cause of the inflammatory process of the jaws in 65.6% of cases was BHSA with a high level of sensitivity to vancomycin (99%), fluoroquinolones (98%), beta-lactams (91 %).

Biogenic methane production from lignite in cube: Comparison of the inner and outer part of coal

The methane generation by coal biodegradation has been widely demonstrated in the laboratory. However, powder coal was mostly employed, and little is known about the methane production from coal in cube. A 2L fermenter was used here to perform the anaerobic degradation of lignite in cube by a fungi-methanogens mixed microflora. The results showed that the methane production reached 6578.51 μmol. After degradation, the contents of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and aromatic functional groups decreased in the inner part of residual coal (Inc) and reduced more in the outer part (ExC), suggesting that microorganisms can act inside the coal matrix although the action weakens. The specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (PV) decreased in Inc but Increased in ExC due to the antagonistic effect of biodegradation and the retention of organics and microorganisms. Fermentative fungi and Methanosarcina dominated in fermentation broth where acids, especially fatty acids were the main intermediates. The results revealed that methane generation by biodegradation also happened inside coal matrix, laying a fundamental basis for the application of microbially enhanced coalbed methane. And further efforts are needed to enhance biodegradation to improve methane production and pore development.

Dynamics of 17β-estradiol under influence of technological operations during production of dairy products

Safety of milk can decline because of high concentrations of steroid hormones like 17β-estradiol, which is associated with the development of some oncological diseases and reproductive disorders. We studied the effects of thermal processing of raw milk and technologies of production of butter and yogurt on the concentration of 17β-estradiol. For this purpose, we determined the amount of 17β-estradiol in raw milk, after pasteurization under different regimes, boiling and during the production of butter and yogurt. Content of 17β-estradiol was determined using the method of immunoenzymatic analysis. We determined that low-temperature processing of milk at the temperature of 77.0 ± 1.0 °С for 1 min caused no changes in the structure of the estrogenic hormone 17β-estradiol, resulting in practically no changes in its amount in pasteurized milk. We determined that 17β-estradiol in milk is a temperature-stable hormone with no tendencies towards significant decrease when subject to high-temperature processing (85.0 ± 1.0 °С for 1 min) and during boiling, because the amount of the hormone decreased on average by 5%. Therefore, we may state that after pasteurization or sterilization, the concentration of 17β-estradiol in drinkable milk would not be significantly different from its initial amount in raw milk. We determined significant increase in 17β-estradiol in butter (3896.1 ± 67.5 pg/g), as compared with the concentration in raw milk (189.4 ± 12.5 pg/mL), and its insignificant content in buttermilk was insignificant (29.3 ± 1.8 pg/mL). The concentration of 17β-estradiol in milk decreased by 25% during 9-month storage at the temperature of –18 °С and by 20% at the temperature of –9 °С. This process can be applied to butter made from milk of cows at late stages of lactation, which contains high level of estrogen. We determined that the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol did not break down under the influence of dairy acid that accumulates as a result of lactic acid fermentation, both with the participation of mixed microflora of raw milk and pure lactic-acid bacteria of fermentation starter for yogurt. The prospects of the studies are the development of a safe maximum allowable level of 17β-estradiol in raw milk and methodological evaluation at a milk-processing factory.

Возможности профилактики инфекционных осложнений при выполнении малых хирургических вмешательств в гинекологии

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of an antiseptic disinfectant containing benzyl-dimethyl-[3-(tetradecanoylamino)propyl] ammonium chloride as an active ingredient in the form of vaginal suppositories as a preoperative management for scheduled surgery in women with vaginal microbiocenosis disorder. Patients and Methods: a prospective open-label study of the prevention of postoperative complications in 58 women admitted to a gynecological short-stay unit was conducted. The initial examination included history taking, comprehensive clinical and laboratory examinations, bacterioscopy of cervical and vaginal discharge with Gram stain, and vaginal discharge pH measurement. Surgery (diagnostic dilation and curettage along with hysteroscopy for endometrial hyperplasia) was scheduled in all women. 8.0±1.0 days before surgery, preoperative treatment to prevent infectious complications was performed using benzyl-dimethyl-[3-(tetradecanoylamino)propyl] ammonium chloride monohydrate in the form of 15-mg vaginal suppositories (1 suppository), once daily for 7 days. 30 days after surgery, re-examination of vaginal microflora and microbiocenosis was performed in all women. Results: an increase in WBC count, mixed microflora, and Candida spores were detected at the first visit. Before preventive treatment, vaginal microbiocenosis was characterized by a decrease in the number of obligate microbes in the vaginal biotope. No infectious postoperative complications were reported, and the early and late postoperative period was uneventful. In 56 women (96.5%), normocenosis was revealed (19 women were previously diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, 25 with candidiasis, and 12 with nonspecific vaginitis). Two women (3.5%) had intermediate-type vaginal microbiocenosis. In 54 women (93.1%), the preparation was well-tolerated, while 4 women (6.9%) complained of short-term burning. Conclusions: the preparation can be recommended as a preventive antiseptic agent before scheduled minor gynecological surgeries in women with vaginal microbiocenosis disorder. KEYWORDS: minor gynecological surgeries, postoperative infectious inflammatory complications, prevention, vaginal microflora, hysteroscopy, antiseptic agent. FOR CITATION: Khlynova S.A., Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Kerchelaeva S.B., Fisenko A.D., Dimitrova V.I. Prevention of infectious complications in minor gynecological surgeries. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(3):270–275 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-3-9.

РОЛЬ УСЛОВНО-ПАТОГЕННОЙ МИКРОФЛОРЫ В ЭТИОЛОГИИ МАСТИТА У КОРОВ

During the bacteriological study of 412 samples of udder secretion from cows with mastitis, 121 cultures of microorganisms of 15 species were isolated, which were represented in 54.9% of cases by gram–positive cocci, the remaining 45.1% by representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae and Ps. aegidinosa families, staphylococci prevailed – 28.6%, streptococci – 22.6%, enterococci – 19.2%. At the same time, in some farms, the mammary gland of cows is infected to a greater extent with staphylococci, in others with streptococci, in some mixed microflora prevails. With the incidence of mastitis in cows exceeding 30%, microflora was isolated from 81.8% of udder secretion samples, including pathogenic microflora (Staph. aureus, E. soli) – in 32.7% of cases, conditionally pathogenic (C. diversus, Ent. faecalis) – 23.6% and 20.0% – saprophytic microflora (Staph. saprophyticus, Staph. epidermidis, Ent. aegodes, Ps. aeruginosa) and fungi (Candida) – 5.5%. Pathogens were absent in 18.2% of udder secretion samples from cows with mastitis. At the same time, it should be noted that gross violations in the technology of machine milking of cows were noted in these farms. The results of the study showed that in clinically healthy lactating cows, the coefficient of bactericidal activity of the udder skin varies depending on the functional state of the breast and has a maximum value of 91.8±2.0% in the first week after delivery, decreasing to 87.8±2.4% by the middle of lactation and becomes minimal during the launch period – 79.7± 2.3%. The change in the bactericidal coefficient of the udder nipple skin is associated with the state of other non-specific local protection factors, in particular, the lysozyme M titer and the level of somatic cells. The above indicates that the violations that took place led to a decrease in their general and local resistance and infection not only with pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic (incidence 10-30%), but also with saprophytic microflora (incidence more than 30%), and the absence of microflora in 18.2% of cases indicates that mastitis initially begins to develop as aseptic, and then when infected with microflora − as an infectious process of varying severity.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ ОСТРЫХ ОДОНТОГЕННЫХ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЧЕЛЮСТЕЙ ВДЕТСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

The goal.Studying the clinical course’s features of acute odontogenic inflammatory processes of the jaws in children, describing species composition of pathogens, determination sensitivity to antibiotics of various groups in acute odontogenic inflammatory processes of the jaws in childhood. Materials and methods.The case histories of 900 patients were analyzed, microbiological research methods were carried out (microscopic examination of clinical samples with Gram staining, culture method, determination of the sensitivity of theisolated pathogen to antimicrobial drugs).Results.The most common odontogenic inflammatory processes of the jaws were observed in children aged 4–5 years. In48,85 % of cases in a milk bite and in 67,92 % of cases in a permanent bite, the cause of the development of an odontogenic inflammatory process was complicated caries of the mandibular molars. 56% of children had a general condition. The leading causative agent of the inflammatory process of the jaws was in 65,6 % of cases hemolytic streptococcus. In other cases, Streptococcus Viridans(6,1 %), pneumococci (4,3 %), candida (3 %), Staphylococcus aureus(2,8 %), Moraxella cataralis(1,2 %), etc. were detected in the mixed microflora of purulent exudate. The drugs of choice for empirical antibiotic therapy for odontogenic inflammatory process caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A are vancomycin (antibiotic sensitivity –99 %), fluoroquinolones (antibiotic sensitivity –98 %), beta-lactams (antibiotic sensitivity –91 %). The highest percentage of resistance of this microflora was noted to macrolides (41 %), and to clindamycin (33 %). The rapid spread of the purulent-inflammatory process in the maxillofacial region in acute odontogenic processes in children, the resistant microflora of the odontogenic purulent focus require a competent approach when providing emergency care.Conclusions.The obtained has great practical importance for the choice of rational antibiotic therapy.

Effect of temperature on bio-hythane production and bioremediation of recalcitrant dye by means of two anaerobic processes

A series of batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature on the improvement of bio-hythane production, thermodynamic characteristics, and decolorization efficiency of anaerobic degradation of C.I. acid red 88 containing wastewater. The maximum accumulated bioH2 gas reached 0.43 l/g VS under 65 °C and the target dye was hydrolyzed with a 98% color removal. Under mesophilic temperature, bio-hydrogen production was unstable due to growing unfavorable mixed microflora. The methanogenesis bacteria activity showed better performance under temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation was reached 70.2% under 45 °C, with the highest methane bioconversion that was recorded. Our results confirmed that temperature is a significant factor in improving biogas production and treated wastewater’s quality for reuse. The activation energy for hydrogen and methane is determined using regression (R2, 0.95 and 0.96) to be 102.3 and 97.4 kJ/mol, respectively.Graphical abstract

Application of probiotics in complex therapy of chronic tonsillitis

Aim. To study the effectiveness of bacteriophage therapy with the combined medicament “Complex pyobacteriophage” and “Sextafag”.Material and research methods. We examined 44 patients (24 women and 20 men) on an outpatient basis at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Avicenna Tajik State Medical University.Results and its discussion. The results of the study of the microflora of the tonsils of patients with CT showed in 52% (13) of cases in 1st group of patients and in 56% (14) of cases in the second group presence of S. aureus, in 25%(6) and 28% (7) of cases mixed microflora - S. pyogenes together with S. salivarius was found and 25% (6) and 20% (5) cases showed S. aureus together with S. Pyogenes. It turned out that bacteriophage therapy with the “Complex pyobacteriophage” reduced a bit more the total contamination of the pharynx. However, there was no complete elimination of Staphylococcus aureus strains; single colonies remained in 5 (28%) patients with chronic tonsillitis.Conclusions. 1. The use of the medicament “complex pyobacteriophage” as a part of local therapy in patients with chronic tonsillitis is an effective and safe method of sanitation of the palatine tonsils.2. The specific selective antibacterial action of this drug prevents a prolonged stay of the focus of infection, thereby prolonging the period of remission.3. Prevention of the focus of infection in the tonsils contributes to the increase of local and general immunity of the body.

OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS OF THE UPPER JAW

Abstract: The therapy of odontogenic cysts of the upper and lower jaws, both conservative and operative, is of a complex nature – the frequency of this disease, according to the data, does not decrease. A number of researchers believe that the risk of inflammatory complications in odontogenic cysts is very high. The result of the injection of an odontogenic cyst of the upper jaw can be the occurrence of acute osteomyelitis with the development of a fistula and the outflow of purulent discharge into the maxillary sinus, which can later lead to the development of chronic odontogenic sinusitis. Studies of pus and granulations and analysis of the results obtained in most cases indicate a mixed microflora (staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus, etc.). Also, when analyzing the literature, it was noted that the surgical treatment of odontogenic cysts localized on the upper jaw, as well as the use of osteoplastic materials for filling bone defects is very ambiguous and contradictory. The authors justify this fact by the fact that there is a high risk of relapses, in particular, after cystectomy, the probability of relapse is at least 17.8%. The usual scenario for conducting such nosologies is radical excision of odontogenic cysts of the jaws, after which a long time is needed to restore the bone defect, as well as adequate subsequent prosthetics. Based on these data, modern authors develop low-traumatic, sparing methods of surgical treatment of odontogenic cysts, especially of the upper jaw, including using endoscopic techniques. Based on the above, an urgent task for dental surgeons is to optimize the methods of surgical treatment of odontogenic cysts of the upper jaw, in particular with a decrease in the volume of the operating field.

Characterization and potential of two different anaerobic mixed microflora for bioenergy recovery and decolorization of textile wastewater: Effect of C/N ratio, dye concentration and pH

A series of standardized activity experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the C/N ratio, dye concentration, and pH on the performance of two mesophilic mixed cultures for bioenergy production and decolorization of textile wastewater. The results showed that the most significant factor was the C/N ratio with LogWorth value of 9.961. The maximum methane yield reached 13.18 ± 0.64 mmoL/g COD with chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation and decolorization of 84.32 and 98%, respectively under digested sludge. The propionate and butyric acid/acetic acid ratio were significantly affected by C/N ratio and the results of C/N ratio were explained by changes in the soluble by-products. The dye concentration of 100 mg/L yielded the highest biogas production with a maximum decolorization percentage. The digested sludge showed better performance under all tested conditions compared to granular sludge. Analysis of the data showed that the best condition was observed and the bioreaction was optimized.

The use of Decasan in the local treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the tonsils

Chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of the tonsils are predominantly asocialized with bacteria of Streptococcus pyogenes species. However, a mixed microflora, including fungal, is often growing, and tonsillitis can be associated with viral pathogens. Modern antiseptic drug Dekasan, due to its bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, sporocidal activity, is a highly effective means for the sanitization of the the palatine tonsils. It can reliably reduce the incidence of tonsillitis, thus reducing the need for systemic antibiotics and will slow the rate of antibiotic resistance.

Vaginal biocenosis in patients with gynecological cancers.

e17574 Background: The purpose of the study was to assess vaginal biocenosis in patients with gynecological cancers (GCs) and in non-cancer women. Methods: The study included 50 patients aged 52.3+2 years with histologically verified GCs (cervical cancer – 23, endometrial cancer – 27) – group 1, and 22 non-cancer women aged 42.4+2.3 – group 2. Vaginal swabs were taken prior to antitumor treatment. Real-time PCR was used to determine the total bacteria mass (TBM) and DNAs of 16 groups of microorganisms: Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis+Prevotella bivia+Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp.+Leptotrichia spp.+Fusobacterium spp., Megasphaera spp.+Veillonella spp.+Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp.+Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp.+Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Candida spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum+ parvum), Mycoplasma genitalium. Results: Vaginal biocenosis was assessed as normocenosis in 12 (24%) women in group 1 and 12 (54.5%, p = 0.012) women in group 2; conditional normocenosis - 2 (4%) and 3 (13.6%, p > 0.05); dysbiosis - 36 (72%) and 7 (31.8%, p = 0.0017), respectively. Anaerobic bacteria prevailed in women with dysbiosis in both groups (46% and 22.7%, p = 0.005); aerobic dysbiosis was registered in 16% and 4.5% (p > 0.05), mixed dysbiosis – in 10% and 4.5% (p > 0.05) of women of groups 1 and 2, respectively. Normal flora ( Lactobacillus spp.) was observed in 23 (46.0%) in group 1 and 17 (77.3%, p = 0.02) in group 2. Streptococcus spp. >10% of TBM were found in 9 (21.9%) women in group 1 and not found in group 2 (p = 0.049). Gardnerella vaginalis+Prevotella bivia+Porphyromonas spp. >10% of TBM were found in 27 (54.0%) in group 1 and 6 (27.3%, p = 0.031) in group 2; Staphylococcus spp. - 13 (26.0%) in group 1 and 12 (54.5%, p = 0.031) in group 2. Conclusions: Development of gynecological tumors was accompanied by a sharp decrease in Lactobacillus spp., a significant increase in Gardnerella vaginalis+ Prevotella bivia+ Porphyromonas spp. and Streptococcus spp., vaginal dysbiosis with a predominance of anaerobic and mixed microflora.

Анализ результатов лечения хронического одонтогенного остеомиелита нижней челюсти

Subject. More than 70% of patients with chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis are of working age. Chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis is detected in 10% of the total number of patients admitted to the maxillofacial hospital. In more than 20% of cases, relapses of diseases after osteonecrsequestrectomy are noted. Objective. To analyze the results of treatment of patients with chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw to identify predisposing factors to the development of relapses after osteonecrosequestrectomy. Methodology. The analysis of medical records of 30 patients with chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw, whose complex treatment included radical osteonecrosequestrectomy, was carried out. Re-sults. The average duration of inpatient treatment was 8.2±1.97 days, and patients with a bur-dened somatic history were treated 1.7 times longer. The most common cause of the disease (70%) was an inflammatory process localized in the area of the 3rd molar. Microbiological monitoring of the wound discharge after radical osteonecrsequestrectomy showed that the most common causative agent (70%) of cases was Staphylococcus aureus. At the same time, 60% of patients have a mixed microflora. This group of patients had the highest duration of inpatient treatment up to 16 days. The presence of a focus of chronic infection has not only a local (soreness, hyperemia, edema), but also a systemic effect on the body, which is reflected in the change in blood parameters. Conclusion. The residual microflora is a phlogogenic factor of local inflammation, acting as a trigger for primary alteration, stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators.

Особливості мікрофлори при дисбактеріозах урогенітального тракту у жінок

The microbiocenosis of the vagina is a set of microorganisms that inhabit this habitat, normally represented mainly by lactobacilli. The condition of the microbiocenosis of the vagina is of great importance for reproductive health. Bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis are infectious diseases of the vagina caused by imbalances between physiological and opportunistic microflora, which are normally found in small quantities. The purpose of the study. The work is devoted to the study and analysis of the microflora of the urogenital tract of women in different periods of life with dysbiotic disorders. Materials and methods. A study of the vaginal microflora of 50 women of different ages who complained to a gynecologist was carried out. Microscopic examination of biological material from the vagina using Pappenheim staining showed complete or partial absence of lactobacilli in the samples and their replacement by other bacteria. Smear microscopy showed an increased content of epithelial cells, leukocytes and "key cells" - Gardnerella vaginalis in 25% of women of the 2nd age category (25-35 years old). In women of the 1st and 3rd age categories (15-25 and 45-65 years old, respectively), the content of epithelial cells and leukocytes was normal or slightly higher than normal. Results and discussion. In no case were gonococci and Trichomonas detected in the examined smears. Lactobacilli (bacillus flora) were most often registered in the 1st age category - almost 80%, against 12% in the second and 13% in the third. In 68% of women of the 2nd age category the mixed coco-stick flora prevailed; in the 3rd age group mixed microflora was found in 36% of people; in the first – was absent. Poor microflora was most often found in group 3 of women – 66%, against 20% in group 2, and was not observed in women of group 1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify microorganisms in the studied samples. Conclusion. As a result of the survey of women of all ages, 155 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were isolated. The largest number of samples contained Candida spp. (18.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (10.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (9.7%), Streptococcus spp. (7.1%), Mobiluncus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia spp., Eubacterium spp. were detected in a small number of samples, Ureaplasma urealytic and Mycoplasma hominis were not detected