Mixed Methods Data Research Articles

Ethiopian EFL teachers’ classroom practice and learners’ view on teaching and learning English speaking skill

Communication capacity (Speaking skill) in English language education is a difficult task that needs effective guidance and sustainable practice. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the Implementation of Teaching and Learning English Speaking Skills in Ethiopian EFL Classes. The design of the study was descriptive survey. There were 523 students included using a simple random sampling technique and 30 EFL teachers using an availability sampling technique. To collect data, questionnaire for students and Focus Group Discussions for teachers were used. Mixed method data analysis was used. The results showed that EFL teachers were not using different techniques to teach English speaking skills, and they were not making sustainable follow-ups on how learners performed. They also apply the teacher-centered method rather than the learner’s method. Learners face challenges from their mother tongue's influence, lack of confidence, and fear of making a mistake. EFL teachers were also challenged by student-related problems like being disinterested in being involved in the actual teaching and learning actively, uncomfortably of the school compound, absence of well-equipped English mini-media, and the bulkiness of the textbook. Thus, EFL teachers should use various techniques, school administration should avail the resource and students should be participatory in their learning.

Mixed-method approach to informing a lifestyle intervention to improve the survivorship of patients with endometrial cancer

ObjectivesTo identify endometrial cancer survivors' (ECS) barriers and facilitators for participation in lifestyle interventions to improve their dietary and exercise behaviors. Our secondary objective is to determine baseline information: physical activity level, quality of life (QoL), and impact of COVID-19 on exercise, diet, and mental health. MethodsObese, early-stage ECS participated in 2-part mixed-methods data collection; Part 1: survey gathering sample characteristics, QoL, exercise, and basic endometrial cancer- related knowledge. Part 2: virtual focus group or individual interviews using a brainwriting premortem protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 8.3). Qualitative data were analyzed using deductive thematic coding guided by the RE-AIM framework. ResultsTwenty percent (70/358) of ECS from a survivorship database and clinic recruitment completed the survey; 16 ECS provided qualitative feedback. Common barriers to intervention participation included time and resource costs, meeting frequency, and pessimism about weight loss maintenance. Facilitators included an opportunity to connect with other survivors and a focus on health rather than weight loss. Most ECS could not identify exercise guidelines (60%) and 83% were not meeting these guidelines. Higher BMI was correlated with a lower confidence in completing in moderate physical activity (p-value = 0.0206). Post-COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity, nutritional decisions, and/or mental health worsened for 67% of ECS. ConclusionECS are a disparate population, with worsening behaviors and mental health following the pandemic. The identified ECS-specific barriers and facilitators to behavioral intervention participation are being used to simultaneously improve the reach of and adherence to a lifestyle intervention aimed at improving their health and QoL.

EXPLORING THE FEMALE EFL TEACHER’S LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT LITERACY (LAL): A NARRATIVE INQUIRY

Most teachers in Indonesia assess their students through a common test such as mid-term test and final semester test. In terms of assessing English language, the students need to be assessed on 4 (four) skills which are listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The process of assessment could be very tricky if the teachers do not have sufficient Language Assessment Literacy (LAL). It is because the government, through Kurikulum Merdeka, promotes the learning process as essential as the learning products. Teachers need to know all their students’ English learning journey, so they will not face confusion to determine the assessment scores in the end. In Indonesia, generally female EFL teachers have double roles as wife or mother at home and as a teacher in school. This study explores a female EFL teacher’s experience with non-permanent teacher status in describing her LAL. This study will also investigate female teacher’s challenges faced during the application of assessment in the EFL classroom. A narrative inquiry research with mixed-method data collection was employed to have in-depth understanding of the teacher’s experience. The result showed the participant’s LAL category was at a fair level. The reasons could be limited time factor, double roles, and limited information for getting seminar/workshop/training on the assessment.
 Keywords : female efl teacher, language assessment literacy, narrative inquiry

The implementation, use and impact of patient reported outcome measures in value-based healthcare programmes: A scoping review.

Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) focuses on the value of patient outcomes and is achieved by ensuring resources already available are managed to realise the best possible individual and population health outcomes. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) measure the impact of illnesses from the patient perspective. We conducted a scoping review to understand how PROMs were implemented and used, and their impact in the context of VBHC. Arksey and O'Malley's overarching framework supplemented by principles from mixed-methods Framework Synthesis were used. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar and reference lists were searched. An a priori data extraction framework was created using the review question and objectives as key domains against which to extract data. Mixed-methods data were organised, integrated and preserved in original format and reported for each domain. Forty-three studies were included with 60,200 participants. Few studies reported a well-developed programme theory and we found little robust evidence of effect. PROMs were universally considered to have the potential to increase patient satisfaction with treatment and services, enhance patient awareness of symptoms and self-management, and improve health outcomes such as quality of life and global health status. Evidence is currently limited on how PROMs work and how best to optimally implement PROMs to achieve the target outcome. Implementation challenges commonly prevented the realisation of optimal outcomes and patients generally needed better and clearer communication about why PROMs were being given and how they could optimally be used to support their own self-management. PROMSs have yet to demonstrate their full potential in a VBHC context. Optimal PROMs implementation is poorly understood by clinicians and patients. Future studies should explore different models of PROM implementation and use within VBHC programmes to understand what works best and why for each specific context, condition, and population.

Socially sustainable housing and built environments to support the health and social inclusion of older adults: protocol for a scoping review and stakeholder consultation

IntroductionHousing and the ageing population are issues that pose challenges for social, health and economic policies. Therefore, there is a need for more knowledge on how to design housing and...

Research supervisors and undergraduate students’ perceived gains from undergraduate research experiences in the social sciences

ABSTRACT Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) enhance student retention, provide transferrable skills, and prepare students for advanced graduate study. The majority of these benefits, however, are concentrated within the natural and biological sciences; disciplines with historical under-representation of non-male students. If offered in the social sciences, UREs would be more accessible to women, students of colour, and first-generation students. But there are relatively few models and little research to confirm that UREs in the social sciences offer similar benefits to students. Using mixed methods data, we compare students’ (n = 122) and research supervisors’ (n = 56) perceptions of success in meeting learning outcomes for students participating in social science UREs. The combination of quantitative and qualitative survey data shows that students gain skills in research (e.g. data collection, management, and analysis) as well as other transferrable skills helpful in various career paths (e.g. collaboration, time management, problem-solving). We also demonstrate that faculty supervisors perceive significant benefits from overseeing UREs, such as enhancing professional development and increased job satisfaction. These findings demonstrate the need for expanding UREs beyond the biological/natural sciences where they have been focused to date.

Ultra-brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (for routine primary care visits: Feasibility and acceptability of a brief provider training workshop.

Most Americans with symptoms of depression and anxiety receive treatment exclusively from their primary care providers (PCPs). Existing primary care interventions typically do not occur within the initial patient interaction, rely on delivery by mental health specialists, and have lengthy training programs. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the training workshop for an ultra-brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (UB-CBT) single-session intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms that was developed to address these barriers. The 1-hr UB-CBT training workshop was piloted in 2021 with 38 providers at three adult primary care and five family medicine sites in Vermont. PCPs completed questionnaires after the training workshop. Data were collected in 2021 with a sample of participants who were primarily women (66%) and white (82%). We used a concurrent triangulation design integrating mixed-methods data. Most providers found the training highly feasible and acceptable. The majority agreed or strongly agreed that the workshop provided sufficient training for using the intervention (91%), they were satisfied with the UB-CBT intervention (92%), and the intervention seemed easy to administer (97%). Qualitative findings highlighted that providers especially liked the user-friendliness and general feasibility of the intervention, but had some concerns about time. We outlined several steps that will address PCPs' concerns to improve the UB-CBT training experience and intervention. Future research should examine the effectiveness of the UB-CBT intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Person-centred caregiver singing for people living with dementia in South Africa: A mixed methods evaluation of acceptability, feasibility, and professional caregivers' experiences.

Dementia care in South Africa faces challenges including a paucity of published research, a prevalent medical model in healthcare, and inadequate caregiver training. Music is a meaningful psychosocial intervention in dementia care, yet its application is not always safe and effective. A training protocol was codesigned to enhance caregivers' delivery of person-centred care through attuned, live singing. This study explored the acceptability and caregivers' experiences of a person-centred caregiver singing (PCCS) protocol in South Africa. A PCCS workshop was applied at seven aged care homes in Cape Town, South Africa. Forty-one formal caregivers adhered to inclusion criteria and consented to attend one workshop on PCCS. Mixed methods data collection was obtained from questionnaires containing a Likert scale and written reflections. Quantitative data were analysed through nonparametric tests and narrative descriptions, and qualitative data through thematic content analysis. Findings were integrated deductively using seven components of acceptability. Findings converged to show caregivers' positive experiences, highlighting observed improvements in residents' wellbeing, caregivers' capabilities, empathic connection, and person-centred care beyond the one-on-one. Caregivers' limited song repertoire and residents' unpredictability hindered implementation, however, the skills acquired appeared useful and applicable. Integration of findings suggests the acceptability of PCCS as caregivers experienced PCCS as a helpful, easy-to-implement intervention that contributes to their delivery of person-centred care. Further research focused on caregiver self-efficacy, empathy, and caregivers' own personhood is needed as well as determining the most effective strategies to ensure maximum uptake and sustainability in the sector. Formal caregivers participated in this study, both attending the training and implementing the singing protocol with residents in their care at their respective care homes. The people living with dementia residing at the care home were recipients of the singing protocol but not included as participants in the research.

Climate change, mental health, and reproductive decision-making: A systematic review

The impact of climate change on reproductive decision-making is becoming a significant issue, with anecdotal evidence indicating a growing number of people factoring their concerns about climate change into their childbearing plans. Although empirical research has explored climate change and its relationship to mental health, as well as the motivations behind reproductive decision-making independently, a gap in the literature remains that bridges these topics at their nexus. This review endeavours to fill this gap by synthesising the available evidence connecting climate change-related concerns with reproductive decision-making and exploring the reasons and motivations behind this relationship. A systematic review using six databases was conducted to identify relevant literature. Included studies reported quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods data related to: (1) climate change, (2) mental health and wellbeing concerns, and (3) reproductive decision-making. Findings were synthesised narratively using a parallel-results convergent synthesis design and the quality of studies was appraised using three validated assessment tools. Four hundred and forty-six documents were screened using pre-defined inclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of thirteen studies. The studies were conducted between 2012 and 2022 primarily in Global North countries (e.g., USA, Canada, New Zealand, and European countries). Climate change concerns were typically associated with less positive attitudes towards reproduction and a desire and/or intent for fewer children or none at all. Four themes explaining this relationship were identified: uncertainty about the future of an unborn child, environmentalist views centred on overpopulation and overconsumption, meeting family subsistence needs, and environmental and political sentiments. The current evidence reveals a complex relationship between climate change concerns and reproductive decision-making, grounded in ethical, environmental, livelihood, and political considerations. Further research is required to better understand and address this issue with an intercultural approach, particularly among many highly affected Global South populations, to ensure comparability and generalisable results.

Citizen participation gaps and challenges in the heating transition: Learning from Dutch community initiatives

The European Union has recognized the significance of community energy initiatives in the energy transition and introduced legislation to promote active consumer participation and renewable energy communities. The Netherlands, with its transition away from natural gas, serves as a valuable case study for understanding the challenges and processes of local ownership and participation in community energy initiatives. The research aims to address the dual challenge of defining local ownership and participation and exploring case-specific applications of these concepts. To achieve this, the study employs the Socio-Ecological Systems Framework and literature on participation, providing a theoretical foundation for analyzing citizen engagement. A mixed-methods approach, including interviews and data collection, is used to examine five Dutch community heating initiatives. The analysis highlights the importance of an enabling participatory environment, inclusive participation, information sharing, and the presence of energy cooperatives for successful citizen engagement. The findings have practical implications for EU energy policy, emphasizing the need for clear definitions, inclusive decision-making processes, and tailored engagement strategies.

Organization resilience and organizational commitment: The roles of emotion appraisal and psychological safety

Purpose: The study examines the mediating effect of self-emotion appraisal and other-emotion appraisal on psychological safety, individual resilience, and organizational commitment at the workplace. Design/methodology/approach: This study generated 140 survey responses from workers in diverse occupations and industries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods data analysis was conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses, and process macroanalysis was used to generate the mediation analysis. Qualitative data analysis through thematic coding was adopted to interpret the respondents’ written opinions and narratives. Findings: The results revealed that self-emotion appraisal strongly correlates to resilience, but evaluation of self-emotion has no effect on organizational commitment. Other-emotion appraisal and psychological safety are not significant predictors of resilience at the workplace. Rather, psychological safety is a significant predictor of organizational commitment. The qualitative analysis generated from the respondents’ narratives provides deeper insight into the quantitative results. Additional data that emerged from the qualitative interpretation revealed other factors that are related to emotional appraisal, psychological safety, resilience, and organizational commitment. Practical implications: The findings shed light on the need to understand an individual’s emotional appraisal when instilling workplace resilience. Further, promoting psychological safety, such as by involving employees in the change process, managing fairness perception, and eliciting trust, enhances organizational commitment in the workplace. Integrating open communication, management intervention, and coaching programmes should form part of the employee engagement and development functions to help build organizational resilience and commitment. Originality/value: This research is an original contribution conducted during the global health crisis that led to abrupt changes in the workers’ lives and the workplaces in Singapore. Research implications: This present study demonstrated constructive findings on emotion regulations and perceived psychological safety associated with resilience and commitment amid the disruptive changes in work practices at the workplace. Further, the outcome of the study shows the mediating effect of self-emotional appraisal on psychological safety and resilience. The result draws parallels with past literature that showed that individuals who appraised their emotions tended to recalibrate and recognize their subjective behaviour and take actions to modify it. Social implications: Emotion regulation connotes employees’ emotion coping strategies, and research showed that emotion reappraisal produces a positive effect on workplace relationship quality.

Implementing a Prenatal Oral Health Program for Dental Students: Lessons Learned.

The Prenatal Oral Health Program (pOHP) was developed to educate dental students on prenatal oral health and promote access to dental care for pregnant women. Program advancement has occurred in support of quality improvement. This mixed-methods design combined quantitative data from fourth-year dental students who participated the pOHP (N = 81) and qualitative data from a student-faculty-staff focus group discussion (N = 7). Different clinical structures, appropriate leveling in the curriculum, management with a patient care coordinator, and inclusion of interprofessional learning experiences (IPE) were compared. The survey response rate was 96.4% (N = 81). Trends were noted between students who provided clinical care for a pregnant patient (31%) versus those who did not. Results indicated that an integrated clinic was preferred, though students who had treated a pOHP patient showed greater support for a standalone clinic model. Survey and focus group data agreed that pOHP should occur during the third-year dental school training; however, students with patient experience favored second-year placement. Survey and focus group data emphasize the importance of a patient care coordinator for clinical management and IPE as an essential learning element. Innovating new clinical models requires a period of evolution to determine preferred and sustainable infrastructure. Results reveal the advantages and disadvantages of various program implementation models and demonstrate that student perceptions were influenced by their clinical experiences. Study findings will inform implementation and guide other programs as they create and modify existing curricula to enhance prenatal oral health.

Interrogating dynamic, intersecting inequalities in education amidst armed conflict

This paper examines dynamic, intersecting pathways – marked by gender inequalities, poverty dynamics and conflict trajectories – affecting education access and learning outcomes in conflict-affected contexts. A set of key challenges in intersectional research in conflict-affected contexts are outlined, embedded in the complexity of these contexts, heterogeneity of conflict processes and non-trivial data gaps. To better engage with this complexity, this paper argues that the capability approach extended through a multidisciplinary, intersectional lens drawing on mixed methods data has the potential to offer a strong conceptual basis to understand pathways of impact. The operationalisation of the capability approach in the context of research on conflict can help move the empirical literature towards a sounder focus on intersecting factors that may dynamically constrain the exercise of people’s freedoms. In turn, suggestions for promoting gender-sensitive, inclusive education amidst conflict are discussed.

Mpox Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Persons Presenting for JYNNEOS Vaccination-District of Columbia, August to October 2022.

More than 30,000 mpox cases have been confirmed in the United States since May 2022. Mpox cases have disproportionally occurred among adult gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; transgender persons; and Black and Hispanic/Latino persons. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding mpox vaccination among adults presenting for vaccination to inform prevention efforts. We collected mixed-methods data from a convenience sample of adults presenting for JYNNEOS vaccination at 3 DC Health mpox vaccine clinics during August-October 2022. Survey and interview topics included knowledge about mpox symptoms and vaccine protection, beliefs about vaccine access, and trusted sources of information. In total, 352 participants completed self-administered surveys and 62 participants completed an in-depth interview. Three main themes emerged from survey and interview data. First, most participants had a general understanding about mpox, but gaps remained in comprehensive understanding about mpox symptoms, modes of transmission, vaccine protection, personal risk, and vaccine dosing strategies. Second, participants had high trust in public health agencies. Third, participants wanted more equitable and less stigmatizing access to mpox vaccine services. Nonstigmatizing, inclusive, and clear communication from trusted sources, including public health agencies, is needed to address mpox knowledge gaps and increase vaccine access and uptake in affected communities. Mpox outreach efforts should continue innovative approaches, including person-level risk assessment tools, to address community needs.

ALGERIAN THIRD YEAR ENGLISH COURSEBOOK SCRUTINY: ‘MY BOOK OF ENGLISH’ AS A SAMPLE

It is widely acknowledged that coursebooks can be a useful source of information and knowledge for both teachers and learners. They are frequently written by subject-matter experts and can provide a logical and exhaustive overview of the target topic. Referring to the 2022-2023 academic year and with respect to the integration of English in Algerian primary school education, it was noticed that the circumstances in which the decision has been taken might need much more time because the interval between the decision of English integration and coursebook design was too short for a well-thought teaching material. Therefore, the major issue that is being questioned is how well ‘My Book of English’ meets the learners’ age, interest, and attractiveness. The issue under investigation seeks to scrutinize the un/suitability of the current English coursebook content and its impact on 3rd-year primary school learners as regards their competency, needs, and preferences. To answer the research questions and dis/confirm its hypotheses, the study relies on a mixed method, ensuring credible and valid data. Consequently, one questionnaire was put online, and addressed to primary school English teachers, and only fifty-four (54) respondents willingly responded. Besides, the coursebook evaluation grid was filled out by two experts, i.e., primary-school English teachers’ trainers. The results reveal that the coursebook content contains some shortcomings such as poor representation of the language culture, authentic material, grammar logical order, and glossary. In fact, these deficiencies should be palliated for high-quality instruction and successful achievement.

Perspectives and factors associated with informal human milk sharing: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol

Background The practice of informal human milk sharing is a relatively new phenomenon and poses significant questions in the domain of infant feeding. Informal human milk sharing is a means of donating human milk from another lactating individual who is not the child’s biological parent, in a casual manner, that is, without the involvement of health professionals or agencies. The advent of digital technology has facilitated the donation and receipt of human milk through digital online platforms and thus has amplified this modern practice. This research aims to comprehensively examine and synthesize evidence about the motivations, barriers, facilitators and experiences of individuals who both donate (donors) and the primary care givers of the infants who receive (recipients) human milk informally to provide to infants. Methods A mixed-methods systematic review will be undertaken. This review will consider qualitative, quantitative and primary mixed-methods studies which report on the factors associated with informal milk sharing, and on donors’ and recipients’ experiences of the practice. Primary mixed-method studies will be included if the individual qualitative and quantitative components can be extracted. Five databases will be searched for studies on informal human milk sharing published from inception of the database. Study quality will be evaluated using the standardized JBI critical appraisal tools, selected based on the methodology in each individual study. Data extraction will be conducted using the JBI mixed methods data extraction form followed by data transformation, synthesis and integration. This mixed-methods systematic review will follow a convergent integrated approach in accordance with JBI guidance. Discussion Informal human milk sharing is a novel practice in the domain of infant feeding. This review will enable a thorough understanding of this practice from both the donors and recipients’ perspective and will have implications for healthcare professionals, policy and future clinical decision-making. Protocol registration number PROSPERO CRD42023405653

Co-creation of an Escape Game on University students’ mental health

Abstract University students’ mental health has been strongly impacted by the health crisis linked to Covid-19, with increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression in this population. During the pandemic and afterwards, there was the urgent need to implement interventions to promote students’ well-being and help them cope with these stressful conditions. Gamification - defined as the use of game features in serious contexts - can increase knowledge on health-related topics using a learning-by-doing approach. Studies have proved its effectiveness in promoting players’ health literacy. For this, a team of researchers and a start-up worked together to create an Escape Game (called EscapeCovid) addressed to students on their mental health during the Covid-19 series of lockdowns and curfews. Through playing, students could improve their mental health literacy, destigmatize mental illnesses and learn how to tackle psychological problems. The aim of this study was to describe the preliminary steps of the co-creation of EscapeCovid by researchers, industrials and students. Starting from a prototype, 45 students tested the game and provided their comments through mixed-methods data collection. All players completed a questionnaire before and after the game. They were asked about their knowledge and mental health status to observe a modification due to the game. Satisfaction questions were also asked concerning the design and contents of the game. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 students for in-depth opinions. According to the results of the evaluation, participant appreciated the Escape Game as an innovative tool for health promotion. Especially because of its ability to transmit knowledge and increase skills through gamification. University students seemed very receptive to this type of tool. In order to guarantee its effectiveness, it was clear that the game must be adapted to the target audience and meet its expectations. Key messages • Escape Games are innovative tools in health promotion and disease prevention which can be well received by young people. • It is essential to test an intervention with end-users before deploying it in order to ensure its effectiveness.

The Influence of the Film "KKN Desa Penari" on Tourist Visit Interest in Film-Induced Tourism in Plunyon Kalikuning Destination, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Film-induced tourism has emerged as a dynamic facet of the contemporary tourism landscape, leveraging the visual and cultural appeal portrayed in films to enhance the attractiveness of destinations. This study delves into the impact of the Indonesian horror film "KKN di Desa Penari" on tourist visitation in the picturesque Plunyon, Kalikuning, Cangkringan, and Sleman regions of Yogyakarta. The research methodology involves an exploration of the nexus between the film's scenes and tourists' destination choices. The study gauges the impact by analyzing tourists' interest in film locations and their expectations regarding the benefits of engaging in film-induced tourism. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, encompassing surveys, interviews, and data analysis to discern patterns in tourist behavior and motivations influenced by the film. Understanding the interplay between cinematic representation and tourist decision-making is crucial for the tourism and film industries. The findings aim to contribute insights into the dynamics of film-induced tourism, providing valuable information for stakeholders to optimize the potential of cinematic representations in attracting and retaining tourists in the captivating landscapes showcased in "KKN di Desa Penari."

Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining task-sharing in family planning: a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review

BackgroundEnsuring access to quality family planning (FP) services is fundamental to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets 3.1, 3.7, and 5.6, including universal access to reproductive health services. However, barriers such as health workforce shortages and restrictive policies on the role of mid and lower-level health workforce cadres limit access to contraceptives and FP in many settings.Workforce reorganization makes more efficient use of human resources. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends task-sharing for FP by different cadres. Evidence on the implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining task-sharing could inform financing, implementation approaches, and technical assistance of national and global FP task-sharing programs. Therefore, this study aims to describe and assess the quality of the evidence on implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining task-sharing in FP and the outcome of the scale-up/sustainability interventions.MethodsThis systematic review protocol was developed using relevant guidelines, including the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Protocols (PRISMA-P). A search of five databases, namely CINAHL (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (OvidSP), Global Health (OvidSP), MEDLINE (OvidSP), and Scopus (www.scopus.com), and gray literature resources will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will screen and select studies, assess their quality using the “Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool,” and extract data from eligible studies. Publications or articles are eligible if they report implementation strategies, facilitators, or barriers to scaling up/sustainability of task-sharing in FP/contraception or the outcomes of the scale-up/sustainability interventions. A convergent synthesis that integrates qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, and mixed-methods data into one dataset will be used for analysis based on an a priori framework—the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy of the health system framework. Two independent reviewers will assess the quality of evidence using the GRADE-CERQual guideline.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this systematic review of implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining task-sharing in family planning is the first in this area. Our rigorous methodology based on up-to-date guidelines can help generate relevant recommendations to support interventions to scale up and sustain task-sharing in family planning.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022339885.

Developing the Technology-based Parenting Young Children Check-Up Intervention for Disruptive Behavior Problems Identified in Pediatric Primary Care.

Behavioral parent training programs show clear efficacy and effectiveness in response to young children's disruptive behavior problems, but limitations in engagement and accessibility prevent many families from benefiting from these programs. The Parenting Young Children Check-up (PYCC) is a technology-based program designed to overcome these barriers and increase the reach of behavioral parent training. Developed for use in pediatric health care, the PYCC includes three components: 1) an initial check-up designed to motivate program involvement; 2) text messages to connect parents with program content and reinforce content; and 3) a parent training website involving video-based content to teach parenting skills. This report details initial steps to refine PYCC intervention components. Seventeen mothers and 17 primary care physicians participated in this mixed methods data collection across three iterations by providing feedback on early drafts of the three components of the PYCC and completing a feedback questionnaire. Feedback from one iteration informed modifications that were then evaluated in subsequent iterations. Saturation of qualitative input, positive qualitative feedback, and positive quantitative ratings on the feedback questionnaire was achieved in iteration three. Outcomes of this investigation informed the full version of the PYCC that will subsequently be tested in a proof-of-concept trial. Several barriers limit the reach of parenting skills programs that reduce child problem behavior. We gathered feedback from parents and physicians to refine a parenting program that uses technology and delivery in pediatrics to overcome barriers. Future testing of the program will further inform implementation in pediatric settings.