Mixed Methods Study Research Articles

Understanding barriers and facilitators to lifestyle management in people with polycystic ovary syndrome: A mixed method systematic review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 10-13% of reproductive-aged women. Lifestyle management through diet and physical activity changes can improve reproductive, metabolic, and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review is to understand the barriers and facilitators to lifestyle changes from the perspective of people with PCOS and health care professionals (HCP) using the theoretical domains framework and capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model. Six databases were systematically searched for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies to 22nd September 2022. Quantitative outcomes from quantitative and mixed-methods studies were narratively synthesized and all studies were thematically analyzed. Sixty-eight papers met the eligibility criteria. HCP education on lifestyle management in PCOS was viewed by all to be inadequate, impacting the quality of care and health outcomes. Lifestyle advice delivered by a multidisciplinary team, including dietitians, was identified as a key component for change. All agreed that there was a need for individualized and PCOS-specific lifestyle advice. Weight stigma was identified as negatively impacting both those in larger and smaller bodies with PCOS, reducing the quality of care and affecting self-perception and mental health. People with PCOS perceived that lifestyle management was overly focused on weight loss and fertility, independent of their own personal motivations and goals. Systemic changes, including increasing HCP education on lifestyle management and multidisciplinary collaboration, focusing on lifestyle advice that meets individual needs, and reducing the use of weight-centric care are necessary for long-term sustainable changes and improvements in health outcomes in people with PCOS.

Changing Teacher Practices and Perceptions and Improving Student Communication Outcomes Through Shared Reading

Shared reading is a powerful literacy intervention for the development of early communication and literacy skills. For students with extensive support needs who are beginning communicators, shared reading has the potential to support the development of initiation and expressive symbolic communication skills. This descriptive, multicase, mixed methods study investigated changes in teacher shared reading practices and perspectives, as well as the communication skills of students with extensive support needs associated with completing professional development focused on a responsive and interactive approach to shared reading. The sample included four classroom teachers and 13 students with extensive support needs in one rural, public elementary school. Teachers increased their use of targeted interactive shared reading practices from 50% to 90%. Students increased the number of expressive communication skills they exhibited ( p = .031, r = .60), as well as the highest level of their symbolic communication ( z = 2.16, p = .031, r = .60). Thematic analysis of teacher interviews identified shifts in their perceptions of their role, expectations, and ability to support student communication development during shared reading, which converged with the changes noted from fall to spring during observations of teacher practice and students’ communication skills during shared reading.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESP STUDENTS’ WRITING COMPETENCE

In the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), developing writing competence is crucial for success in global communication, especially as digital technologies increasingly shape educational practices. This article explores the influence of digital tools on the writing development of ESP students, highlighting both the advantages and potential drawbacks. Through a mixed-method study involving 100 ESP students, the research analyzes how digital platforms and applications enhance technical language, sentence structure, and professional writing formats. While digital tools foster improved writing abilities and engagement, the study also raises concerns about the over-reliance on technology and its impact on critical self-editing skills. The findings suggest that while digital technologies offer significant benefits, educators must balance their use with the reinforcement of core writing competencies.

Cultural Adaptation of RUBI Intervention with Korean Families(K-RUBI): A Mixed Method Study.

Challenging behaviors of young autistic children remain a major parenting challenge for many of their family members, including caregivers. Caregivers from underrepresented cultural or linguistic backgrounds may experience exacerbated difficulties related to challenging behaviors due to limited access to culturally sustaining and responsive interventions. Evidence-based behavior parent training programs, such as RUBI, are highly effective in increasing caregivers' capacity in preventing and responding to these behaviors in naturalistic settings using behavior analytic principles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of the culturally adapted RUBI program with underserved families. We conduct a convergent mixed-methods study using a pilot randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group and focus group interviews with 31 Korean families of young children with or suspected of autism. The Korean RUBI underwent rigorous cultural adaptation using the Cultural Adaptation Checklist, including the use of multiple community advisory boards to inform cultural adaptation. Both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed significant improvements in parents' confidence and knowledge in behavioral principles and decrease in severity of challenging behaviors, which suggest clinical utility of RUBI in an underrepresented, low-resourced community. A culturally adapted intervention for a different population can be perceived as a newly constructed intervention. This study provides insight on the systematic process of cultural adaptation of an established autism intervention and effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of RUBI.

The Effect of Self-Monitoring on Mental Effort and Problem-Solving Performance: A Mixed-Methods Study

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has become increasingly important for learners in the 21st century as they engage more frequently in student-centered education. Accurate self-monitoring of one’s learning process is central to SRL. However, research has shown that learners often struggle with monitoring accuracy. One possible explanation is that the process of self-monitoring itself may add cognitive load, potentially reducing both self-monitoring accuracy and overall performance. In the current study, we investigated the effects of self-monitoring on perceived mental effort and performance during problem-solving tasks of increasing complexity. Participants in the experimental condition were instructed to think aloud while problem-solving, while those in the control condition did not receive such instructions. Our findings indicate no interaction effect between the requirement for explicit and continuous self-monitoring and task complexity on perceived mental effort and performance. However, task complexity significantly impacted the perceived mental effort and performance in both conditions, while it affected monitoring accuracy exclusively in the experimental condition. Furthermore, qualitative analyses showed that the participants in the experimental conditions engaged in self-monitoring during 21.2 % of their think-aloud protocols. Contrary to previous research, self-monitoring did not appear to increase cognitive load, although the experimental participants took significantly longer to complete all the tasks. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

Versatile video assignment improves undergraduates’ learning and confidence

This mixed methods study examines an explanatory video assignment designed to operationalize contemporary theory about cognition, metacognition, and inclusive teaching. This project grew from a professional learning community of post-doctoral teaching fellows who were involved in course redesign as part of a campus-wide active learning initiative. A team of pedagogical experts, teaching fellows, and faculty designed this video assignment to increase opportunities for students to share their perspectives while practicing a powerful learning strategy. Instructional teams implemented different versions of the video assignment in three courses across two departments. An experimental research component isolated the impact of the assignment on learning and confidence, and a mix of quantitative and qualitative analyses provided evidence about students’ experiences with the assignment. We found that students expressed learning and confidence gains beyond those due to typical course activities. Qualitative evidence suggested that students experienced the assignment as valuable for their learning and that the assignment enhanced self-expression. The assignment was effective in both face-to-face and remote settings, implemented either as a course requirement or extra-credit option. This versatile video assignment presents a practical way to enrich the student experience.

Academic Capital Formation Upon the Transition to Higher Education: First-Year Students’ Experiences After Participation in a Preacademic Program

The transition from secondary education to the first year of higher education is a phase in which students are faced with many challenges. First-year students may lack the academic capital that is needed to understand explicit and implicit rules of higher education. We investigated students’ participation in a preacademic program and the development of their academic capital. In a mixed method study, we showed that first-year students who participated in a preacademic program perceived peer mentors and teachers to be relevant sources of information, learned how to overcome educational barriers, and became more acquainted with explicit and implicit college requirements.

Pretesting of Printed Information, Education and Communication Materials among Diabetic Patients who are (30 to 80) Years Old in South Kolkata, at Ward no 144, West Bengal

Background: In India, the (IEC) Information, Education & Communication strategy is designed to enhance public awareness and disseminate crucial information about the various benefits offered under the different schemes and programs initiated by the Ministry. This strategy plays a pivotal role in guiding citizens on effectively accessing these benefits, ensuring that the intended population is well-informed and empowered to take advantage of the available resources. A brief study was conducted to pretest the IEC material related to Diabetes Mellitus in a specific ward in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Following this, we will evaluate and analyse the IEC material.  Methods: A locality‐based cross‐sectional mix method study was conducted in south Kolkata ward no 144, West Bengal from 10/05/2024 to 31/05/2024.A predesigned pretested semi‐structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative variables. Data were collected through personal face-to-face interviews using Epi‐Collect 5 and analysed using EXCEL and SPSS.  Result: Out of 20 study participants, Cent per cent(20) of study participants voted that the IEC material is attractive. The brochure is interesting enough to attract and hold the attention of the target audience, participants like it. several messages attract the most attention. 95%(19)clearly understand, almost comprehensible. Cent per cent(20) of participants accepted that IEC material is not offensive/inappropriate for the individuals or community. The brochure is perceived by individuals in the target audience. They feel that the brochure is made for themselves or made for those who are suffering from diabetic mellitus. Cent per cent(20) of the IEC material is relevant. Cent per cent(20) target audience opined that call to action regarding pretesting IEC material. The target audience is those suffering from diabetic mellitus and complications. Cent per cent(20) of the brochure can convince the study participants to undertake the desired behaviour.25%(5) target audience opined that brochures regarding diabetic mellitus should be improved.  Conclusion: In this short study, we discovered that the use of (Brochure)IEC materials was affected by a variety of factors. Therefore, essential to focus on these IEC materials and strive for enhancements in their quality. Improving the quality of brochures can lead to better comprehension and engagement among the target audience. By addressing the many specific qualitative variables that influence their effectiveness, we can ensure that these materials serve their intended purpose more effectively. This will not only facilitate better communication but also promote a deeper understanding of the information being conveyed. This brochure(IEC) material could be implemented after the improvement of quality in Kolkata 144 no ward, West Bengal.

Physician Assistant Training, Collaboration, and Practice Act Legislation: Perspectives From Practicing Physician Assistants.

This study examines training, experience, and collaborative practices of physician assistants (PAs) with employment experience and their perspectives on practice act legislation. Mixed method study with quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred eighty participants completed the survey. During clinical employment, 81.05% of respondents reported physicians participated in training. However, supervising physicians trained only 43.46%; 56.54% reported being trained by nurse practitioners (NPs), PAs, and/or other physicians. Onsite collaboration with physicians was reported by 87.2%. Supervising physician involvement was reported by 67.3%, and of these, 59% collaborated with PAs, NPs, and/or other physicians as well. One-third collaborated only with NPs, PAs, and/or other physicians. Daily/weekly collaboration with a supervising physician was reported by 78.89% in their first position and 54.87% in their current/most recent position; 77.22% collaborated with NPs, PAs, and/or other physicians in their first position and 71.68% in their current/most recent position. Most (64.44%) felt PAs should not be legally required to have physician supervision. Most (76.12%) felt care quality would not decrease if supervision were lifted. Most (74.44%) agreed that PAs are hired less frequently than NPs in states where physician supervision is required for PA but not NPs. Findings suggest that team-based practice is already the current structure of PA clinical training and collaboration with PAs receiving significant support from physicians who are not supervising physicians and other nonphysician practitioners. Establishing oversight at the practice level is supported by this practice structure. Determining effects of practice act legislation on employment training, collaboration, and hiring practices warrants further research.

Evaluating Patient Participation in Clinical Trials for CLL and SLE in Germany—A Mixed-Methods Study on Enrollment Potential Based on Claims Data

Background: In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry in Germany has faced a significant decline in the number of clinical trials conducted. Methods: This study evaluates patient participation in clinical trials for oncology and chronic diseases in Germany, integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Data from the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef (Institut für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin, Germany)), covering about 88% of the German population, and expert interviews were used. Results: In 2022, 84.6% of 47,305 systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) and 11.9% of 102,300 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (CLL) received guideline-based care based on study definitions. Eligibility for clinical trials between 2017 and 2022 was estimated for 8272 SLE and 886 CLL patients, with the actual enrolment of 21 of 2221 SLE patients and 86 of 340 CLL patients reflecting the respective potential. Conclusions: Findings indicate an unexploited potential to enroll patients with chronic diseases compared to the relatively higher enrolment rates observed for oncology diseases, such as CLL. Securing the continuation of clinical trials and utilizing the value of trial participation is of importance for strengthening Germany as an innovation hub and for ensuring that patients have timely access to medical innovations.

Primary healthcare professionals’ perceptions, attitudes and ideas regarding asthma management in Greece: A mixed-method study

Background Implementing asthma guideline recommendations is challenging and there is variation between countries, and different healthcare professionals (HCPs). The International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) has introduced the Asthma Right Care (ARC) programme implemented in 24 low, middle, and high countries, including Greece. It offers a promising approach drawn from social movements for health to improve asthma care by engaging HCPs in implementing guideline-based asthma care. Objectives To explore HCPs’ perspectives on current provision of asthma care and their willingness to improve implementation of recommended guidelines using ARC programme tools in Greece. Methods A mixed methods study conducted from September 2020 to April 2021. A convenience sample of 30 pharmacists, and 10 General Practitioners (GPs), responded to a questionnaire investigating perceptions, and attitudes, towards implementation of asthma guidelines. Then, a qualitative survey followed with semi-structured interviews to evaluate the feedback obtained from HCPs to assess the content, and applicability of the ARC tools. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results A range of practical challenges in implementing guideline-recommended interventions, improving asthma control and management were described by all HCPs, including lack of time and education, high workload, patients’ perceptions, and poor communication contributing to poor management and inadequate follow-up of people with asthma. However, most HCPs were willing to use ARC interventions to improve guideline implementation. Conclusion HCPs in Greece encounter challenges in implementing asthma guidelines; however, they can overcome these challenges by using ARC interventions and engagement tools to address barriers and implement efficient asthma management strategies.

Utilization and determinants of maternity waiting homes among pastoralist mothers in Dire district, southern Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundMaternity waiting homes are cost-effective, World Health Organization-approved components of comprehensive prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care strategies. However, few community-based studies within Ethiopia's pastoralist communities, and none in the study area, have been conducted to determine actual usage or to gain a thorough understanding of the factors influencing utilization.MethodsA cross-sectional study, supplemented by qualitative methods, was conducted from June 25 to July 25, 2023. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 305 study participants. Data were gathered through an interviewer-administered questionnaire, entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive data were presented in tables, graphs, text, and percentages. Bivariate logistic regression identified candidate predictors at a P-value of <0.25, and predictors of maternity waiting home utilization were identified through multivariate logistic regression at a 95% confidence interval and P-value of <0.05. Qualitative interviews were transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of maternity waiting home use in the study area was 35.2% (95% CI: 30.9%, 39.5%). Factors associated with maternity waiting home utilization included travel time greater than 60 min to nearby health facilities (AOR: 5.47 CI: 1.77, 16.91), good knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy (AOR: 5.41, CI: 1.86, 15.79), lack of a caretaker to household tasks (AOR: 0.1, CI: 0.03, 0.31), and a refusal to accept a waiting time of 2–4 weeks (AOR: 0.24 CI: 0.08, 0.74). The qualitative findings underscored hurdles such as resource constraints, challenges in providing maternity services, and the importance of community awareness and access to network connectivity in ensuring safe childbirth.ConclusionThis study aims to determine the utilization of maternity waiting homes and the factors associated with their use among women who gave birth within the last year in the Dire district, Borana zone, southern Ethiopia. The prevalence of maternity waiting home use was low compared to national efforts to promote this service. Longer travel time, lack of a caretaker, good knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, and a refusal to accept a waiting time of 2–4 weeks were associated with maternity waiting home use in this study.

An integrative systematic review on interventions to improve layperson's ability to identify trustworthy digital health information.

Health information on the Internet has a ubiquitous influence on health consumers' behaviour. Searching and evaluating online health information poses a real challenge for many health consumers. To our knowledge, our systematic review paper is the first to explore the interventions targeting lay people to improve their e-health literacy skills. Our paper aims to explore interventions to improve laypeople ability to identify trustworthy online health information. The search was conducted on Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, Academic Search Complete, and APA psych info. Publications were selected by screening title, abstract, and full text, then manual review of reference lists of selected publications. Data was extracted from eligible studies on an excel sheet about the types of interventions, the outcomes of the interventions and whether they are effective, and the barriers and facilitators for using the interventions by consumers. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to appraise evidence from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review approach was used as a guidance for narrative synthesis. The total number of included studies is twelve. Media literacy interventions are the most common type of interventions. Few studies measured the effect of the interventions on patient health outcomes. All the procedural and navigation/ evaluation skills-building interventions are significantly effective. Computer/internet illiteracy and the absence of guidance/facilitators are significant barriers to web-based intervention use. Few interventions are distinguished by its implementation in a context tailored to consumers, using a human-centred design approach, and delivery through multiple health stakeholders' partnership. There is potential for further research to understand how to improve consumers health information use focusing on collaborative learning, using human-centred approaches, and addressing the social determinants of health.

Examining generative AI–mediated informal digital learning of English practices with social cognitive theory: a mixed-methods study

Abstract This study explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in informal digital learning of English (IDLE) practices, focusing on its potential to enhance language learning outcomes and addressing the technological challenges language teachers face in utilising AI-based tools to facilitate second language acquisition. Based on the research context of IDLE and holistic learning ecology and drawing on the theoretical frameworks of technological pedagogical and content knowledge and social cognitive theory, we performed a mixed-methods investigation with an empirical experiment to assess the effectiveness of GenAI followed by semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that the GenAI-mediated IDLE practices effectively improve college students’ oral proficiency in English from both technological and humanistic perspectives. However, results also indicate that the GenAI conversational partner alone is not adequate to provoke continuous extramural GenAI-mediated IDLE practices. We discuss the theoretical and pragmatic significance of GenAI-mediated IDLE in educational equity and reformation.

Barriers to advocacy for recovery and wellbeing: a mixed methods study of challenges faced by mental health hospital social workers in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Although advocacy is a key process in social work practice, there is a dearth of research on the constraints experienced in engaging in this process. Drawing on a larger project on frontline social workers’ advocacy practices, this paper focuses on barriers hospital mental health social workers face as they advocate against systemic inequity and support recovery for clients with serious mental illness. Using descriptive statistics and reflexive thematic analyses of an online survey (n = 43) and in-depth interviews (n = 12), this article presents the intertwined macro, mezzo, and micro-level barriers social workers encounter as they advocate to promote client, family, and community wellbeing.

Evaluating suicide prevention gatekeeper training designed to identify and support people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds

BackgroundSuicide-related behaviours and individual risk factors for suicide differ between ethnicities and demonstrate additional variation based on voluntary and forced migration. People forcibly displaced by violence and conflict, such as those seeking asylum and refugees, are likely to face stressors that can increase suicide risk. Research into evidenced-based suicide prevention strategies among people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds is scarce. However, early, contextually-appropriate, identification and intervention may be a promising way to facilitate support for people in these groups. This research proposes that a contextually-responsive gatekeeper training is an appropriate strategy to increase the identification and support for people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds.MethodsThe present article relates to the statistical findings of a larger mixed-method study used to validate and refine a contextually-responsive gatekeeper training program. The qualitative results of this research will be published separately. The outcome measures – knowledge about suicide in multicultural contexts, attitudes towards suicide and prevention, and self-efficacy to intervene were measured quantitatively, adopting a similar pre- and post-training procedure used in previous training evaluations. Using Generalised Estimating Equations, statistical comparisons were made between three identical self-report surveys completed by participants across three consecutive time points – pre-training, immediately post-training, and three months following training completion – known in this investigation as time-point zero (T0), time-point one (T1), and time-point two (T2). Lastly, during the T2 follow-up, additional open-ended questions were included to understand which areas of training they feel prepared them effectively and how the program could have better prepared them to intervene.ResultsA total of 28 participants took part in the study. Quantitative analysis indicated the program’s capacity to exert a significant favourable and lasting influence on knowledge about suicide and self-efficacy to intervene. In addition, follow-up measurements suggest that the content delivered to participants transferred effectively into real-world suicide prevention behaviours.ConclusionsFindings suggest that tailored suicide prevention training can have a significant influence on knowledge about suicide in multicultural contexts, self-efficacy to intervene in a crisis, and that course content translates effectively into real-world suicide prevention behaviour. Modifying training practices, based on feedback from contextually-experienced attendees, appears to be a pivotal factor in promoting the support of people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds.

Becoming a Nurse: Professional Identity in Prelicensure Nursing Students.

A correlation exists between professional identity (PI), hope, and job satisfaction that warrants interventional measures to reverse nurse turnover. Developing, nurturing, and improving nurses' PI can positively address nurse turnover. The purpose of this study was to examine the intersections between career motivation, PI formation, and belongingness in prelicensure nursing students. As part of a larger mixed-methods study, a quantitative survey was disseminated to students. Findings suggest significant connections between the depth of perceived PI, motivation to enter the field, and future orientation(s) that are mediated through classroom instruction. PI was shaped by student relationships, confidence, and autonomy. Findings underscore the importance of academic intentionality in incorporating PI early in nursing education. Prioritizing quality bedside experiences to develop meaningful relationships while simultaneously increasing confidence and autonomy to assist the nursing student in connecting with their PI is key.

Complementary and Integrative Health Use in Binge Eating Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study of Binge Eating Disorder Experts’ Perspectives

Complementary and Integrative Health Use in Binge Eating Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study of Binge Eating Disorder Experts’ Perspectives

Assessing the role of the for-profit private healthcare sector in malaria elimination efforts in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study of challenges and opportunities

BackgroundAmong 13 endemic districts, the Chittagong Hill Tracts bear more than 90% of Bangladesh’s malaria burden. Despite the private sector’s prominence in rural healthcare, its role in malaria management remains underutilized. This study aimed to strategize leveraging the for-profit private sector, such as diagnostic and treatment centers, to bolster national malaria surveillance and control, advancing Bangladesh toward malaria elimination by 2030.MethodsThis mixed-method study commenced with a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey followed by selected focused group discussions (FGDs) among the participants. Three FGDs were held with the for-profit service providers so that further insights and qualitative viewpoints of them can be utilized in situation analysis. Based on the endemicity and strategic priorities, a comprehensive mapping of private for-profit facilities from the regions comprising 15 sub-districts across 8 chosen districts (7 malaria endemic districts and the rest non-endemic districts) was created. For the non-endemic zone, the sub-districts were selected based on their proximity to an area with high malaria transmission.ResultsAmong the 104 representative participants, majority were male (n = 92, 88.5%), had a diploma in their respective fields (n = 53, 51%) and were involved either in laboratory work (n = 49, 47.1%) or as owners/managers of health centers (n = 41, 39.4%). The selected health facilities were close to the corresponding Upazila Health Complexes (mean distance 2.8 km), but were distantly located from the designated district hospitals (mean distance 48.9 km). The main sources of RDT kits (62.3%) and anti-malarial drugs (63.2%) were local wholesale markets. A large share of the corresponding facilities neither provided malaria treatment services (81.7%) nor worked with the NMEP (93.3%).ConclusionsThis study highlights challenges and recommendations for engaging private for-profit health facilities in Bangladesh’s malaria elimination efforts. The identified challenges include low-quality RDTs, staff shortages, and inadequate capacity building. Recommendations emphasize effective training, stakeholder interaction, and enhanced oversight for successful malaria control efforts.

“Tell me what I'm doing wrong”: Criticism of parenting choices and mental health during COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents struggled with high levels of economic insecurity and mental health difficulties. Social cognitive theory suggests that receiving criticism from others contributes to psychological distress. This mixed-methods study explored longitudinal associations between receiving criticism about parenting choices and parental anxiety, depression, and financial worries during COVID-19. Survey data were collected at two time points in April 2020 from a national U.S. sample of 359 parents (70 % White, 67 % female, average age 34 years). Quantitative analyses were conducted using logistic and linear regression, and qualitative responses were coded to elucidate topics of criticism. Criticism at T1 was associated with increased parental anxiety, depression, and financial worries at T2 after controlling for these outcomes at T1. Content coding revealed parents were criticized for lenient parenting styles (20.63 %) or for being too strict with COVID-19 precautions (18.13 %). Being criticized about parenting choices may exacerbate mental health problems. Parents may benefit from receiving positive feedback about their parenting methods, either through social media or from family members.