Mixed Language Programming Research Articles

Understanding Heritage Language Learners’ Critical Language Awareness (CLA) in Mixed Language Programs

Despite the prevalence of mixed language programs across the United States, their impact on the unique socio-affective needs of heritage language (HL) students has not been researched sufficiently. Therefore, the present study examines HL learners’ critical language awareness (CLA) in a mixed Spanish undergraduate program at a small private university in the eastern United States. Sixteen HL learners enrolled in different Spanish upper-level courses participated in the study. Respondents completed an existing questionnaire to measure CLA, which includes 19 Likert-type items addressing different areas, such as language variation, language ideologies, bilingualism, and language maintenance. Overall, the results show that learners in the mixed language program under study have “somewhat high” and “high” levels of CLA. The increased levels of CLA in learners who had completed three courses or more in the program, coupled with their strong motivation, suggests that this program contributes positively toward HL students’ CLA. However, respondents’ answers also reveal standard language ideologies, as well as the personal avoidance of code-switching. Based on these findings, two areas that could benefit from a wider representation in the curriculum of mixed language programs are discussed: language ideologies and plurilingual language practices.

ComDA: A common software for nonlinear and Non-Gaussian Land Data Assimilation

Common software for land data assimilation is urgently needed to implement a wide variety of assimilation applications; however, a fast, easy-to-use, and multidisciplinary application-oriented assimilation platform has not been achieved. Therefore, we developed Common software for Nonlinear and non-Gaussian Land Data Assimilation (ComDA). ComDA integrates multiple algorithms (including diverse Kalman and particle filters), models and observation operators (e.g., common land model (CoLM), Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM)), and provides general interfaces for additional operators. Using mixed-language programming and parallel computing technologies (Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)), ComDA can assimilate various land surface variables and remote sensing observations. High-performance computing and synthetic tests and real-world tests indicate that ComDA achieves the standard of common land data assimilation software with parallel computation, multiple operators, and assimilation algorithms and is compatible with many models. ComDA can be applied for multidisciplinary data assimilation.

FunTAL: reasonably mixing a functional language with assembly

We present FunTAL, the first multi-language system to formalize safe interoperability between a high-level functional language and low-level assembly code while supporting compositional reasoning about the mix. A central challenge in developing such a multi-language is bridging the gap between assembly, which is staged into jumps to continuations, and high-level code, where subterms return a result. We present a compositional stack-based typed assembly language that supports components , comprised of one or more basic blocks, that may be embedded in high-level contexts. We also present a logical relation for FunTAL that supports reasoning about equivalence of high-level components and their assembly replacements, mixed-language programs with callbacks between languages, and assembly components comprised of different numbers of basic blocks.

Research on Construction of Web Computing Platform Based Fortran Components

Component-based application service platform by mixed-language programming and loose data coupling mechanism can fully embody characteristics of data storage, data processing and data display. Meanwhile the platform has a good opening performance, and it also contains the mainstream directions of developing the Web application service platform. Combined with the project's developing practice, this paper conducts a systematic study on design ideas of ar- chitecture component design, and data coupling of the Web application services platform based on FORTRAN core com- puting components. Meanwhile, it discusses in detail the achieving ideas of key technologies of components compilation and data coupling, which has a good practical value and certain reference to similar developments.

Hydrodynamics Analysis Based on Improved VBF SPH Model

To improve the application of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a new Visual Basic-Fortran (VBF) SPH model with the improvements on efficiency and visualizable interface is presented. The VBF SPH model is based on mixed language programming (MLP) method that not only improved SPH model’s efficiency, but also created the interface functions to control and observe the whole simulation. İts general structrue is to compiling the Fortran computing subroutines into Dynamic Link Library (DLL) files and these files will be called by Visual Basic (VB) programs during the calculation. Besides that an improved link-list algorithm, is described detailedly. This algorithm improves the model’s searching efficiency by reducing the number of searching cells. Two classical problems, Flood flow over Dam and Droplet-Impact, are chosen to analyze the VBF SPH model efficiency and distinguish the improvements’ effect. Both of problems are simulated respectively by VBF SPH model and VB model. According to first simulation VBF SPH model is more than 8 times faster than the VB model. And the second simulation refers that the MLP method increased about 7 times efficiency while the improved link-list algorithm increased more than 1 time.

Monitoring Technology and Efficient Particle Searching Algorithm for SPH Model

To supervise and control the whole simulation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model, a mixed language programming (MLP) method is particularly described that will not only take advantages of the Fortran’s strong computing power but also give full play to the Visual Basic’s (VB) flexible interface design and visualization capabilities. Then, a VBF SPH model with Model Monitoring Technology (MMT) is introduced in which FORTRAN computing subroutines are compiled into Dynamic Link Library (DLL) files and these files will be called by Visual Basic (VB) programs. During the calculation, the simulation processes can be easily monitored and even parameters can also be adjusted. Besides that, the VBF model includes an efficient Link-list algorithm which contained less searching cells. Two Droplet impact problems are both simulated by the VBF SPH model and a VB model to test and analyze the model efficiency. Simulations refer that both MLP method and improved Link-list algorithm extremely boosted up the model simulating efficiency.

Application of Visual Basic and FORTRAN Mixed-Language Programming to Visualization Technology for Hydro-Meteorological Model

Combining graphical user interface in Visual Basic (VB) and numerical computing capability in FORTRAN, the hydro-meteorological model of the plain river network region was developed. This paper discussed some key problems, such as calling FORTRAN DLL from VB, FORTRAN compiling executable file called by VB, and the visualization platform development with VB and FORTRAN. It solved the problems of data processing, data transmission, and calling hydrological model. Mixed-language programming technique is a very effective and useful way of building visualization platform.

Automatic Delamination Detection of Concrete Bridge Decks Using Impact Signals

Delamination of the concrete cover above the upper reinforcing bars is a common problem in concrete bridge decks. Acoustic nondestructive evaluation is widely used to detect such delamination because of its low cost, fast speed, and ease of implementation. The accuracy of traditional acoustic approaches is dependent on the level of ambient noise, and the detection process is highly subjective. An automatic impact-based delamination detection (AIDD) system is described in this paper. In this system, the traffic noise is eliminated by a modified version of independent component analysis. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are then used as features for detection to eliminate subjectivity. The delamination detection is performed by a radial basis function neural network. The AIDD system was developed using mixed-language programming in MATLAB, LabVIEW, and C++. The performance of the system was evaluated using data from two bridges, and the results were satisfactory.

The launch of a large regional gravity information system in China

We developed the China Regional Gravity Information System (RGIS) using mixed language programming in Visual Basic, Visual C++, and FORTRAN. The software is based on the MapInfo platform with OLE technology. With this system, we achieve visual data management for the database with spatial geography, geology data and gravity data as well as graphical data editing and data table operations over the whole of China. We are able to perform normalized gravity reduction, gravity and magnetic field transforms, gravity anomaly inversion and interpretation, thematic mapping and so on.

Radar Data Processing Software System Design Based on COM Technology

Radar data processing software is a complex system, which has been implemented with mixed language programming using Visual Studio .Net and Visual C++6.0. COM-based software architecture for radar data processing system is proposed in this paper. It provides modular design framework, and integrates modules developed with different programming language and ready-made modules. Firstly, introduce COM technology in brief, then design radar data processing software system framework, finally show the programming examples to explain how to define and refer the COM interfaces. The results show that using COM-based modular mixed language programming is an effective method to realize the radar data processing software system.

Parameter Transfer Method of Mixed-Language Programming

The mixed-language programming is using two kinds of programming language or more to develop application. During the process of handling many engineering problems, the complex computation is often needed. So the method of mixed-language programming is often used in developing project software. MATLAB is high-performance numerical computation software, and VC++ is a considerably mature application development platform. They are often use in mix programming. During the process of VC++ and MATLAB mixed-language programming, when it calls algorithm function written in MATLAB in the VC++ environment, sometimes the parameters could not be easily passed to objective function. In this paper, a method resolving the parameters transfer of objective function is proposed. That is in the declaration of algorithm function canceling the objective function as one of its parameters, and adding the parameters of the objective function to the parameter of the algorithm function. Finally, a case of parallelism error evaluation system is given to illustrate feasibility of proposed method.

Standardized mixed language programming for Fortran and C

Programmers have long practiced the matter of mixed language procedure calls. This is particularly true for the programming languages C and Fortran. The use of the alternate language often results in efficient running time or the effective use of human or other resources. Prior to the Fortran 2003 standard there was silence about how the two languages interoperated. Before this release there existed a set of differing ad hoc methods for making the inter-language calls. These typically depended on the Fortran and C compilers. The newer Fortran standard provides an intrinsic module, iso_c_binding, that permits the languages to interoperate. There remain restrictions regarding interoperable data types. This paper illustrates several programs that contain core exercises likely to be encountered by programmers. The source code is available from the first author's web site. Included is an illustration of a "trap" based on use of the ad hoc methods: A call from a C to a Fortran 2003 routine that passes a character in C to a character variable in Fortran results in a run-time error.

Gem #61

In the previous Gem about generating bindings from C++ headers, we mentioned, without going into details, how to interface with C++ constructors in Ada using the CPP_Constructor pragma. In this Gem we present some common uses of C++ constructors in mixed-language programs in GNAT, and in the next Gem, we will show the use of some powerful Ada 2005 features in conjunction with C++ constructors.

F2PY: a tool for connecting Fortran and Python programs

In this paper we tackle the problem of connecting low-level Fortran programs to high-level Python programs. The difficulties of mixed language programming between Fortran and C are resolved in an almost compiler and platform independent way. We provide a polished software tool F2PY that can (semi-)automatically build interfaces between the Python and Fortran languages and hence almost completely hide the difficulties from the target user: a research scientist who develops a computer model using a high-performance scripting approach.

MxYacc

In the recent years mixed language programming has received much attention. In this paper we introduce MxYacc, a parser generator for mixed languages. We discuss the concepts of mixed language parsing with an example. We present a simple and elegant parsing algorithm to parse mixed grammars.

Highlighting programming language issues using mixed language programming nn Maple and C

Three examples using mixed language programming in Maple and C are provided for the express purpose of highlighting, in a practical way, various issues normally discussed in a traditional programming languages class only as theoretical concepts. The three examples highlight concepts in parameter passing techniques, storage order choices, native machine types and sizes, and the handling of single and multi-dimensional arrays when dealing with legacy code.

Using B SP and Python to simplify parallel programming

Scientific computing is usually associated with compiled languages for maximum efficiency. However, in a typical application program, only a small part of the code is time-critical and requires the efficiency of a compiled language. It is often advantageous to use interpreted high-level languages for the remaining tasks, adopting a mixed-language approach. This will be demonstrated for Python, an interpreted object-oriented high-level language that is well suited for scientific computing. Particular attention is paid to high-level parallel programming using Python and the BSP model. We explain the basics of BSP and how it differs from other parallel programming tools like MPI. Thereafter we present an application of Python and BSP for solving a partial differential equation from computational science, utilizing high-level design of libraries and mixed-language (Python–C or Python–Fortran) programming.

무요소법 프로그래밍에 관한 연구

본 논문에서는 무요소 이론을 정식화하였고 이를 이용한 1차원 및 2차원 EFG 프로그램을 Visual Basic과 C언어를 이용하여 작성해 보았다. 그리고 각각의 EFG 수치해석의 예를 작성된 프로그램을 이용하여 해를 구하였다. 해석결과는 다른 문헌의 결과와 일치하였으며 해석결과에서 나타나듯이 무요소 해의 정도는 영향영역의 비례축소인자 dmax와 가중함수의 종류, 절점 배치형태에 의해 좌우된다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 특히 1, 2차원 EFG 해석결과에서 가장 최적의 해를 보이며 정해(exact solution)에 가장 근접한 조건은 dmax = 2 이고 가중함수가 3차 Spline형일 때로 나타났으며 유한요소법과 마찬가지로 절점의 수가 많을 수록 그리고 절점을 균일하게 배치할수록 높은 정도를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 2차원의 경우 3차 Spline형 이외의 다른 가중함수를 사용할 경우에 상당히 큰 오차를 나타내는 점은 1차원 EFG 해석의 결과와는 다른 점이었지만 그 외 대부분 같은 결과를 나타내었다. 1차원에서 절점을 임의로 배치한 경우는 비교적 균일하게 배치한 경우가 해에 근접하는 형태를 나타내었으며 절점 간격이 상대적으로 적은 곳에서 큰 오차를 나타내었다. 그리고 절점을 임의로 선택할 때 변위가 모두 ‘0’의 값을 가지는 경우를 볼 수 있는데, 이는 화면상의 좌표계산에서 생긴 미소한 오차가 절점들에 의해 반복됨으로서 발생하는 것으로 보인다. 또한 탄성계수 값이 클 경우 dmax 에서 계산이 제대로 수행되지 못하는 경우가 있는데, 이는 수치가 double형의 크기를 초과하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 결과에서 나타나듯이 무요소법에서 적당한 가중함수와 비례축소 인자를 사용하면 정해에 가까운 우수한 해를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 비록 프로그래밍 과정이나 이론의 정식화가 유한요소법에 비해 상당히 어려운 점은 있으나 무요소법은 요소의 정보를 필요치 않으므로 사용자 입장에서는 매우 편리할 것이다. 앞으로 경계조건을 효과적으로 만족시키는 문제를 해결하고 효과적인 알고리즘이 개발된다면 실용적으로 유한요소법을 대신할 수 있는 좋은 대안이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. The element free Galerkin method has been suggested by Belyschko, etc. it is applied for linear elastic analysis of solid problems and its convergence characteristics and stability are shown according to the weight function, influence domain and scattered points. The various numerical examples are performed to check the efficiency of 1D EFG and 2D EFG program by changing factors. As a result it have the best results when it used the cubic spline weight function and the scaling parameter d<TEX>$_{max}$</TEX>=2. These programs were developed by mixed language programming method using Visual Basic and the C language. so it is fast and efficient. and visually shown the result.t.

C++ classes for linking optimization with complex simulations

The object-oriented programming paradigm can be used to overcome the incompatibilities between off-the-shelf optimization software and application software. The Hilbert Class Library (HCL) defines the fundamental mathematical objects arising in optimization problems, such as vectors, linear operators, and so forth, as C++ classes, making it possible to write optimization code in a natural fashion, while allowing application software such as simulators to use the most convenient data structures and programming style. In spite of the poor reputation C++ has for runtime performance, the use of mixed-language programming allows performance equal to that achieved by standard Fortran packages, as comparisons with the popular code LBFGS and ARPACK demonstrate.

The Synchronous Approach to Designing Reactive Systems

Synchronous programming is available through several formally defined languages having very different characteristics: Esterel is imperative, while Lustre and Signal are declarative in style; Statecharts and Argos are graphical languages that allow one to program by constructing hierarchical automata. Our motivation for taking the synchronous design paradigm further, integrating imperative, declarative (or dataflow), and graphical programming styles, is that real systems typically have components that match each of these profiles. This paper motivates our interest in the mixed language programming of embedded software around a number of examples, and sketches the semantical foundation of the Synchronie toolset which ensures a coherent computational model. This toolset supports a design trajectory that incorporates rapid prototyping and systematic testing for early design validation, an object oriented development methodology for long term software management, and formal verification at the level of automatically generated object code.