Mixed Garden Research Articles

Permeability Study on Several Types of Dry Land Use in Aceh Besar Regency

The variation in soil permeability levels as a result of several types of land use on dry land in Aceh Besar district is not widely known. Therefore, a study of the ability of soil to pass water (soil permeability) as a result of various land use patterns is very important to conduct research in order to maintain a sustainable environment. The metode of research used is directly survey method. The Field survey carried out by taking soil samples that were taken in a composite manner in the processing layer (0-20 cm) and intact. The variables measured include: permeability, soil organic fraction. Intact soil sampling is carried out using a ring or tube to determine soil permeability based on the constan head method. Meanwhile, composite soil samples, which are samples collected from several observation points mixed evenly into a homogeneous sample, those were used to variable soil organic fraction content using the pipette method. Permeability in the type of land use forest shrubs, mixed gardens, moor and teak forests were classified into the medium class. The order of increasing permeability starts from the type of land use for forest shrubs, mixed gardens, moorlands, teak forests and rainfed rice fields. Permeability rates didn't have correlation with organic matter content in several types of dry land use in Aceh Besar district. By increasing sand content, the pores between particles increase, the capillary action weakens, and water easily evaporates through the macro pores, or directly penetrate deep into the soil for vegetation use By increasing clay content, the effect of soil on local rainfall redistribution on vegetation growth changes from decreasing to increasing whereas sand, on the other hand, those was based on a limited distribution of soil types only with high clay content

Erosion hazard index analysis of several land uses in Watatu Village, Donggala Regency

Watatu Village is one of the villages located in Donggala Regency and as the capital city of South Banawa Sub-District which has significant potential in the agricultural sector, including cocoa plantations, oil palm trees, and paddy fields. This research aims as a source of information correlated to land-use policies and the erosion hazard index in Watatu Village, South Banawa Sub-District, Donggala Regency. The research was carried out by using the descriptive explorative method, and the observed variables were carried out through a survey. Soil sampling was determined purposively (purposive sampling) based on the category of land use and slope at the research location. Intact and incomplete soil samples were taken as many as 21 samples at seven land-use units. Sample analysis was performed at the Soil Science Laboratory on the Erosion Hazard Index, namely (1) soil texture, (2) soil structure, (3) organic matter content, and (4) permeability, and (5) bulk density. The results of the Erosion Hazard Index analysis showed that the high erosion hazard index was found in Land use unit 2 (mixed gardens), Land use unit 4 (cocoa gardens), Land use unit 5 (mixed gardens), and Land use unit 7 (Shrub). Thereby, conservation actions needed to preserve the environment to prevent or inhibit the rate of erosion and maintain the stability of land use.

Estimation of peak runoff impact from land use change using remote sensing and GIS in Keduang sub-watershed

Changes in land use in watersheds and climate change have a dominant influence on watershed hydrology. One of the important aspects of watershed hydrology related to land use change and climate change is runoff. Land use changes in the watershed area from non-built areas to built areas or vegetated areas to non-vegetated areas will increase runoff. Because vegetation helps absorb rainwater optimally into the soil. Thus, rainwater that falls to the ground will become more runoff. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the land use changes and impact on the runoff, as has been done in the Keduang sub-watershed, Wonogiri District, Indonesia. Land use change and peak runoff were estimated using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Remotely sensed images from the Landsat satellites were used to develop land use maps of the study area in 2009 and 2020. The peak runoff was computed by the Rational Method. The land use map between 2009 and 2020 shows an increase in built areas and dryland agriculture and a decrease in the vegetated area such as a forest and mix garden. The impact of land use change increases the coefficient runoff value in the study area from 0.22 to 0.24. The results showed that peak runoff for 2009 was 358.73 m3/s and in 2020 was 363.38 m3/s there is an increase of 4.66 m3/s.

Analysis of Tenurial Conflict of the Bunaken National Park (A Case Study of Mantehage Island)

Bunaken National Park was designation based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number: SK. 734 / Menhut-II / 2014. Boundary demarcation process of Bunaken National Park in Mantehage Island was rejected by the community due to land claims in the form of gardens and settlements. This study puposes to answer how the state of land cover and use of the Mantehage Island and how the tenurial conflicts. The analysis used is spatial analysis and Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA). The results indicate that land cover and use consisted of primary mangrove forests, dry land agriculture, mixed gardens, scrub, settlements and roads. Conflict occurred between the community and the Forest Area Boundary Committee for North Minahasa Regency because the community did not understand the boundary demarcation activitiess and regulations that could provide a solution to their land conflict problems. Conflict resolution mechanisms that can be taken is the settlement of third-party rights in boundary demarcation process, review of spatial planning and conservation partnerships.

Analysis of Tenurial Conflict of the Bunaken National Park (A Case Study of Mantehage Island)

Bunaken National Park was designation based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry Number: SK. 734 / Menhut-II / 2014. Boundary demarcation process of Bunaken National Park in Mantehage Island was rejected by the community due to land claims in the form of gardens and settlements. This study puposes to answer how the state of land cover and use of the Mantehage Island and how the tenurial conflicts. The analysis used is spatial analysis and Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA). The results indicate that land cover and use consisted of primary mangrove forests, dry land agriculture, mixed gardens, scrub, settlements and roads. Conflict occurred between the community and the Forest Area Boundary Committee for North Minahasa Regency because the community did not understand the boundary demarcation activitiess and regulations that could provide a solution to their land conflict problems. Conflict resolution mechanisms that can be taken is the settlement of third-party rights in boundary demarcation process, review of spatial planning and conservation partnerships.

Assessment of land cover change over a period of five years in Deli Serdang, North Sumatra

Deli Serdang Regency is one of the districts in North Sumatra Province. Medan City is surrounded by Deli Serdang Regency. This study aimed to evaluate land cover changes that occurred during a period of five years (2014-2019) in Deli Serdang Regency by using a Geographical Information System (GIS). Changes in land cover are analyzed spatially using change detection available in the GIS application. Ground check is conducted to match the land cover type from the land cover map with actual conditions in the field. The land cover points taken in the field are taken using a Global Positioning System (GPS). The results showed that in a period of 5 years (2014-2019) there was a change in land use in Deli Serdang. The area of land use has increased, including: mangrove forest (5,176.57 ha to 5,645.23 ha), mining (211.93 ha to 387.47 ha), industry (2,944.64 ha to 3,316.39 ha), open land (726.12 ha to 1,063.57 ha), plantations (82,138.73 ha to 88,411.56 ha), settlements (20,537.91 ha to 21,347.85 ha), livestock (807.14 ha to 895.67 ha) and shrubs (3,761.61 ha to 3,013.33 ha). Areas of reduced land use include: dry land forest, mixed gardens, cultivation, rice fields, shrubs and ponds.

Looking for indicator bird species in the context of forest fragmentation and isolation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

In the context of Borneo’s drastic landscape fragmentation, we assessed the role of diverse forest and land uses—swidden agriculture, mixed garden, smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations—in determining (1) diversity levels and composition of bird species in different vegetation types; (2) the potential for bird species to act as indicators of habitat quality; and (3) the agricultural matrix’s contribution to preserving forest-dependent species. Field campaigns across West Kalimantan sites were conducted during both rainy and dry seasons, using mist nets and 10-min point count recordings along transects. We used four diversity indices, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and the Indicator Value index (IndVal) for our analysis. Our results endorsed the general trend found across the tropics of a significant reduction in bird species richness, from the complex natural and old secondary forest structures to the simplified monoculture habitats. We recorded 10,519 individuals across 214 bird species, representing almost 90% of Borneo’s lowland forest species. NMDS differentiated intact forest from forest fragments and land under different agriculture uses. Eighty percent of the bird species preferred an intact forest environment. Industrial oil palm sites were the most ‘avoided’ vegetation type. Using IndVal, we found six indicator species significantly associated with forest, three indicator species for depleted forest, one for mixed garden, and none for oil palm plantation. Farm-dependent species richness was strikingly low, and species had little conservation value as per IUCN standards; industrial oil palm plantations were poorest in bird species. Notable exceptions were traditional mixed gardens and old fallows associated with swidden agriculture, when in proximity to forest. These traditional agroforestry systems have higher conservation value than industrial and smallholder monoculture plantations, however, their long-term preservation is uncertain, and monitoring programs are lacking that can contribute to long-term biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service maintenance. More data are needed to determine the viable population sizes for the bird indicator species identified in our study. Such knowledge on population trends can be used to monitor habitat quality and health of forest agriculture landscape mosaics and improve the effectiveness of management, conservation and monitoring in future.

Arahan Kebijakan Untuk Mengurangi Dinamika Penggunaan Lahan pada DAS Antokan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat

The need for land has increased every year, and this increase is caused by the rate of population growth, resulting in changes in land use. Uncontrolled land use conversion has led to catastrophic flooding in the Antokan watershed. The purpose of this study was to determine the direction of land use change policies in the Antokan Watershed, West Sumatra Province. To determine land use change using the GIS method with the overlay technique of land use maps for the period 2000-2020. Furthermore, to determine the policy direction using the ISM method involving 20 experts. Research results in the Antokan watershed have shown changes in land use of 4,178 hectares during the 2000-2020 period. Changes occur in forest areas, mixed gardens, shrubs, and rice fields which have decreased, on the other hand, settlements, plantations and open land have expanded. Furthermore, there are two sub-elements that are the priority for policy direction to reduce the rate of land use change, namely making regulations and firm sanctions on land use errors (E3) and consistency in enforcing land use laws (E4).

Changes in dryland forest cover in several sub-districts in Deli Serdang Regency

Deli Serdang Regency is located in a strategic area because it surrounds Medan City. This study aimed to analyze changes in dryland forest land cover in Deli Serdang Regency, which is located in the up stream of the Belawan Watershed and the Deli Watershed for three time periods (2009, 2014, 2019) using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The results showed that during the period of 10 years 2009-2014-2009 the forest land cover in Deli Serdang Regency decreased from 19,517.58 ha in 2009 to 19,484.93 in 2014 and to 19,426.73 ha in 2019. Dryland forest land cover in several sub-districts in Deli Serdang Regency decreased. Hence, mixgardens, open land, cultivation, and shrubs become increased. In a period of 10 years, an area of 19,426.73 ha of dryland forest cover did not change, 26.80 ha become mixed gardens, 46.02 ha become open land, 5.85 ha become cultivation, and 12.18 ha become shrubs. There were five sub-districts with reduced forest land cover, namely: Gunung Meriah, Kutalimbaru, Sibolangit, STM Hilir, STM Hulu. Meanwhile, there were two sub-districts that have not changed, namely: Sibiru-biru and Bangun Purba.

DPSIR1 model approach to address land-use changes in Deli Serdang District, North Sumatera Province

Deli Serdang Regency is bordered by Medan City, Langkat, Karo, Simalungun, and Serdang Bedagai Districts, North Sumatra Province. This study aimed to analyze land-use changes during ten years period in Deli Serdang District. Land-use changes were spatially analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The factors causing land-use changes, the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) models were used. The results showed that within an interval of ten years (2009-2019) there were land-use changes in Deli Serdang. The area of land use had increased, including: Mangrove forest (4,589.56 ha to 5,645.23 ha), industry (2,470.52 ha to 3,316.39 ha), open land (361.11 ha to 1,451.04 ha), Plantation (80,649.32 ha to 88,411.56 ha), settlement (21,596.50 ha to 23,581.43 ha) and shrubs (2,332.16 ha to 3,013.33 ha). The area of land use that were reduced include dryland forests, mixed gardens, cultivation, paddy fields and ponds. The increasing open land and industry, the reduction in the vegetation area, especially forests, are the important issues in climate change because forests acts as carbon absorber. Based on the DPSIR analysis, population increase is a trigger factor for land–use changes in Deli Serdang Regency.

Planning For Land Use Based on Sustainable Agriculture in the Krueng Peutoe, (Watershed) North Aceh Regency, and Aceh Province

The Krueng Peutoe watershed located in North Aceh district is one of the sub-watersheds of the Jambo Aye watershed. The purpose of this study is to develop a plan for sustainable agricultural land use in the Krueng Peutoe watershed. The method used consists of 1) overlay map, 2) field survey, 3) evaluation of land capability, 4) evaluation of cropping and agrotechnology patterns, 5) erosion prediction, 6) socioeconomic analysis, and 7) cropping and agrotechnology recommendation. The results showed that, evaluation of land capability classification (KKL) II with slope limiting factor be discocered inhomogeneous land units (SLH) 15 and 10, KKL III with slope limiting and erosion factors at SLH 16, slope limiting factor at SLH 1, 5, 9, and 12. KKL VI with slope limits factors in SLH 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14, and KKL VII with slope limiting factors in SLH 17. The results of erosion prediction in mixed gardens were 14.56 - 403.82 tons/ha/year and greater than tolerance erosion (ETol) (23.03 - 39.60 tons/ha/year), resulting in a decrease in land productivity where farmers' income ranges from 754,000 IDR - 7,434,000 IDR/KK/year. With the improvement of cropping patterns followed by agrotechnology and the addition of side businesses (the results of calculations), there was a decrease in the value of erosion to 1.09-30.28 tons/ha/year followed by an increase in farmer's income (10,267,200 IDR - 12,441,060 IDR/KK/year). The result of planting pattern recommendation as follows: KKL II and III need to be worked improvement of planting pattern and agrotechnology. KKL VI carried out the application of agrotechnology with the planting of terrace reinforcing plants and planting according to contour. The use of forest land in the same class is recommended nonetheless as a forest, while the use of land for shrubs in the same class is recommended for pasture.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM CASSAVA CULTIVATION ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN LAMPUNG, SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Cassava is easily cultivated and very tolerant of various soil conditions. It can be planted almost anywhere, in various types of soil, even in marginal soil where other food crops are difficult to growproperly. However, imposing higher productivity for two decades clearly reduced the quality of the soil. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of long-term cassava planting (> 20 years) on the morphology and properties of the soil, compared to mixed gardens which were rarely tilled, at 14 test sites in 10 locationsin Lampung, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Cassava cultivation over a period of more than 20 years was seen to make the soil color brighter in both layers of soil which, in turn, affected the other soil properties. Cassava cultivation for more than 20 years caused the surface horizons at half of the test sites to change from crumbs to angular blocky and granular. The physical properties of the soil that was cultivated with cassava plantations for more than 20 years did not differ significantly from those of the mixed garden soil which wasrarely tilled. However, a tendency was seen for the water available pores (WAPs) to decline. Cassava cultivation for more than 20 years greatly reduced the soil organic carbon (at a critical value of 0.01) and significantly reduced the soil pH, soil-CEC, and exchangeable bases (at a critical value of 0.1). However, the long-term cultivation of cassava did not affect the base saturation, although there was a change in the numberof exchangeable bases and the CEC of the soil.

The Influence of Marketing Mix Variables on Purchasing Decisions and Its Impact on Post-Purchase Customer Satisfaction of Royal Garden Residence Bali Housing (Study at PT Properti Bali Benoa)

A B S T R A C TThe research objective is to determine the effect of: marketing mix variables(product, price, location and promotion) on purchasing decision variables,marketing mix variables on customer satisfaction variables, purchasing decisionvariables on customer satisfaction variables at Royal Garden Residence Balihousing with purchase decisions as a mediating variable. . This research wasconducted in the city of Bali, with the object of research being the residentialconsumers of Royal Garden Residence Bali as the population in this study, with asample size of 150 respondents and using random sampling techniques. The datacollection method is in the form of an online questionnaire via google form andwhatsaap due to the situation in Indonesia which is currently being hit by theCovid-19 pandemic. The results of this study indicate that respondents have a goodperception of the variable marketing mix, purchase decisions and post-purchasesatisfaction Royal Garden Residence Bali. This is because the average value for allresearch variables is greater than 4 on the Likert scale. The results showed that themarketing mix variable both simultaneously and partially had a positive andsignificant effect on housing purchase decisions and the marketing mix variablehad a positive and significant effect both simultaneously and partially on consumersatisfaction after purchasing Royal Garden Residence Bali housing, and purchasingdecisions had a positive and significant effect. significant on consumer satisfactionafter purchasing the Royal Garden Residence Bali housing. Then the research alsoproves that there is an indirect influence of the marketing mix variable on consumersatisfaction after purchasing the Royal Garden Residence Bali housing through thepurchase decision. Promotion is the most dominant variable in increasingconsumer purchasing decisions for Royal Garden Residence Bali housing.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI KEBUN CAMPURAN

Birds are one of the ecosystem components that have an important role in supporting the life cycle of organisms. The research objectives were to calculate the diversity of bird species and identify sources of bird feed in mixed gardens. Bird data were analyzed using Species Diversity Index, Species Richness Index, Species Abundance Index, dominance analysis, bird distribution analysis and species encounter level analysis, for vegetation analyzed based on the type and part eaten by the birds. In the mixed garden of Pandau Jaya Village, 27 species of birds were found consisting of 15 families. The types of birds that were frequently present were the Cucak Kutilang (Pycnonotus aurigaster) with 44 individuals and the Perkutut Jawa (Geopelia striata) with 37 individuals. Bird species diversity (H) in mixed gardens was relatively moderate with a value of 2.90, the Evenness Index (E) of 0.88 and the Reachennes Index (R) of 4.40. Vegetation types as a source of food: Mahogany, Jengkol, Jackfruit, Jambu Air, Acacia mangium, Rubber, Matoa, Salam, Angsana, Mango, Breadfruit, Rambutan, Longan, Starfruit, Sengon, Kersen, Lamtoro, Beringin, Ketapang, Mahang, Palm Oil , Coconut, Areca, Palm, Cassava, Sweet Potatoes, Corn, Taro, Eggplant, Chili, Tekokak, Lengkuas, Sugarcane, Long Beans, Banana, Papaya, Flowers,Grasses.

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Tanaman Durian Menggunakan Metode Matching

Land suitability evaluation is a process of assessing the potential of land for a particular use, whether in agriculture, plantation, tourism, land conservation, or other types of use. This study aims to determine the land suitability class for durian plants in Aranio District and determine the inhibiting factors on the land using the matching method. The population in this study was 12 land units and each unit was taken 2 samples. Land units are obtained from overlay maps of landforms, slope maps, geological maps, soil association maps, and land use maps. The results showed that the land in Aranio District was included in the suitability class S2 (moderately suitable) with an area of 15069.68 hectares or 33.13%, S3 (marginally suitable) with an area of 1485.78 hectares or 3.27%, and N1 (not current suitable) with an area of 3980.03 hectares or 8.75%. The limiting factor is slope, erosion hazard, pH, soil depth, surface rock, alkaline saturation, flood hazard, phosphate, K2O, and N-Total. The villages in the Aranio sub-district are used to develop durian plants because they have land suitability classes of S2 and the use of shrubs, fields, and mixed gardens are above 50%, namely Tiwingan Baru and Tiwingan Lama villages.

Vegetation structure of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) habitat in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Zaitunah A, Samsuri, Ras S. 2021. Vegetation structure of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) habitat in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 635-641. Gunung Leuser National Park forest in the Bukit Lawang section is the habitat of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii). There have been reports of the orangutans visiting the village. As some tree species are required for their sustenance to provide nests and food, there is a need to study species diversity availability in their habitat. Thus, the aim of the research was to analyze the composition and structure of the area's vegetation-this was done for the forestand mixed plantation. The sampling for the measurement of tree parameters was conducted using the line strip method. The strips (width 50 m, length 250 m) were constituted by a sub-plot measuring for seedling, pole, sapling, and trees. Within the sampling area, 181 species were found. Species within Dipterocarpaceae showed higher important value index (IVI) compared to other species in all layers. Shorea parviflora and Shorea ovalis were among the species with higher IVI in all the layers. The presence of species of Dipterocarpaceae and other species preferred by orangutans will support their quality of life. Therefore, orangutans prefer staying in the forest to entering the garden. Thus, it is concluded that their entry into the mixed gardens is related to the garden's proximity to the forest. Conservation efforts are needed to minimize the conflict between man and orangutan in the surrounding area.

Analisis Perubahan Lahan Sawah Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Wilayah Perkotaan Pangkajene Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang

The conversion of agricultural land at a high enough rate may threaten the food security of the population. The agricultural land most vulnerable to conversion is the rice field. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in paddy fields from 2013 to 2020, the distribution of the transformation of paddy fields to other lands, and the factors that influence the conversion of paddy fields. This research was carried out by digitizing the on-screen image method in 2013 and 2020. The classification of land use results from digitization was tested for accuracy by determining the sample points in the GIS (Geographic Information System) application and then compared to the results of the field survey. In addition, an analysis of the changes in paddy fields was carried out by overlaying land use maps in 2013 and 2020. Observations and interviews with people whose land was changing were conducted on the factors affecting the change in paddy fields. Changes in land use over a period of 7 years (2013-2020), namely rice fields, decreased by 149 ha (7.36 percent ). Meanwhile, there has been an increase in the area in other land uses. The function of the paddy fields in the urban area of Pangkajene, Sidrap Regency, has become 18.69 hectares of land built, 59.42 hectares of mixed gardens, 23.13 hectares of open/empty land and 49.11 hectares of land. The factor that affects the conversion of paddy fields in the urban area of Pangkajene is the strategic location of the land, which causes the community to convert its land into a place of trade and services. The increase in the number of people requiring large land areas has led to the construction of many residential complexes in rice fields and the high selling price of rice fields, which encourages farmers to sell their land.

STUDI INDEKS KUALITAS TANAH SERTA BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS AIR DI DAS MIKRO SISIM KOTA BATU

Landuse change causes the decrease of soil quality, so the hydrological and non-hydrological functions do not run optimally. Sisim Micro Watershed‘s area of ± 933.17 ha with a very steep slope has undergone major land-use changes. Soil Quality Index (SQI) analysis and water quality bioindicators are needed to assess the impact of land-use change. This study used 12 soil sampling plots, i.e. production forest (H2, H3, H4, H5), mixed gardens (KC2, KC3, KC4, KC5), and fields (T2, T3, T4, T5). The numbers behind the code indicate slope; 2 (slope 8-15%), 3 (slope 15-25%), 4 (slope 25-40%), and 5 (slope 40-60%). The results showed that dense vegetation and low intensity of tillage gave the best SQI. The highest SQI value was on H5 (0.63) with a good category, and the lowest was on T5 (0.32) with a bad category. The water quality bioindicator showed water pollution index of 1.97 (dirty water quality and rather heavily polluted). Soil quality which is dominated by low categories with high agricultural intensity and community waste disposal causes health condition of biotic habitats classified as unhealthy with a score of 1.90.

Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Parikesit, Withaningsih S, Rozi F. 2021. Socio-ecological dimensions of agroforestry called kebun campuran in tropical karst ecosystem of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 122-131. Traditional and modernized systems combining agricultural and forestry production systems-called agroforestry-was developed by humans under the influence of biophysical and social conditions which often result in heterogeneous landscape. The so-called kebun campuran (mixed gardens) is one of the agroforestry forms that can be encountered in the humid tropics of Indonesia. However, socio-ecological information of this man-made vegetation and its multidimensional functions in particular environmental settings like karst is still limited. This paper aims to elucidate socio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran in karst ecosystem in Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. A vegetation survey was carried out to reveal the bio-ecological dimensions of kebun campuran complemented with socio-economic questionnaires. The results show that kebun campuran played an important role for the owners as the majority of them gained economic benefits from this agroforest. More than 50% of the owners had their main income from kebun campuran, therefore, kebun campuran was considered a valuable family asset. Kebun campuran ownership put the owner in a higher social status, despite the fact that 80.9% of them had only elementary education background. Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant correlation between the areas of kebun campuran, rice-field, and homegarden ownership. The analysis also indicated that the economic value of kebun campuran derived from its products increased as its area became larger. There were diverse products like timber, fruits, fuelwood and forages extracted from kebun campuran. Among economically important species were Albizia chinensis (silk tree), Cocos nucifera (coconuts), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Musa paradisiaca (banana). Despite its beneficial value, kebun campuran was not intensively managed. On the other hand, the structural vegetation pattern of kebun campuran was the result of various practices carried out by the owners through the processes of introduction, domestication, and selection of plant species. Maintaining kebun campuran in the coastal landscape of Pangandaran might ensure the future of karst ecosystem in this southern coastal area of West Java.

Impact Study of Community’s Nursery Program on Land Cover Change in Jembrana Regency, Bali

One of the priority activities in Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR) program conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry since 2010 is People’s Nursery Program/Kebun Bibit Rakyat (KBR). Jembrana Regency as one of the districts that participated in this program is an area with a diverse physical conditions and represents each watershed zone consisting of upstream, middle, and downstream, so it becomes interesting to study. This study aims to describe the KBR program in terms of changes in land use at the KBR location. The method used in this research was a qualitative descriptive approach referring to data on changes in land cover in 2009, 2013, and 2016 as an analysis material that represents the year before the program, the year when the program began, and the year when the program was harvested. The results of the study showed that there was a change in land cover at the locations during the implementation of the KBR program in Jembrana Regency, namely an increase in dry land forest area of 44.2 ha and mixed gardens of 252.5 ha. This shows that the KBR program has contributed to the RHL program in terms of increasing the area of vegetation and has involved the community in its implementation.