Mixed Emotions Research Articles

Kartografirovanie bazovykh i moralnykh emotsiy pozhilykh zhiteley “depressivnykh” territoriy kak odin iz instrumentov preduprezhdeniya emotsionalnykh konfliktov

The article presents an overview of the main theoretical approaches to the origins of the notions of “basic” and “moral” emotions, and the correlation of emotions and space in such scientific fields as cultural anthropology, sociology, and psychology, starting from the 1980s. Also, the article provides examples of contemporary research which utilizes the visualization of basic and moral emotions by means of applications and computer software as a method of studying the emotional image of the city (cities). In 2017–2022, the author created emotion maps of semi-abandoned Vorzogory and Maloshuika villages and Komsomolsky settlement of the Arkhangelsk region (northern Russia), based on anonymous questionnaires among their permanent senior residents. Mapping of emotions made it possible to visualize problem emotional loci, to reveal the existence of emotional segregation and places of mixed emotions, and to determine the borders of emotional environments. As a result of field observations and analysis of travel blogs, the author concludes that there is a “a conflict of emotions”, i.e. a contradiction between the basic and moral emotions. Not only places of basic emotions, such as anxiety and disgust, but also places of moral emotions, such as pride and shame, require preventive work, aimed at avoiding potential community conflicts, as well as conflicts between the local populations and tourists/migrants, preserving emotional health of senior citizens, and in the end, promoting sustainable development of local communities.

Individual differences in the experiences of mixed emotions:

Individual differences in the experiences of mixed emotions:

INFLUENCE OF MIXED FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ON THE APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR

The facial expression of perceived people, depending on the modality of emotions, influences the approach and avoidance behavior, providing a quick and evolutionarily appropriate response. The influence of mixed facial expressions on the change in the distance between contacting people remains insufficiently studied. The goal of this study is to determine the defining traits of the behavioral tendency to approach and avoid perceived expressions of mixed emotions. The study was expected to find differences in the moving stimuli with mixed facial expressions compared to the basic one, closer and further. The subjects were presented with a computer version of the visual task of approaching and moving away, in which a delay in the psychomotor reaction was recorded under two conditions: affectively congruent (approaching positive and avoiding negative stimuli) and affectively incongruent (composed in the opposite way). By pressing the corresponding keys, the subjects enlarged or reduced the images, which contributed to the creation of the effect of changing the distance between participants and stimuli. Photographic images of basic emotions (anger, fear, joy) and combined expressions from these were used as stimuli. The sample consisted of 60 people aged from 17 to 24 (Ме=20.5), 50% men. The results indicate that the combined expressions used in the study are approached more slowly than expressions of joy and fear (but not anger), and moved further with the same delay in the psychomotor reaction. Thus, the response to combined expressions depends on clearly visible negative valence signals and is not compensated by a pronounced smile. This indicates the dominance of the main diagnostic feature in the formation of a behavioral tendency to approach and avoid. The results obtained can be used to develop social and emotional competence, providing the possibility of recognition and correction of the approach and avoidance behavior towards perceived people depending on mixed facial expression.

The Impact of Mixed Emotions on Consumer Improvisation Behavior in the Environment of COVID-19: The Moderating Effect of Tightness-Looseness Culture.

Organizations and individuals are unprepared for an unexpected outbreak of COVID-19. While most of the literature focuses on improvised reactions at the organizational level, this paper focuses on understanding improvised reactions at the individual level. This paper draws on previous research applying improvisation to the field of consumer behavior and introduces consumer knowledge acquisition as a mediating variable and tightness-looseness culture as a moderating variable from the perspective of mixed emotions of awe and anxiety to explain the mechanism of consumers with mixed emotions of awe and anxiety on improvisation behavior based on the environment of a COVID-19 outbreak. Data from 330 participants in Study 1 examined the effect of mixed emotions of awe and anxiety on improvisation behavior through knowledge acquisition, and data from 434 participants in Study 2 examined the moderating effect of relaxed culture. The findings suggest that consumers with mixed emotions report a higher willingness to acquire knowledge and report higher levels of improvisational behavior. Consumers behaved differently in different environments. Consumers with mixed emotions responded more strongly to improvisation in the loose-culture environment than in the tight-culture environment, and the mixed emotions of awe and anxiety had a positive effect on individual consumers' improvisational behavior through the mediating role of knowledge acquisition.

A Model Combining BDI Logic and Temporal Logics for Decision-Making in Emergency

Abstract Nowadays, we are dealing with panic and unpleasant situations in which, we are constrained to make crucial decisions in a limited delay, due to the mixed emotions that may affect our decision, especially FEAR, this kind of emotion occurs when unwanted or uncontrollable events are present in the environment. These recent years, fear modelling has been well researched and since this emotion is usually associated with the fact that one or more fundamental desires are at stake Unluckily, most of these models miss that FEAR does not always occur similarly in all agents. This paper proposes a new conceptual architecture with a new component by extending BDI logic with the emotion of FEAR, so that the new Emotional-BDI agents may better cope with extremely dynamic unpleasant situations in their surroundings. We also address how we verify the emotional properties by employing a model checker NuSMV. The proposed architecture confirms that NuSMV can be applied to verify the emotional specifications we can program agents that are capable of reasoning over emotions, our experimental results indicate the viability and efficiency of our model. Keywords: Emotional-BDI, Model checking, NuSMV, CUDD, Unpleasant situations.

Exploring the role of social media literacy in adolescents' experiences with personalization: A Norwegian qualitative study

AbstractSocial media platforms rely on algorithms to filter and select content, thereby personalizing every individual's social media experience. Many use social media without awareness of this personalization and its impact, pointing to a need to both understand and improve literacy among active social media users. This qualitative study addresses adolescents' social media literacy through an investigation of their experiences with personalization on social media, aiming for a nuanced perspective of their outcomes. A thematic analysis of eight focus group interviews with 47 students aged 15–19 years uncovered two main themes: (1) diverse levels of adolescents' awareness and familiarity with personalization and (2) positive, negative, and mixed emotions toward personalization. Theme one uncovered that although the adolescents were largely unfamiliar with the terminology, when prompted, most of them could provide examples of personalization, whereas theme two revealed that adolescents appreciated relevant content and yet were uneasy about certain features.

Masculinities and men's emotions in and after intimate partner relationships.

Men's emotions in intimate partner relationships have received little research attention. The current interpretive descriptive study included 30 Canadian-based men to address the research question: What are the connections between masculinities and men's emotions in and after intimate partner relationships? Three inductively derived themes included emergent distressing emotions wherein participants' predominance for holding in abeyance their concerns about the relationship manifested varying levels of emotional stoicism. Within this context most men denied or downplayed and did not express their emotions. When the relationship broke, men were overwhelmed by mixed and weighty break-up emotions comprising diverse and often-times discordant emotions, including sadness, shame, anger, regret and guilt, calling into question men's rationality for deciphering and expressing what was concurrently but inexplicably felt. Shame and anger were prominent emotions demanding the participant's attention to all that happened in and at the end of the relationship. In the third theme, understanding and transitioning after-burn emotions, participant's grief levered their efforts, including soliciting professional help for deconstructing, reframing and expressing their emotions in the aftermath of the partnership ending. The findings contextualise and in some instances counter claims about the utility of men's emotional stoicism by mapping participants' feelings in and after intimate partner relationships.

A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Emotion Recognition and Qualitative Impressions of Armand Henrion’s Self-Portraits Displaying Mixed Emotions

Abstract Researchers often study recognition of single emotions. Realistic faces, however, display several emotions in quick sequence or at the same time (mixed emotions). This likely causes interindividual differences in peoples’ reactions to the same situations and stimuli. We studied such differences using 11 self-portraits painted by Armand Henrion (1875–1958), in which he depicts himself as a Pierrot clown displaying different affective states. Thirty-eight adult participants (15 men) saw the self-portraits twice (one brief, then one unlimited presentation). After the first brief presentation (1–2 s), participants (i) selected the most prominent emotion (out of 20) and (ii) rated the intensity of this emotion. After the second unlimited presentation, participants performed the same selections and ratings before describing what could have caused the facial expression (qualitative data). Results confirmed that Armand Henrion’s self-portraits display mixed emotions: participants selected diverse emotions, sometimes differing in valence. Participants selected comparable emotions between presentations but rated them as more intense the second time. The qualitative answers complemented the selected emotions. For instance, when some participants chose ‘disgust’, others chose ‘sadness’ for the same self-portrait. The qualitative answer matched this choice, indicating that the character either “ate or drank something they don’t like” or “lost something or someone”. We conclude that Armand Henrion’s self-portraits provide a promising set of facial stimuli to investigate mixed emotions. Each self-portrait displays diverse emotions of varying intensities and they are realistic because they could all be linked to possible situations.

From place disruption to attachment: another perspective for international student mobility

ABSTRACT Places can hold the most significant experiences of peoples’ lives, and place attachment rests in these people-place meaningful connections. Traveling abroad for international students is a mobility where changes and mixed emotions entangle to one another. It represents distancing and loosening ties from a familiar place (home) and creating and connecting new ones with another place (host destination). This voluntary relocation is considered a disruption in place attachment and impacts the overall experience of the international student mobility. Nevertheless, the creation of attachment to a place derived from a place disruption remains scarce within international student mobility literature. This case study explores the production of place attachment in international students in the host destination through the conceptual lens of disruptions to attachment via changes in places. Thirty-three in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with international students from different nationalities who have finished a Master’s degree in Tourism at the University of Girona, Spain. This investigation demonstrates the motives and process of place disruption in international student mobility and the power of a host destination to create new emotional bonds and connections, becoming another home for international students.

Promotive and prohibitive ethical voice: Coworker emotions and support for the voice.

Despite the importance of ethical voice for advancing ethics in organizations, we know little about how coworkers respond to ethical voice in their work units. Drawing on the fundamental approach/avoidance behavioral system and the promotive and prohibitive distinction in the voice literature, we distinguish between promotive and prohibitive ethical voice and propose that they engender different emotions-elevation (an approach-oriented moral emotion) and feelings of threat (an avoidance-oriented emotion), respectively, in coworkers. We propose that these emotions differentially influence coworker subsequent responses to the ethical voice behavior. In a time-lagged critical incident survey and two experimental studies, we consistently found support for our hypothesis that promotive ethical voice elicits moral elevation in coworkers with subsequent coworker verbal support for the ethical voice (an approach-oriented response). However, results for prohibitive ethical voice were more complex because prohibitive ethical voice leads to mixed emotions in coworkers. It sometimes leads to feelings of threat, with indirect negative effects via threat on coworker support. But surprisingly, it also leads to coworker elevation and hence can have positive indirect effects via elevation on coworker support. We will discuss the research and practical implications of these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

MA-EM: A neurocognitive model for understanding mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality

ABSTRACT Understanding emotions and moral intentions of other people is integral to being human. Humanities scholars have long recognized the complex and ambiguous nature of emotions and morality. People are rarely ‘just’ happy, or sad. Neither are they ‘just’ good or bad people. Despite this, most knowledge about the psychological and neural basis of emotions and moral understanding comes from experiments investigating unidimensional and non-ambiguous emotions and morality. The goal of this paper is twofold. First I want to point out why mixed and ambiguous emotions and morality are a promising research topic for cognitive neuroscientists. Observing or experiencing mixed or ambiguous emotions and morality tends to have a strong impact on humans. This impact is clearly visible in narratives and fiction, and I will argue that narratives make an excellent stimulus to study the effects of emotional and moral ambiguity. Second, I will sketch a model to help guide research in this promising corner of human cognition.

For all the Blessings of this Life

I argue, first, against the idea that Christian thanksgiving is about counting one’s blessings, or finding something specific in every circumstance which is intended by God for one’s own good. For we cannot know how God specifically intended to benefit us in most circumstances, and such knowledge is required for blessings-counting; and the New Testament models a different kind of thanksgiving which makes more sense in light of Christian theology. I also argue against the conception of Christian gratitude as a positive (pleasant-feeling) emotion, given the fallen nature of the world; instead, it must be a mixed emotion, combining a pleasant-feeling anticipatory joy over God’s action of world-salvation with unpleasant feelings such as dissatisfaction, restlessness, or yearning.

Establishing the Tagum City Kagikan Museum: The Lived Experiences of Cultural Workers

Museum plays an important role in conserving and protecting the heritage of the city. This phenomenological study traces in the Tagum Citys Kagikan Museum on its establishment, how they preserve the cultural artifacts and historical remnants as well as explore the experiences of the cultural workers. The seven participants were divided into in-depth interviews and focus group discussion following the safety protocols and health standards of gathering the data. The Kagikan Museum had an early cultural showcase of Tagum City prior to its formal establishment in which the cultural workers participated in yearly exhibit of history and culture of the city and conducted research project about its kagikan. Carefully planned by the Local Government Unit of Tagum with the big help of the cultural workers then formally built of the Cultural Center and already open to serve its purpose in the city. The experiences of the cultural workers varied where they felt mixed emotion with the idea of cultural exhibit, excited in planning the Kagikan Museum and experienced struggles in the implementation and operation of the Kagikan Museum. On the other hand, the cultural workers shared the ways of preserving and protecting the historical remnants in the Kagikan Museum such as doing periodic inventory and maintenance following the traditional method of preserving the cultural artifacts and valuing the importance of the past, present, and future artifacts. Under each category are specific methods of cultural workers.

Supplemental Material for Investigating Mixed Emotion Elicitation Across the Life Span via Intensity and Networks

Supplemental Material for Investigating Mixed Emotion Elicitation Across the Life Span via Intensity and Networks

The curious case of threat-awe: A theoretical and empirical reconceptualization.

Threat-based awe, or threat-awe, has been conceptualized as a fear-centric, negative-valenced variant of awe, although awe is a positive emotion embodying wonder and amazement. This research, however, argues that threat-awe is a mixed emotion rather than a negatively valenced subaspect of awe. We tested this conceptualization using two methodologies: (a) the theoretical framework of cognitive appraisals and (b) measures of ambivalence (an emotion co-occurrence index of bivalence, the Evaluative Space Grid, and a four-item scale to measure mixed emotions). Five studies (N = 1,140) compared threat-awe's appraisal profile and valence perceptions to univalenced, positive (awe, pride, happiness) and negative (fear) emotions. Research suggests that appraisal profiles of mixed emotions are close to their component emotions but distinct on certain appraisal dimensions. The empirical measures of valence demonstrate that threat-awe is felt as awe and fear in concert. Further, in terms of appraisals, threat-awe's appraisal profile is distinct from awe and fear on the dimensions of vastness, pleasantness, and situational control. Together, the two approaches-cognitive appraisals and measures of valence-provide convergent evidence that threat-awe is a mixed emotion. In conceptually clarifying threat-awe, we contribute to the nascent literature on mixed emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Seeking to Understand the Opposition to the Relief Society Activities of the Sesquicentennial Year

Seeking to Understand the Opposition to the Relief Society Activities of the Sesquicentennial Year

Impacts of Perinatal Death on Women and Families: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Perinatal death is the death of unborn or newborn children that is perceived as the death of a non-person which affects not only women but also the whole family and may have a long-lasting negative impact on the living child. This review aimed to outline current evidence concerning focus on the impacts of perinatal death on women and families. A systematic review of literature focused on women and families facing perinatal death was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The search was limited to published studies from January 2012 to December 2021, and the relevant databases utilized to conduct the systematic search included CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Over 1,000 titles were initially identified, which yielded 11 studies for evaluation and synthesis. Data extraction was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute data-extraction tool. Thematic synthesis was used to synthesize the data. Two core themes were identified: 1) impact on women (being overwhelmed with suffering, losing a sense of self-worth, risks of pathological grief); and 2) impact on families (subsequent pregnancy produces mixed emotions, neglecting a living child, marital disharmony, lacking support from a health professional). In conclusion, further research is needed on the voices of men, existing children, and entire families. In particular, there is a need to develop an effective intervention for entire families experiencing perinatal death by focusing on individuals and different cultures.

Synergistic effects of disgust and anger on amygdala activation while recalling memories of interpersonal stress: An fMRI study

Occurrence of an unpleasant interpersonal event in daily life may cause an individual to experience unpleasant emotions and recall memories regarding it. These emotions, manifesting in daily social interactions, are often complex and mixed. In the laboratory, autobiographical recall is frequently used to induce emotions; however, it often involves recalling memories associated with a specific discrete emotion (e.g., sadness). To examine the neural activity of emotions similar to real-life experiences, we examined neural activity while recalling memories of stressful interpersonal events in daily life, without specifying a discrete emotion. Of the 23 university students recruited, 21 were analyzed and asked to freely recall memories and answer a series of questions on a monitor concerning their recalled memories while their neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala activity increased while receiving the instructions, followed by a decrease in activity. This indicates that the participants' arousal and vigilance initially increased in response to a novel stimulus, and then decreased by habituation. Disgust and anger, which frequently occur as negative interpersonal feelings, were most prominently produced with strong associations with each other. More importantly, activation of the right amygdala while responding to questions regarding the recalled memories was positively correlated with disgust or anger only when not controlling for anger or disgust, respectively. These results indicate that responding to questions facilitated the generation of a mixed emotional response compared to during free recall alone. Furthermore, disgust and anger as a mixed emotion can synergistically activate amygdala.

Reflective Lullaby Writing with two mother--infant dyads who recently experienced an admission to a neonatal intensive care unit

ABSTRACT Introduction Having a premature baby is a complex experience for parents, especially where an admission to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) after birth is required. Regardless of length of admission, parents likely confront mixed emotions related to their concerns for their baby’s physical health and development, which are often still present in the months and years after their baby’s discharge. Supporting parents to emotionally process their experience presents unique challenges, and a deeper understanding of how to facilitate this process is needed. Method The purpose of this research project was to explore parents’ experiences of engaging in individualised parent--infant music therapy in their home setting after their baby’s discharge from a NICU setting. Interviews were conducted with two mothers and descriptive phenomenology guided the immersive process of data analysis and explicating the prominent themes. Results Four shared themes were identified. Songwriting was experienced as being distinctly therapeutic, and mothers described the value of intentionally creating lyrics which captured what they wanted to remember about their NICU and parenting journey. Both mothers valued reconnecting with aspects of their previous selves from before their NICU experience. Discussion The composition of a personal song using therapeutic techniques offered mothers the opportunity to reflect on, and to begin to process their parenting experiences. Reflective Lullaby Writing is articulated as a novel approach to support post-NICU families. The findings of this pilot study will inform future studies in this area of practice which has not yet been well-established in the current discourse.

Patient perspectives on diagnosis and management of hidradenitis suppurativa: A web-based survey

Patient perspectives on diagnosis and management of hidradenitis suppurativa: A web-based survey