Patient perspectives on diagnosis and management of hidradenitis suppurativa: A web-based survey

Abstract

To the Editor: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and scarring.1Alikhan A. Sayed C. Alavi A. et al.North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: a publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundations: part I: diagnosis, evaluation, and the use of complementary and procedural management.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 81: 76-90Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (151) Google Scholar,2Ingram J.R. The epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa.Br J Dermatol. 2020; 183: 990-998Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar HS is associated with high physical and psychological burden and reduced quality of life.3Kimball A.B. Crowley J.J. Papp K. et al.Baseline patient-reported outcomes from UNITE: an observational, international, multicentre registry to evaluate hidradenitis suppurativa in clinical practice.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34: 1302-1308Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar,4Mac Mahon J. Kirthi S. Byrne N. et al.An update on health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa.Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2020; 11: 21-26Crossref PubMed Google Scholar HS diagnostic delays and management challenges are widely acknowledged; however, limited data are available on patient perspectives through HS diagnosis and treatment.5Saunte D.M. Boer J. Stratigos A. et al.Diagnostic delay in hidradenitis suppurativa is a global problem.Br J Dermatol. 2015; 173: 1546-1549Crossref PubMed Scopus (196) Google Scholar This survey study describes patient experiences from symptom onset to treatment initiation and disease management. This prospective web-based survey study was conducted between December 15, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Of 50 patients with HS invited to complete the 46-question survey, 47 completed it for a response rate of 94%; all provided written informed consent prior to participating. Ethics review and data privacy approvals were obtained through a centralized institutional review board. Patients were questioned on demographics, disease characteristics, journey to care, and disease management. Descriptive analyses were conducted by Guidehouse using SAS statistical software or Microsoft Excel. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were comparable to those previously described for HS populations in the United States. One-third of patients (31.9%) sought medical help only when symptoms became unbearable (Supplementary Table, available via Mendeley at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ydk2byc832/1). Most patients (70.2%) self-treated with nonprescription therapies before seeking medical help (Table I). One-third of patients were referred to a dermatologist; of these, 60% reported that their referral process was “very/somewhat difficult.” Patients experienced substantial diagnostic delays, and 40.4% of patients waited >1 year from diagnosis to the first prescribed treatment. HS symptoms had a major impact on patients’ daily activities, and 57.4% reported feeling embarrassed, anxious/nervous, or down/depressed about their disease.Table IPatient-reported experiences from symptom onset through HS diagnosis and managementCharacteristic (N = 47)∗N = 47 unless otherwise specified.Patients with HS, n (%)Tried nonprescription therapies before seeking medical help†Nonprescription therapies most frequently mentioned by patients included pain killers (eg, acetaminophen, ibuprofen), epsom salt, black salve, and antibacterial washes and ointments.33 (70.2)Referral to dermatologist15 (31.9)Patient experience with the referral process, n = 15‡Only includes patients who had been referred to a dermatologist. No patients reported that the referral process was “very easy.” “Very difficult”7 (46.7) “Somewhat difficult”2 (13.3) “Neutral”5 (33.3) “Somewhat easy”1 (6.7)Time from symptom onset to diagnosis <1 y5 (10.6) 1-5 y13 (27.7) 5-10 y9 (19.1) >10 y20 (42.6)Time from diagnosis to the first prescribed treatment Before diagnosis§Received pharmacological treatment before diagnosis.1 (2.1) Immediately15 (31.9) <1 mo7 (14.9) <1 y5 (10.6) 1-5 y10 (21.3) 5-10 y4 (8.5) >10 y5 (10.6)Time from the first treatment to biologic initiation, n = 22 1-6 mo6 (27.3) 7-11 mo2 (9.1) 1-2 y5 (22.7) >2 y9 (40.9)Patient-reported biggest disadvantages of biologic treatment, n = 22‖Patients could select more than 1 response; other included “quarterly blood work and increased chance of TB/infections” and “adalimumab no longer worked, taken more than once.” Satisfaction with disease control10 (45.5) Side effects9 (40.9) Expensive cost7 (31.8) Forget to take treatment3 (13.6) Does not work as fast as desired3 (13.6) Other2 (9.1) Does not like needles/injections1 (4.5) Too much time needed to take it/travel to treatment center1 (4.5)Patient concerns that their current treatment will stop working “Very worried”17 (36.2) “Somewhat worried”8 (17.0) “Little worried”11 (23.4) “Not worried”11 (23.4)“Extreme/very much” feelings reported by patients about HS “Embarrassed”27 (57.4) “Nervous/anxious”27 (57.4) “Down/depressed”25 (53.2)HS, Hidradenitis suppurativa.∗ N = 47 unless otherwise specified.† Nonprescription therapies most frequently mentioned by patients included pain killers (eg, acetaminophen, ibuprofen), epsom salt, black salve, and antibacterial washes and ointments.‡ Only includes patients who had been referred to a dermatologist. No patients reported that the referral process was “very easy.”§ Received pharmacological treatment before diagnosis.‖ Patients could select more than 1 response; other included “quarterly blood work and increased chance of TB/infections” and “adalimumab no longer worked, taken more than once.” Open table in a new tab HS, Hidradenitis suppurativa. Patients reported mixed feelings upon receiving their diagnosis, with 51% feeling relieved to have a diagnosis for their symptoms and 28% feeling discouraged about the chronic/progressive nature of HS (Fig 1). Only 36% of patients reported that their disease was well managed by their current physician. The majority (74%) reported they were never prompted to talk about HS with a mental health professional, and 40% were never counseled on lifestyle modifications (Supplementary Fig 1, available via Mendeley at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ydk2byc832/1). Of the 22 patients (46.8%) who were prescribed biologics, 66% reported biologics as the most helpful treatment class (Supplementary Fig 2, available via Mendeley at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ydk2byc832/1). Over one-half of patients (53.2%) expressed that they were very/somewhat worried that their current HS treatment would stop working (Table I). Furthermore, the top patient-reported disadvantages of biologics included dissatisfaction with disease control (45.5%), side effects (40.9%), and expensive cost (31.8%) (Table I). These findings are limited in their generalizability due to the modest sample size, the uncontrolled setting, and the localized geography. Patient perspectives substantiated major diagnosis and treatment delays, mixed emotions upon receiving the diagnosis of HS, and perceived poor disease management. Strategies to help improve HS diagnosis and delivery of care may include public awareness campaigns, transparent and compassionate patient–physician interactions about HS, increased education about treatment options, and development of novel accessible and affordable therapeutics with durable efficacy. Multidisciplinary care and increased patient and provider awareness are needed to address gaps in delivering comprehensive and timely HS care with improved patient satisfaction. J.L. Hsiao is on the board of directors for the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (HSF) and has served as an advisor for Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and UCB and as a speaker and advisor for AbbVie. V.Y. Shi is on the board of directors for the HSF; serves as an advisor for the National Eczema Association; is a stock shareholder of Learn Health; and has served as an advisory board member, investigator, speaker, and/or received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Incyte, Boehringer Ingelheim, Aristea Therapeutics, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt’s Bees, Galderma, Kiniksa, UCB, Target-PharmaSolutions, Altus Lab/cQuell, MYOR, Polyfins Techology, GpSkin, and Skin Actives Scientific. E. Muscianisi and J. Darcy are employees of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. E. Nguyen is an employee of Novartis Gene Therapies. J.S. Kirby is on the board of directors for the HSF and has served as an advisory board member, investigator, speaker, and/or consultant for AbbVie, ChemoCentryx, CSL Behring, DermTech, InflaRx, Incyte, Novartis, Janssen, Pfizer, and UCB. Medical writing support was provided by Charli Dominguez, PhD, CMPP, of Health Interactions, Inc, Chicago, IL, and was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. This manuscript was developed in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines. The authors had full control of the content and made the final decision on all aspects of this publication.