Mixed Dentition Stage Research Articles

Treatment effects and biomechanical analysis of TMA spring appliance

Background/Aim Among Angle's classification, skeletal class III is the most difficult to treat. Treatment using the TMA spring intraoral appliance was investigated in the late mixed dentition and showed desirable effects. The present work aimed to investigate, biomechanically, the TMA spring appliance in the early mixed-dentition stage with specifically outlined force direction, duration, and magnitude in order to provide solid results that can be relied upon clinically. Patients and methods The sample consisted of 20 patients with an age range 8–10 years and an average of 8.6 years. Lateral cephalograms were taken and analyzed before treatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3). The patients were instructed to wear the TMA spring appliance 12–16 h/day for 9 months, followed by 6 months of retention. The appliance delivered a force of 400 g/per side as measured with the force gauge. Results Comparing T1–T2 and T1–T3, there was a significant difference between sexes in points U6/S perpendicular; P=0013 and P=0.0159, SNA (P=0.0122, P=0.0371), and ANB (P=0.0491) at T1–T2. There was a significant difference in the whole sample for all the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue measurements; P value less than 0.05, regarding treatment and retention changes. Conclusions The TMA spring appliance enhanced the cooperation of the patients, resulted in forward movement and clockwise rotation of the maxilla. Mandibular clockwise rotation and dentoalveolar changes also contributed to the overall correction of class III.

Pediatric Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis and Long-Term Dental Morbidity: A Clinical Evaluation and Review of the Literature

Objectives: Pediatric mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an increasingly common surgical procedure used to lengthen the mandible. Little is known about the long-term effects of MDO on dental development. This retrospective study sought to identify dental abnormalities at mixed dentition and early permanent dentition stages in patients who had undergone MDO. Methods: All pediatric patients who underwent MDO with imaging and clinical exams at mixed dentition and early permanent dentition stages were evaluated identify pathology. Data included demographic information, medical and surgical history, complications, and dental exam information. Descriptive statistics were reported. Results: Twenty-two hemimandibles at mixed dentition stage and 24 at early permanent stage were included. Mean age at initial MDO was 7.95 years with a mean follow-up time of 15.1 years. Nine patients required more than 1 distraction. At the mixed dentition stage, all patients showed abnormalities. The most common abnormalities were absent, dysplastic, or ectopic molars. At early permanent dentition stage, 87.5% of patients had dental abnormalities. The most common abnormality was missing molars (third, second, and first), but dysplastic, impacted, and ectopic teeth were also noted. At both mixed and early permanent dentition stages, some patients were noted to have abnormal V-shaped sigmoid notching of the mandibular ramus of undetermined clinical significance. Buccal mucosal scarring that interfered with orthodontic treatment was observed in a subset of patients. Conclusions: This study provides long-term dental analyses of patients undergoing MDO for mandibular hypoplasia. Dental abnormalities were seen at both mixed and early permanent dentition stages. Molars were the most commonly affected with absence the most commonly seen abnormality. Dysplastic, ectopic, and impacted teeth were also seen in posterior and anterior dentition, and abnormalities in buccal soft tissue and the mandibular ramus were also seen. MDO remains a crucial tool for functional and aesthetic improvement in children with hypoplastic mandibles. Dental abnormalities as a consequence of MDO should be considered as part of surgical planning process.

Alveolar bone grafting and gingivoperiosteoplasty in bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) and alveolar bone grafting (ABG) procedures have a vast history. There have been many publications regarding ABG and secondary ABG, with and without presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO), in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. There is little long-term data available describing results of both techniques. The interdisciplinary approach to primary and secondary surgical procedures has proven to be beneficial for patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. In the neonates, naso-alveolar molding (NAM) has been found to optimize the aesthetic outcome as well as re-approximating the arches to facilitate GPP. During the mixed dentition stage, arch preparation/expansion before the secondary ABG procedure improves arch morphology, restores the functional interarch relationship, and facilitates surgery. This review aims to highlight the key points of both the procedures and why combining both procedures along with PSIO procedures such as NAM might be helpful for the patients in the long term.

THEEFFICIENCY OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF CLASSII MALOCCLUSION IN CHILDREN WITH β -THALASSEMIA MAJO

Aims: Evaluation of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion with the Twin-block appliance in children withβ-thalassemia major. Methods: The study was conducted with 49 patients with Class II malocclusion aged 10-14 years. The control group included 23 healthy patients. The main group included 26 patients with β-thalassemia major. Patients had received orthodontic treatment with a Twin-block appliance. The duration of orthodontic treatment was 1.5–2 years. Results: In both groups, a statistically significant increase in the SNB angle was observed. Subsequently, the ANB angle was normalized. The effective length of the maxilla growing and mandibular length increasing was observed. Overjet distance is decreased due to favorable torque changes. Pretreatment assessment revealed that overbite was smaller in children with β-thalassemia major. As the effect of orthodontic treatment, statistically, significant changes were observed on both overjet and overbite distances (p <0.001). Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment of β-thalassemia major of patients with Twin-block appliance in mixed dentition stage is effective in improving inter arch relationships and the orofacial functions.

Results of orthodontic treatment of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and the congenital mandibular condylar hyperplasia

Aim. To analyze the results of orthodontic treatment of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandiblar condylar hyperplasia.
 Methods. The configuration of a face in the photos was evaluated and diagnostic models of the jaws were analyzed by using the Ponts and Korkhaus methods in treatment dynamics. The physiological status of bone tissue, temporomandibular joints and teeth was studied by using orthopantomography and computed tomography. Functional disorders were detected by using special tests, including EschlerBittner's test and Ilyina-Markosyans test. Orthodontic treatment and stimulation of mandibular growth in the mixed dentition stage were undertaken with the single jaw removable appliances and the appliance improved by us for correction of the distal occlusion. The Damon Q bracket system with archwires was used in permanent dentition period.
 Results. The child's convex facial profile was typical for distal occlusion and micrognathia. The facial asymmetry, increasing with mouth opening, and a decrease in mandibular range of motion indicated lesion of the right temporomandibular joint. The right condyle was enlarged on the orthopantomogram. The computed tomography showed that it was asymmetrically enlarged and had a cellular structure. There was detected asymmetric micrognathia. The comprehensive rehabilitation plan included orthodontic treatment, myotherapy, speech therapy, mechanotherapy. The use of removable orthodontic appliances led to the normal size of the dentition and their relation, significantly reduced functional disorders and improved facial aesthetics. Five years after completion of orthodontic treatment, the physiological occlusion and amplitude of the mandibular movements remained, but the right mandibular angle was flattened.
 Conclusion. The comprehensive rehabilitation of a child with asymmetrical micrognathia and mandibular condylar hyperplasia started in mixed dentition stage provided conditions for the formation of normal permanent dentition and the improvement of functional disorders and facial aesthetics; our results allow us to suggest the positive effect of our tactics for treatment of the patient.

Prevalensi Persistensi Gigi Sulung Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun : Kajian pada Rekam Medik di RSGM FKG USAKTI (Penelitian)

Background: Tooth growth and development disturbances often occur in children. One such disorder is persistent primary teeth. This condition occurs in children aged 6 to 12 y.o, during mixed dentition stage. Persistent primary teeth is a condition when primary teeth is retained beyond the time of normal exfoliation, which can later induce teeth crowding. Objective: To determine the prevalence of persistent primary teeth in children aged 6 to 12 y.o at RSGM FKG Usakti. Method: This type of research is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Sampels were obtained with consecutive sampling method. Sample used in this study was 215 medical records of patients aged 6 to 12 y.o at RSGM FKG Usakti during the period 1 May 2018 to 1 May 2019. Results: The results showed total of 215 samples consists of 50 (23.26%) with persistent primary teeth and 165 (76.74%) without persistent primary teeth. Persistent mostly occurs in girls aged 7 y.o (26%). Persistent primary teeth is most common in one tooth (52%) in the anterior region (57.4%) both in the maxilla (50%) and mandible (50%). Persistent primary teeth are most commonly found in maxillary central incisors (43.48%). Conclusion: The prevalence of persistent primary teeth in children aged 6 to 12 y.o at RSGM FKG Usakti was 23.26%.

Management of anterior open-bite in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition stage: a descriptive review.

Anterior open bite is one of the most complex malocclusions to manage. The interaction of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects can contribute to develop an anterior open bite. The skeletal open bite requires a more complex approach of treatment to reach function, aesthetics, and stability. The approaches vary depending on the causative factors and the age of patients. Treatment approaches for open bite patients differ when dealing with adults and growing patients. The aim of this descriptive review was to summarize the main existing treatment strategies for anterior open bite, from the noninvasive behavioural shaping to the orthodontic intrusion with skeletal anchorage.

Ortodoncia interceptiva durante la pandemia COVID-19: Urgencias y tratamientos prioritarios

A la presente fecha, los diferentes organismos de salud internacionales y locales han publicado recomendaciones, regulaciones y protocolos para atención odontológica durante de la pandemia COVID-19, ajustados a las diferentes etapas de la misma. La Asociación Latinoamericana de Odontopediatría, en su misión apoyar y llevar la mejor información disponible a todos los colegas latinos, ha publicado guías prácticas y documentos de apoyo fáciles de utilizar y compartir con todo el personal odontológico que trabaje en ambiente hospitalario, clínicas gubernamentales, instituciones educativas y clínicas privadas, que presten atención a niños, adolescentes y pacientes en situación de discapacidad.1-3 Diferentes países se encuentran en diferentes etapas de la pandemia por lo que las recomendaciones pueden incluir limitar el tratamiento odontológico a los casos de urgencia o con necesidad de tratamiento prioritario. Esto puede implicar la suspensión temporal de los controles periódicos de ortodoncia interceptiva. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar directrices en el manejo de la atención de pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia interceptiva el periodo de Pandemia por COVID-19, utilizando la literatura disponible y la opinión de los expertos. Son muchos los pacientes pediátricos que utilizan aparatos o que necesitan terapia a corto plazo, situaciones que requieren de planificación de tratamiento según la etapa de la pandemia en la cual se encuentre cada localidad. Aunque los procedimientos de ortodoncia generalmente se consideran optativos, hay situaciones en cuales son prioritarios. Siendo así en este documento se busca definir el término de urgencias ortodóncicas durante el confinamiento COVID-19, determinando cuáles situaciones pueden ser manejadas en el hogar a través de la teleodontología y cuáles requieren la asistencia personal a la consulta odontológica. Igualmente, busca describir las maloclusiones que requieren tratamiento prioritario luego del confinamiento COVID-19, realizando algunas recomendaciones terapéuticas basadas en diferentes niveles de evidencia, para la etapa de dentición primaria o mixta temprana. Las recomendaciones que a continuación se proponen están vinculadas a la situación excepcional de pandemia y pueden diferir de las prácticas clínicas habituales. No constituyen un protocolo clínico exhaustivo de todos los tratamientos posibles, sino una guía de orientación, sin sustituir regulaciones locales, protocolos específicos, ni leyes vigentes en cada país y son susceptibles a evolucionar y cambiar en función de la situación sanitaria. Se insta a los profesionales a realizar seguimiento a las actualizaciones que puede haber sobre este documento.

Factors for crowding in the early mixed dentition stage

Objective: To find out the factors responsible for crowding in the early mixed dentition. 
 Materials and methods: 60 dental casts of children in their early mixed dentition ( 30 boys and 30 girls) were divided into crowded and noncrowded groups. Comparison were made between the two groups according to following criterion: -(1) space available for permanent lower incisors, (2) total incisor width, (3) deciduous intermolar width, (5) permanent intermolar width, (6) interalveolar width, (7) total arch length. Correlation of the measurements with crowding was also evaluated. 
 Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed using STATA-12.0 (STATA SE, StataCorp., Texas, USA). Means, standard deviation, and medians were calculated for describing the data. Data was tested for normality using Shapiro-Wilks test. Since all variables were found to be non-normally distributed, therefore comparison of all measurements between the crowded and non-crowded groups was done using Wilcoxon ranksum test (Mann-Whitney test). All values were considered statistically significant for a value of p<0.05.
 Results: Mandibular deciduous intercanine width was significantly larger in Noncrowded Group. The space available for the mandibular permanent incisors and total arch length were significantly larger in Noncrowded Group. The correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between crowding and available space, intercanine width, intermolar width I. No significant correlation was found between crowding and intermolar width II, permanent intermolar width, and interalveolar width. 
 Conclusion: Procedures which preserve the arch length such as timely restoration of proximal caries, prevention of premature loss of deciduous teeth and use of space maintainers such as lingual arch may prove useful in alleviating crowding.

The Importance of Treating Functional Cross Bite: A Clinical Viewpoint

Functional cross bites can bring about structural changes on account of asymmetric condylar positioning and neuromuscular patterns. In the long term uneven bite forces and asymmetric EMG loading patterns can lead to mandibular asymmetry, periodontal damage and poor esthetics. Moving the involved teeth into optimal functional positions can normalize the path of mandibular closure and eliminate asymmetric neuromuscular function. It is important that these changes are done early, during the mixed dentition stage, to minimize factors that are detrimental to harmonious occlusion and jaw growth. However, sometimes due to insufficient awareness, the visit to the dental office for regular checkups does not take place until signs of facial asymmetry or gross irregularity in the alignment of anterior teeth are evident. The adolescent is well into the permanent dentition by then and has a firmly established forward path of closure of the mandible which is not easy to alter. Eliminating the forward slide of mandible even at this stage can position the condyles symmetrically within the glenoid fossae. Establishing a positive overjet can help to limit the unrestricted mandibular growth that might have occurred, had the reverse incisor relationship persisted.

Dental management and restoration of confidence in children with hollywood appliance: A case series

Loss of anterior teeth can have a detrimental effect on children's quality of life, and the therapeutic approaches are always challenging. Missing teeth can have a marked psychosocial effect and functional implications for a growing child. This report describes the replacement of missing teeth in 5-and 9-year-old male patients by Hollywood appliance. These cases illustrate the essential role of the pediatric dentist in the management of missing teeth in the mixed dentition stage. The treatment outcomes had a positive impact on the confidence of children as well.

Applicability of Boston University approach for predicting permanent teeth size in a sample of children

Background Accurate prediction of the mesiodistal widths of canines and premolars in children with primary dentition facilitates interception of malocclusion at an early age. Boston University (BU) approach is one, that is, based on primary teeth for predicting canine and premolar dimensions. Aim The aim was to evaluate the size of unerupted canines and premolars using BU approach in comparison to Tanaka and Johnston (T/J) analysis in a sample of Egyptian children. Materials and Methods A total of 300 children (150 boys and 150 girls) with an average age (7–10) years with existence of primary maxillary and mandibular canines and primary first molars and eruption of all permanent mandibular incisors, free from caries, restoration or any abnormalities in size, shape or structure of teeth. The mesiodistal widths of the required teeth were measured using digital caliper from which widths of permanent canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J analysis and BU approach. Results There was a strong positive correlation between BU approach and T/J analysis when used for children in mixed dentition stage. Conclusion Application of BU approach as a prediction method of permanent teeth dimension in a sample of Egyptian children from Tanta city in the mixed dentition stage revealed a strong correlation with the widely applied T/J analysis.

Cleft treatment: A timely approach

This article presents the case of a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, treated by dento-facial orthopedics followed by orthodontic intervention. The patient reported in the mixed dentition stage with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate. Extraorally, the patient had a concave profile, obtuse nasolabial angle and negative lip step. Intraorally, there was an evident anterior crossbite, rotated central incisors and missing lateral incisors. The maxillary deficiency was addressed using facemask followed by orthodontic treatment to correct the dentoalveolar retrusion. Keywords: Cleft palate, Facemask, Orthopaedics and Cleft.

Effects of Combined Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facemask Therapy on the Mandibular Dental Arch in Mixed Dentition.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the mandibular dental arch and incisor alignment induced by combined bonded Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) and Face Mask (FM) therapy in the mixed dentition stage in which leeway space was used throughout the treatment. This retrospective study evaluates pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment (T1) cephalometric radiographs and orthodontic models of 25 patients (mean age: 10.75±2.64), in mixed dentition, having skeletal Class 3 anomaly (ANB<0) with maxillary retrognatism (SNA=77.2±0.68) and bilateral posterior crossbite treated with bonded Hyrax RME-FM. Mean treatment duration was 10.4 months. Dental model measurements were performed using the 3Shape OrthoAnalyzerTM 2013-1 program. Changes in the mandibular incisor and first molar positions were determined on cephalometric radiographs. Statistical evaluation was done with a paired t-test. A significant increase of 1.2 mm was found in intermolar width (p<0.001) in the mandibular dental arch. There was a significant decrease (1.4 mm) (p<0.001) in arch depth and an increase in arch length discrepancy (1.7mm)(p<0.01). There was a significant increase (0.8mm) (p<0.05) in the incisors' irregularity score (LII). IMPA showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). Clinicians should be aware that mandibular crowding tends to increase during this type of combined therapy.

Relationship between Breastfeeding and Malocclusion: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the available literature about the influence of breastfeeding in primary and mixed dentition on different types of malocclusions. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were used to perform the present review. The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science and Ovid. Results: A primary research found a total of 279 articles. Two more papers were also considered from the gray literature. Two hundred sixty-three articles were excluded as they were deemed irrelevant on the basis of: duplicates, title, abstract, methods and/or irrelevant contents. Eighteen papers were selected and included in the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: breastfeeding is a positive factor that seems to reduce the incidence of posterior crossbite, skeletal class II and distoclusion in primary and mixed dentition. A sort of positive relationship between months of breastfeeding and risk reduction seems to exist. More longitudinal research is needed to avoid bias in the results, with data collected prospectively on the months of exclusive breastfeeding, by means of specific questionnaires and successive clinical evaluation of the occlusal condition at the primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition stages.

Association between 2 indexes for evaluating malocclusion in the mixed dentition

This study aimed to associate 2 indexes for evaluating malocclusion in the mixed dentition. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 743 children aged 8-10years, divided into early and late mixed dentition. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and criteria proposed by Grabowski were used to evaluate malocclusion. Associations between the DAI (outcome variable) and the other independent variables (gender, race, and mixed dentition stage) were analyzed using logistic regression models. Simple logistic regression models were constructed, estimating the crude odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The variables with P<0.20 in the simple analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, estimating adjusted odds ratios with the respective 95% CIs. We found that 84.01% (185/220) of the diagnoses were coincidental between the Grabowski Index and DAI in patients without malocclusion. In contrast, 59.80% (439/734) of the patients were diagnosed by both indexes (Grabowski and DAI) with malocclusion. Children with malocclusion, diagnosed by the Grabowski Index, were 5.85 (P=0.0001 and 95% CI: 4.08-8.39) times more likely to show malocclusions when diagnosed by the DAI. DAI and the criteria proposed by Grabowski were expressed differently in relation to malocclusion in the mixed dentition. This study suggests the importance of specific criteria for the evaluation of malocclusion at this stage of development.

Mesiodense; a common dental problems in pediatric patient. A case report

A mesiodense is a most common supernumerary tooth which is one of the most significant dental anomalies at the primary and early mixed dentition stages. The reported prevalence of mesiodense in general population ranges between 0.15% to 1.9% and more frequently found in the permanent dentition but rarely found in primary dentition. Mesiodense are primarily responsible for eruption disturbances or delay of the maxillary anterior permanent teeth emergence. Therefore the dentists and parents are great concern about malocclusion and esthetic problems which is caused by mesiodense. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of mesiodense is important to prevent further complications in permanent dentition. A case of mesiodense of 8 years old child in upper anterior region in mixed dentition and their management have been discussed.&#x0D; Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (2): 26-28

Midface Morphology and Growth in Syndromic Craniosynostosis Patients Following Frontofacial Monobloc Distraction.

Facial advancement represents the essence of the surgical treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis. Frontofacial monobloc distraction is an effective surgical approach to correct midface retrusion although someone consider it very hazardous procedure. The authors evaluated a group of patients who underwent frontofacial monobloc distraction with the aim to identify the advancement results performed in immature skeletal regarding the midface morphologic characteristics and its effects on growth. Sixteen patients who underwent frontofacial monobloc distraction with pre- and postsurgical computed tomography (CT) scans were evaluated and compared to a control group of 9 nonsyndromic children with CT scans at 1-year intervals during craniofacial growth. Three-dimensional measurements and superimposition of the CT scans were used to evaluate midface morphologic features and longitudinal changes during the craniofacial growth and following the advancement. Presurgical growth was evaluated in 4 patients and postsurgical growth was evaluated in 9 patients. Syndromic maxillary width and length were reduced and the most obtuse facial angles showed a lack in forward projection of the central portion in these patients. Three-dimensional distances and images superimposition demonstrated the age did not influence the course of abnormal midface growth. The syndromic midface is hypoplastic and the sagittal deficiency is associated to axial facial concavity. The advancement performed in mixed dentition stages allowed the normalization of facial position comparable to nonsyndromic group. However, the procedure was not able to change the abnormal midface architecture and craniofacial growth.

Assessment of brushing techniques taught by dental students to children in mixed dentition stage - A retrospective study

Dentists play an important role in the primary prevention of dental problems in young through preventive treatments, risk assessment and anticipatory guidance for parents regarding oval development, caries prevention and overall oral health, including brushing techniques, fluoride toothpaste, brushing twice a day. The aim of this study was to evaluate the commonly used brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage. Data were retrieved from the dental records. Data of brushing techniques used in pediatric dentistry was collected from the patient management records of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Patients of 6–12 years with mixed dentition were shortlisted. Data obtained was tabulated in excel and analyzed using statistical software. Age distribution of this study was 6 years (6.2%), 7 years (15%), 8 years (19%), 9 years(16.4%), 10 years(15.3%), 11 years(13.6%), 12 years (14.2%). Gender distribution of this study was males (57%) and females (43%). Most commonly taught brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage was Fones brushing technique (73.5%) followed by the Modified Bass technique (19.1%) (p&lt;0.05- significant). We can conclude by saying that the Fones brushing technique was the most commonly taught brushing technique by dental students during the mixed dentition stage with male predominance, and it was statistically significant.

Accuracy of Deciduous and Permanent Molar Teeth in Gender determination of Egyptian Children: Dental and Forensic Implications

Forensic odontology is an investigative aspect of dentistry that apply dental knowledge for legal issues including identification of unknown human bodies or remains. Sexual dimorphism of permanent teeth measurements has been extensively studied but, no studies involved pediatric age group with mixed deciduous and permanent dentition. The aim of this study was to determine accuracy of maxillary and mandibular deciduous and permanent molar teeth in sex determination in a sample of Egyptian children. Additionally, to estimate crown size of mandibular permanent first molar from mandibular deciduous second molar. A sample of 210 male and female children aged 6-12-years, in mixed dentition stage. Mesio-distal (MD) crown diameters of maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars and deciduous second molars were measured by a digital caliper. The mean MD crown diameter of both Rt maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars was significantly higher in males than females (10.29±.31 vs10.00±.60 and 11.01±.51 vs10.71±.60 respectively, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Rt and Lt mandibular deciduous second molars exhibited significantly larger mean MD diameter in males (9.94±.44 and 9.98±.42) than females (9.71±.46 and9.74±.46). Further, Simple linear regression revealed new equations for prediction of crown size of mandibular Rt permanent first molar from mandibular Rt deciduous second molar. Odontometric study of deciduous and permanent molar teeth showed poor accuracy in sex determination. They can be used in conjunction with other traits to establish gender accurately. Furthermore, this work presented new equations that will be helpful in estimating crown size of mandibular permanent first molar from mandibular deciduous second molar.