Tropical Rainforest Research Articles

Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern in Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest Based on Circuit Theory

Urban modernization and economic globalization have led to significant changes in traditional natural landscapes. The unregulated and large-scale expansion of rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna has resulted in water and scenic forests being replaced by rubber forests and the complex rainforest ecosystem being replaced by simple artificial forests. This has resulted in increasingly prominent ecological problems such as soil erosion, regional microclimate changes, and sharp declines in biodiversity. The ecological security pattern is an important way to protect regional ecological sustainability. Taking the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna as an example, this study identified ecological sources through the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem services, constructed resistance surfaces through ecological sensitivity evaluation, and used circuit theory to simulate ecological processes in heterogeneous landscapes by calculating “electricity” or “resistance”, thereby identifying ecological corridors and key ecological nodes. The results identified 31 ecological source areas, 65 key ecological corridors, 7 potential ecological corridors, 37 ecological pinch points, and 99 ecological barriers. The overall distribution of ecological sources was scattered, with higher density in the northwest and southeast regions. Ecological corridors were distributed along high mountains, and both ecological sources and corridors were mainly composed of forest land. Based on circuit theory, this study filled the gap in the MCR model’s inability to identify the true width of corridors due to ignoring the randomness of biological migration. It determined the spatial range of ecological corridors and the specific locations of ecological nodes and barriers, providing a reference for solving ecological problems in Xishuangbanna, such as “rainforest fragmentation”.

Laboratory and field measurements of water relations, photosynthetic parameters, and hydration traits in macrolichens in a tropical lower montane rainforest in Thailand.

Ecophysiological studies of lichens in tropical Asia are rare, and additional studies can increase the understanding of lichen life in this region. The main aim of this study was to observe the relationships between water availability and photosynthetic parameters, as well as hydration trait parameters, in macrolichens during the rainy and dry seasons in a tropical forest. A total of 11 lichen species growing in a lower montane rainforest in Thailand were collected and studied. The results clearly showed that the specific thallus mass (STM), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the potential quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content of almost all lichens were lower in the dry season than in the rainy season. Field measurements in the dry season revealed that only the foliose chlorolichen Parmotrema tinctorum was metabolically active and exhibited slight carbon assimilation. In the rainy season, all lichens started their photosynthesis in the early morning, reached maximal values, declined, and ceased when the thalli desiccated. The photosynthetically active period of the lichens was approximately 2-3h in the morning, and the activities of the cyanolichens ended approximately 30min after the chlorolichens. The hydration trait parameters, including the STM, maximal water content (WCmax), and water holding capacity (WHC), were greater in the cyanolichens. In addition, the maximal Pn (Pnmax) and optimal water content (WCopt) for Pn were also greater in the cyanolichens, but the maximal Fv/Fm (Fv/Fmmax) was lower. The cyanolichens compensated for their inability to use humid air to restore photosynthesis by having higher water content and storage, higher photosynthetic rates, and longer photosynthetically active periods. This study provides additional insights into lichen ecophysiology in tropical forests that can be useful for lichen conservation.

Residual water losses mediate the trade-off between growth and drought survival across saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with contrasting hydraulic strategies.

Knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underlying species vulnerability to drought is critical for better understanding patterns of tree mortality. Investigating plant adaptive strategies to drought should thus help to fill this knowledge gap, especially in tropical rainforests exhibiting high functional diversity. In a semi-controlled drought experiment using 12 rainforest tree species, we investigated the diversity in hydraulic strategies and whether they determined the ability of saplings to use stored non-structural carbohydrates during an extreme imposed drought. We further explored the importance of water- and carbon-use strategies in relation to drought survival through a modelling approach. Hydraulic strategies varied considerably across species with a continuum between dehydration tolerance and avoidance. During dehydration leading to hydraulic failure and irrespective of hydraulic strategies, species showed strong declines in whole-plant starch concentrations and maintenance, or even increases in soluble sugar concentrations, potentially favouring osmotic adjustments. Residual water losses mediated the trade-off between time to hydraulic failure and growth, indicating that dehydration avoidance is an effective drought-survival strategy linked to the 'fast-slow' continuum of plant performance at the sapling stage. Further investigations on residual water losses may be key to understanding the response of tropical rainforest tree communities to climate change.

Different profiles of soil phosphorous compounds depending on tree species and availability of soil phosphorus in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana

BackgroundThe availability of soil phosphorus (P) often limits the productivities of wet tropical lowland forests. Little is known, however, about the metabolomic profile of different chemical P compounds with potentially different uses and about the cycling of P and their variability across space under different tree species in highly diverse tropical rainforests.ResultsWe hypothesised that the different strategies of the competing tree species to retranslocate, mineralise, mobilise, and take up P from the soil would promote distinct soil 31P profiles. We tested this hypothesis by performing a metabolomic analysis of the soils in two rainforests in French Guiana using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We analysed 31P NMR chemical shifts in soil solutions of model P compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate mono- and diesters, phosphonates, and organic polyphosphates. The identity of the tree species (growing above the soil samples) explained > 53% of the total variance of the 31P NMR metabolomic profiles of the soils, suggesting species-specific ecological niches and/or species-specific interactions with the soil microbiome and soil trophic web structure and functionality determining the use and production of P compounds. Differences at regional and topographic levels also explained some part of the the total variance of the 31P NMR profiles, although less than the influence of the tree species. Multivariate analyses of soil 31P NMR metabolomics data indicated higher soil concentrations of P biomolecules involved in the active use of P (nucleic acids and molecules involved with energy and anabolism) in soils with lower concentrations of total soil P and higher concentrations of P-storing biomolecules in soils with higher concentrations of total P.ConclusionsThe results strongly suggest “niches” of soil P profiles associated with physical gradients, mostly topographic position, and with the specific distribution of species along this gradient, which is associated with species-specific strategies of soil P mineralisation, mobilisation, use, and uptake.

Identifying Areas of Invasion Risk and Changes in the Ecological Niche Occupied by the Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).

Insects of economic importance such as Leucoptera coffeella can cause high defoliation in plants and reduce crop yields. We aimed to identify changes in the ecological niche and potential zones of the invasion. Occurrence records were obtained from databases and bibliography. WorldClim V2.0 bioclimatic layers were used. For the modeling of the potential distribution, the kuenm R package was used by executing the Maxent algorithm. The potential distribution models suggested greatest environmental suitability extends from Europe, South Asia, and Central and South Africa, showing the "tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests" as the ecoregion that presents the greatest probability of the presence of L. coffeella. The potential distribution model projected in the invaded area agrees with the known distribution in the region (America), although the results show that it is occupying environmental spaces not present in the area of origin. This species presented a large proportion of the invaded niche that overlaps the native niche and is colonizing new environmental conditions in the invaded area relative to its native distribution (Africa). This information could be used in the planning of coffee crops on the American continent.

Bark thickness and related parameters of tree species along an elevation transect leading to treeline in Central Himalaya.

Since treelines are generally fire-free, the trees growing there are expected to have thin bark, unless adaptation to other factors than fire results in the selection of a thick bark. Related to this is also higher proportional investment in inner bark in such an environment of infrequent fire. This study has considered stem bark thickness both in absolute and relative terms and also in the frame of the composition of outer and inner bark components of 20 tree species along an elevation transect (2100-3300m) in high ranges of the Central Himalaya leading to treelines. The study species varied from 2.1 to 16.2mm for total bark thickness and from 1.2 to 18.85% for relative bark thickness. The average absolute total bark thickness across the tree species decreased with elevation from forest to treeline, both when trees of all diameters (10.2 ± 0.84mm for forest and 6.9 ± 1.79mm for treeline) and those of the same stem diameter range (18-20m) were compared (9.10 ± 1.30mm for forest species and 6.38 ± 1.31mm for treeline species). Nevertheless, the treeline bark thickness was similar to those of several forest communities considered to have comparatively thick bark. Like many other biological structures, bark carries out multiple functions; therefore, its thickness could be affected by more than one environmental factor. We suggest that the requirement of mechanical resistance to the snowfall, rainstorms, wind and adaptation to a high sunlight and UV radiations or storage of water, and non-structural carbohydrates could affect total, outer and inner bark thickness. Studies on these aspects in similar ecosystems may help understand the multi-functional attributes of the bark. For trees of comparable sizes (trees with 18-20cm diameter at breast height) treeline species also had lower relative bark thickness (< 6%) than trees of forest below it (> 7%). The median proportion of inner bark of the total bark (70.5%) for our 20 species was more than that for savannas (~ 50%), exposed to frequent fire regime and similar to those of in cool sclerophyllous forests and temperate rain forests where fire return time is > 100years. However, it was lower than the inner bark proportion reported for tropical rain forests. To conclude, in spite of a fire-free environment, the Himalayan treeline and adjoining forest species show mixed bark characters.

A transient shift in equatorial hydrology and vegetation during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2

The equatorial evergreen forests nourish the world's biodiversity hotspots and are considered the lungs of the Earth. However, their future survival is uncertain, due to anthropogenically increased carbon emissions and changes in the hydrological cycle. Understanding the changes in the hydrological cycle in the equatorial region due to an increase in carbon emission is of prime importance. The early Paleogene hyperthermal events are potential analogs to understand the consequences of high carbon emission on the hydrological cycle. In this communication, we quantify the terrestrial seasonal climate using the plant proxy and infer that during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was > 1000 ppmv near the palaeo-equator (∼0.6°N), the rainfall decreased significantly, leading to the expansion of deciduous forests. This study raises important questions about the future survival of equatorial rainforests and biodiversity hotspots under increased carbon emissions.

Integrated fire management in a tropical biosphere reserve: Achievements and challenges

Wildfires are among the most critical threats to tropical rainforests. In the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican state of Chiapas, vast rainforest areas suffered destruction by fires in 1998 and 2003. However, there have been no more widespread fires, and previously burnt areas have been recovering. The present study analyses the integrated fire management processes implemented in the reserve. It includes 19 expert interviews and a survey applied to 274 inhabitants of local communities. It argues that the successful prevention of further adverse wildfire events is related to a fire management approach, which emphasizes cultural and physical fire prevention and incorporates strong participation by local communities. The communities have established internal agreements to mitigate wildfire risk. Thus, the reserve might serve as an example of how integrated and cultural fire management can be applied in practice. However, these achievements face challenges, mainly due to budget cuts, changing governmental priorities, and the crisis of the rule of law in Mexico. An event that particularly impacted fire management practices in the area in recent years was the implementation of the federal government's Sembrando Vida (“Planting Life”) program. First, it led to deforestation and the provocation of wildfires but afterwards it seems to have induced the abandonment of agricultural burning by a considerable percentage of local farmers.

Root water uptake patterns are controlled by tree species interactions and soil water variability

Abstract. Root water uptake depends on soil moisture which is primarily fed by throughfall in forests. Several biotic and abiotic elements shape the spatial distribution of throughfall. It is well documented that throughfall patterns result in reoccurring higher and lower water inputs at certain locations. However, how the spatial distribution of throughfall affects root water uptake patterns remains unresolved. Therefore, we investigate root water uptake patterns by considering spatial patterns of throughfall and soil water in addition to soil and neighboring tree characteristics. In a beech-dominated mixed deciduous forest in a temperate climate, we conducted intensive throughfall sampling at locations paired with soil moisture sensors during the 2019 growing season. We employed a linear mixed-effects model to understand controlling factors in root water uptake patterns. Our results show that soil water patterns and interactions among neighboring trees are the most significant factors regulating root water uptake patterns. Temporally stable throughfall patterns did not influence root water uptake patterns. Similarly, soil properties were unimportant for spatial patterns of root water uptake. We found that wetter locations (rarely associated with throughfall hotspots) promoted greater root water uptake. Root water uptake in monitored soil layers also increased with neighborhood species richness. Ultimately our findings suggest that complementarity mechanisms within the forest stand, in addition to soil water variability and availability, govern root water uptake patterns.

Nitrogen fixation‐driven carbon sequestration: Brief communication

AbstractPrior to the commercial nitrogen fertilizer production in 1919, all the world's terrestrial and aquatic carbon was supported by nitrogen fixation. Annual N deposition to semi‐arid lands and temperate forests is less than 5 kg/ha‐year and 10 kg/ha, respectively. Plant and soil C/N ratios range from 9.9 to 29.8 and 9 to 14, respectively. In an equilibrium, sustainable ecosystem where N is not removed from soil pools and is only dependent on annual N inputs, maximum C sequestration rates are approximately 3.25 kg to 46 kg/ha for arid ecosystems and 23 to 101 kg/ha for forest ecosystems. Commercial N applications range from approximately 70 to 160 kg/ha‐year. Managed nitrogen fixation rates range from approximately 50 to 130 kg N/ha‐year. For each additional kg N‐entering forests, the additional C is approximately 13 kg. N‐fixing plants range from alder and lupines in the arctic, to Prosopis and Acacias in semi‐arid lands and the large trees Inga and Pentaclethra in tropical rainforests. If N‐fixing plants achieving 50 kg N/ha‐year were planted on the equivalent of a 447 km square, on six continents, the IEA target of 1.7Gt CO2 (0.72 Gt of carbon) capture capacity by 2030 https://www.ief.org/news/whats‐the‐target‐for‐carbon‐sequestration‐and‐how‐do‐we‐get‐there could be achieved.

Soil water percolation and nutrient fluxes as a function of topographical, seasonal and soil texture variation in Central Amazonia, Brazil

AbstractUnderstanding soil water dynamics and transport of nutrients is challenging in tropical rainforests due to the uniqueness of several properties related to soils, vegetation and seasonality that make relating patterns found in temperate environments to tropical sites difficult. We address the need for better edaphic characterization in tropical environments by investigating soil water percolation rates and chemistry across topographic, soil texture and seasonal gradients in a mature tropical rainforest in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We utilized a passive wick flux meter (e.g., drainage lysimeter) to directly measure real‐time percolation fluxes at 60‐cm depth, and to sample a suite of chemical species across plateau, slope and valley topographic positions. We found percolation flux volume and chemical exports generally increase with decreasing elevation and clay content, which was lowest in the valley. Daily percolation flux was observed to be 2.39 ± 0.44 in plateau, 3.01 ± 0.50 in slope and 6.16 ± 0.83 mm in valley. Most solutes were present in small amounts of &lt;1 mg L−1, such as PO₄3−, Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+; however, NO3− concentrations were &gt;20 mg L−1, even exceeding 100 mg L−1 in the valley. Based on additional isotopic analysis, we speculate high NO3− concentrations are partially an artefact of root decomposition following installation of the flux meters. The empirical relationships we show among percolation volume and nutrient exports under varying topographies and soil textures can improve Earth System Model performance by better constraining ecohydrological relationships to nutrient fluxes, which can in‐turn better illuminate the important factors that govern their behaviour.

The puzzling ecology of African Marantaceae forests.

Marantaceae forests are tropical rainforests characterized by a continuous understory layer of perennial giant herbs and a near absence of tree regeneration. Although widespread in West-Central Africa, Marantaceae forests have rarely been considered in the international literature. Yet, they pose key challenges and opportunities for theoretical ecology that transcend the borders of the continent. Specifically, we ask in this review whether open Marantaceae forests and dense closed-canopy forests can be considered as one of the few documented examples of alternative stable states in tropical forests. First, we introduce the different ecological factors that have been posited to drive Marantaceae forests (climate, soil, historical and recent anthropogenic pressures, herbivores) and develop the different hypotheses that have been suggested to explain how Marantaceae forests establish in relation with other vegetation types (understory invasion, early succession after disturbance, and intermediate successional stage). Then, we review the underlying ecological mechanisms that can explain the stability of Marantaceae forests in the long term (tree recruitment inhibition, promotion of and resilience to fire, adaptive reproduction, maintenance by megaherbivores). Although some uncertainties remain and call for further empirical and theoretical research, we found converging evidence that Marantaceae forests are associated with an ecological succession that has been deflected or arrested. If verified, Marantaceae forests may provide a useful model to understand critical transitions in forest ecosystems, which is of particular relevance to achieve sustainable forest management and mitigate global climate change.

2021–2022年广东南岭站日尺度气象数据集

The mountainous forest and biodiversity ecological functional area of the Nanling Mountain forest ecosystem is one of the 25 key ecological functional areas in China, covering a variety of forest vegetation types, including tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, coniferous broad-leaved evergreen mixed forest, and mountain top evergreen broad-leaved dwarf forest. The tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are the most typical vegetation type in the Nanling Mountains. Monitoring the meteorological elements in the community can help understand the response mechanism of the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the Nanling Mountains to climate change. Based on the Nanling Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation Research station ("Nanling Station" for short) in the Nanling Mountains, Guangdong, we carried out positioning research in Nanling National Nature Reserve. In this paper, we disclosed the raw data of 10 min average wind speed, precipitation, air temperature, air pressure, solar radiation (i.e. total radiation, reflected radiation, ultraviolet radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation) as well as relative humidity continuously collected in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area of the Nanling Station from 2021-2022 on a daily scale after data processing, quality control and evaluation. The dataset accessible to the public can serve as a valuable resource for further insights into the Nanling Mountain Forest Ecosystem, and provide foundation for efforts related to the restoration and protection of forest ecosystems.

Influence of Climatic Variables on the Stem Growth Rate in Trees of a Tropical Wet Forest

The growth of tropical wet forests has a significant relationship with the climate; aspects such as temperature and precipitation affect the species; however, few studies have characterized the stem growth rate of tropical tree species. This study’s objective was to characterize the effects of climatic variation on the interannual stem growth rate of eight species in tropical wet forest. Six trees per species were selected (n = 48 trees), and a dendrometer was installed to measure diametric growth bi-monthly between 2015 and 2018 (3 years), complemented with environmental measurements, to determine their growth equations from environmental variables and, finally, to define the relationship between the wood density and the stem growth rate. The results showed an average stem growth from 0.45 to 4.35 mm year−1, and 40 to 70% growth occurred in the months with the highest rainfall. Also, species with higher wood densities were found to have lower stem growth rates. Finally, the analysis of stem growth rate showed a significant relationship in all species between the variables of temperature and precipitation (R2 adj 0.88 to 0.96). Our results suggest that species with greater stem growth rates in wet tropical forests are more susceptible to climate changes, which may affect their dynamics in the face of potential drought scenarios and heat waves associated with climate change.

Effects of the conversion of natural tropical rainforest to monoculture rubber plantations on soil hydrological processes

Abstract Rubber plantations have increased significantly under unprecedented economic growth in tropical areas, which leads to soil degradation and thereby alters soil hydrological processes. However, our understanding of how forest conversion affects soil hydrological processes remains unclear. Here, we collected soil samples from secondary forests (SF) and rubber plantations (RP) to determine the soil hydrological characteristics. We found the topsoil (0–20 cm) water retention in SF was higher than that of RP but displayed the contrast pattern in a deeper soil layer (20–60 cm). Meanwhile, the soil infiltration rates among the two vegetation types decreased significantly with infiltration time, with higher stable soil infiltration rates in SF than those in RP. Moreover, soil properties were also impacted by the forest conversion, such as the topsoil capillary porosity (CP) and total porosity (TP) in SF were higher than those of RP but contrasted in a deep soil layer. In comparison, the topsoil bulk density (BD) in SF was lower than that of RP, but contrasted in the deep soil layer and reached a significant level in the 0–10 and 40–50 cm (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Overall, the soil water retention was mainly determined by the CP, which could explain 31.56% of the total variance in soil water retention, followed by TP (26.57%) and soil BD (26.47%), whereas soil texture exerts a weak effect on soil water retention. Therefore, we can conclude that the conversion of tropical rainforest into rubber plantations may accelerate soil erosion owing to its lower topsoil water retention and soil infiltration rates.

Agriculture-driven deforestation in Ecuador's Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve: The farmers' perspective

Tropical rainforests serve as invaluable global carbon stocks with long-term climate mitigation potential and important ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Recent scholarship has identified agriculture as the main driver of tropical rainforest deforestation worldwide, yet effective policy action needs to understand why farmers continue to clear land, beyond broad-brush attributions of blame. This study highlights the constellation of social forces that drive deforestation in a subsection of the Mache Chindul Ecological Reserve (REMACH) in northwest Ecuador. Rather than simply assuming that farmers are either indifferent to or ignorant of the effects of deforestation, we highlight the perspective of farmers themselves as they reflect on, both, their relationship with other key actors and the broader contextual factors informing their own land-use decisions. We surveyed 70 rural households using a 45-question data collection tool, conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders such as local conservation practitioners and community elders, employed participant observation and reviewed government documents.We find that colonist farmers who live in and around the REMACH clear land because they view doing so as their most reliable means of securing a livelihood for themselves and their children in a context of political and economic hardship and uncertainty. A history of government incentives to clear land, a deeply ambiguous land tenure system, and a sudden influx of externally-funded conservation NGOs to the region have all contributed to exclude farmers from the decision-making process, while simultaneously exacerbating the conditions that make deforestation farmers' most practical option—despite their awareness of its environmental impact. The data underscore that locals are, in fact, highly invested in the idea of conserving a healthy environment for future generations, but are nonetheless driven to act against this interest by their own precarity. By helping governmental and non-governmental conservation practitioners better understand farmers’ land-use decisions, the study reframes the latter group not as the problem, but as vital future partners.

Functional group diversity of soil macroarthropods in tropical rainforest areas of Bukit Pinang-Pinang Padang, Indonesia: implications for ecosystem balance

Functional group diversity of soil macroarthropods in tropical rainforest areas of Bukit Pinang-Pinang Padang, Indonesia: implications for ecosystem balance

Efficiency of live trapping protocols to assess small mammal diversity in tropical rainforests of Sri Lanka

Live trapping is used extensively for small mammal studies in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. The effectiveness of such studies is dependent on several factors. This paper attempts to investigate how one of these factors, namely the trapping intensity, affects the assessment of species richness and abundance of small mammals in rainforest ecosystems in southwest Sri Lanka. Eight-day live trapping surveys were conducted in seven selected forests yielding a total of 5600 trap days with a total of 186 individuals belonging to nine species being captured. It was evident that, using 100 traps with a trap density of 140 traps per ha, over 90% of the species recorded from each of the seven forests were captured within the initial four days of live trapping after which the rate of capture of new species sharply declined. The results also show that the more common species were captured sooner than the more rare ones. Considering these trends, a four-day trapping protocol could be recommended to broadly compare small mammal communities between forests or habitat types. The number of individuals captured, on the other hand, probably attracted by the bait, increased as trapping progressed; this very likely leads to overestimation of species abundance. Since such projects in developing countries are subject to budgetary constraints, costs incurred are also addressed.

Small Farm Holder Cropping Systems Influence Microbial Profiles in an Equatorial Rainforest Agroecosystem

The metabarcoding of prokaryotic and fungal (Ascomycota only) ribosomal DNA was used to describe the microbial communities in soils of a remnant equatorial rainforest, maize–bean intercrop, and sugarcane in western Kenya. Cropping systems influenced the microbial community composition and functional traits (energy source and nutrient cycling) of bulk soil in each crop. Microbial richness and diversity tended to increase with cultivation intensity. The soil of the maize–bean intercrop had lower percentages and sugarcane had higher percentages of unique amplicon sequence variants of both bacteria and fungi compared to the remnant forest. Functional traits were altered by cultivation intensity. Compared to remnant forest soils, maize–bean intercrop soil had lower percentages of aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria and higher percentages of N-cycling bacteria, while sugarcane had higher percentages of aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria and lower percentages of N-cycling bacteria. In the face of increasing forest loss and pressures for agricultural productivity, this landscape provides a rich site for studying the impacts of cropping systems on soil health.

Intelligent System AI as A Service Life on Land

Intelligent System - AI as a service” , is a project to predict the occurrence of forest fire.Forest fires pose a significant threat to both the environment and human safety. Timely prediction of forest fires is crucial for effective mitigation and prevention efforts. To enhance real-time monitoring and early warning capabilities, the system incorporates remote sensing data using machine learning techniques. Fires are now causing an additional 3 million hectares (7.5 million acres) of tree cover loss per year than they did in 2001, according to a newly released Global Forest Watch analysis that examined fires that burn all or most of a forest’s living overstory trees. The majority of all fire-caused tree cover loss in the past 20 years (nearly 70%) occurred in boreal regions. Although fires are naturally occurring there, they are now increasing at an annual rate of 3% and burning with greater frequency and severity and over larger areas than historically recorded. Forest fires pose significant threats to ecosystems, human lives, and property. Early prediction and mitigation of forest fires are crucial to reducing their destructive impact. This abstract presents an overview of a forest fire prediction system that leverages modern technology and data-driven approaches. The proposed forest fire prediction system utilizes a combination of remote sensing data, weather information, historical fire data, and machine learning algorithms to forecast the likelihood of forest fires in specific regions. Advanced techniques such as deep learning and ensemble models are employed to analyze the complex interactions between various environmental factors that contribute to fire ignition and spread. Fires are not naturally occurring in tropical rainforests, but in recent years, as deforestation and climate change have degraded and dried out intact forests, fires have been escaping into standing tropical rainforests. GFW findings suggest fires in the tropics have increased by roughly 5% per year since 2001.