Mixed Copper Research Articles

Mixed valent copper oxide nanocatalyst on Zeolite-Y for mechanochemical oxidation, reduction and C–C bond formation reaction

Copper oxide (CuO) nanocatalyst supported on zeolite-Y appeared as an excellent solid phase catalyst for promoting different oxidation, reduction, and C–C bond formation reactions. The ultrafine zeolite Y supported CuO nanocatalyst selectively produced different derivatives of benzimidazoles in absence of any acids. Selective catalytic oxidation of various benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes was achieved under solvent-free condition using benzimidazole as the proton abstracting source. Under similar condition reduction of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohols and the nitro-aldol condensation reaction was achieved within a very limited period through the grinding process. CuO–Y served as a suitable catalyst for the selective formation of aldehydes, alcohols, nitro-aldols, and derivatives of benzimidazole. One of the significant advantages of this technique was the non-requirement of any toxic acids, reducing agents like NaBH4, hydrazine hydride. All the reactions occurred with high yield and selectivity in absence of any solvent. Isopropanol was used as the internal reducing agent during aldehyde reduction eliminating toxic chemicals like NaBH4. More promisingly the catalyst was able to reduce selectively one aldehydic group in presence of the other such as terephthaldehyde. Some of the salient features of the process were the control oxidation of benzyl alcohol with H2O2 under mechanochemical condition, room temperature reduction of benzaldehyde without the formation of toluene. The change in the crystallite size of zeolite-Y was believed to play a crucial role in bringing high selectivity in the catalytic oxidation and reduction process.

Evaluating the reactivity of CuO-TiO2 oxygen carrier for energy production technology with CO2 capture

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes have been shown to be promising and effective in reducing CO2 production from the combustion of various fuels associated with the growing global demand for energy, as it promotes indirect fuel combustion through solid oxygen carriers (SOC). Thus, this study aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate mixed copper and titanium oxide as a solid oxygen carrier for use in combustion processes with chemical looping. The SOC was synthesized based on stoichiometric calculations by the polymeric precursor method and characterized by: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-FEG) with EDS, and Programmed Temperature Reduction (PTR). The oxygen carrying capacity (ROC) and the speed index of the reduction and oxidation cycles were evaluated by Thermogravimetric Reactivity (TGA). The main reactive phase identified was: The CuO phase for the mixed copper and titanium oxide were identified and confirmed by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement method. The reactivity of the CuO-TiO2 system was high, obtaining a CH4 conversion rate above 90% and a speed index of 40%/min. Due to the structural characteristics and the reactivity tests of this material, it is concluded that mixed copper and titanium oxide have the necessary requirements to be used in chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes.

DNA Binding and DNA Cleavage Activity of Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes of 2-(methylsulfanyl)-N-(1H-pyrrole-2-ylmethylidene) aniline

DNA binding and DNA cleavage characteristics of synthesized mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(HL)2Cl2](1), [Cu(HL)(bipy)Cl2](2), [Cu(HL) (phen)Cl2](3), [Cu(HL)2Br2](4), [Cu(HL) (bipy)Br2](5), [Cu(HL)(phen)Br2](6) (Where, L= 2- (methylsulfanyl)-N-(1H-pyrrole-2-ylmethylidene) aniline, bipy= 2,2’-Bipyridine, Phen= 1,10- Phenanthroline) have been investigated in detail. DNA binding properties of copper(II) complexes have been investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Results suggest that the copper (II) complexes were bound to DNA by an intercalation binding mode. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the synthesised compounds have been tested against the bacteria Escherichia Coli and the fungi Aspergillus niger by using disc agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against the growth of the above microorganism is much larger for mixed ligand copper(II) complexes. The cleavage activities of complexes (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) were carried out on double-stranded pUC19 DNA using gel electrophoresis. The complexes show better nuclease activity for mixed ligand copper(II) complexes.

Synthesis, structural, and DFT studies of mixed ligand copper(II) malonates

Synthesis, structural, and DFT studies of mixed ligand copper(II) malonates

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia in the neutral medium using Cu2O.CuO film immobilized on glassy carbon surface

Enhanced catalytic response towards ammonia oxidation was observed at Cu 2 O.CuO-GCE electrode. Ammonia undergoes 3 electron transfer reaction to produce N 2 as the end product. The first electron transfer was evaluated to be the rate determining step, therefore, the reaction intermediates (NH 2 ads , NH ads , N ads ) doesn’t control the rate of reaction. • Sustaining the stability of the electrode is the main challenge in electrochemical oxidation of NH 3. • We discuss the role of mixed Copper oxides (CuO-Cu 2 O) on Glassy Carbon electrode for NH 3 oxidation. • The modified electrode shows good catalytic stability with increasing NH 3 concentration. • Neutral medium is found to be most favorable for NH 3 oxidation at CuO-Cu 2 O-GCE electrode. Electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) was executed on the copper oxide layer, electrochemically deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The XPS analysis revealed that the oxide film contains 80% Cu(I) and 20% Cu(II) species. The EIS analysis suggests that the resultant surface can catalyze ammonia oxidation reactions efficiently. The as prepared GCE-Cu 2 O.CuO favored the neutral medium for executing AOR with a degradation rate of 3.76 × 10 −4 mol min −1 cm −2 . Kinetic investigation shows that ammonia oxidation involves a three electron transfer first-order reaction. Tafel analysis of current–potential polarization curves indicates that species such as NH 3 or NH ads and NH 2ads intermediates do not influence the reaction rate, which made the electrode unique for carrying out AOR. The formal potential value of AOR was evaluated to be ~0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl (sat.KCl) having standard rate constant ( k° ) of 5.52 × 10 −6 cm/s.

Hierarchically mesoporous mixed copper oxide/calcined layered double hydroxides composites for iodide high-efficiency elimination

The leakage of iodide (I−)-containing wastewater into environment could cause water pollution owing to the toxicity and radioactivity of iodine isotopes. Therefore, multifunctional adsorbents with high-efficiency removal toward iodide are in high demanded. In the present research, the hierarchically mesoporous mixed copper oxide anchored on calcined layered double hydroxide (Cu2O/CuO@CLDH) materials were synthesized by direct pyrolysis of Cu-BTC metal-organic framework @ layered double hydroxide (HKUST-1@LDH) under N2. Subsequently, the resultant materials were characterized and applied to remove iodide from simulated wastewater. The batch adsorption experiments showed a high I− adsorption amount of 120.9 ​mg/g with relatively fast kinetic removal process as well as good selectivity, and wide working pH range. The adsorption behavior, with spontaneity and exothermic, matched well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, which suggests a homogenous monolayer adsorption and chemisorption characteristics of the as-fabricated materials toward iodide. The outstanding adsorption performance of Cu2O/CuO@CLDH could be attributed to the reconstruction of the layered structures of CLDH and the strong chemical interaction between Cu2O and I−. This study proposes a promising material for iodide elimination.

Synthesis, crystal structure, computational study and anti-virus effect of mixed ligand copper (II) complex with ONS donor Schiff base and 1, 10-phenanthroline

This work deals with the synthesis, crystal structure, computational study and antiviral potential of mixed ligand copper(II) complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1), (where, H2L = (Z)-N’-((E)-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzylidene)-N,N-dimethylcarbamohydrazonothioic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The Schiff base ligand (H2L) is coordinated with Cu(II) ion in O, N, S-tridentate mode. The copper complex (1) crystallized in the monoclinic system of the space group P21/c with eight molecules in the unit cell and reveals a square pyramidal geometry. Furthermore, we also perform quantum chemical calculations to get insights into the structure-property relationship and functional properties of ligand (H2L) and its copper (II) complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1). Complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1) was also virtually designed in-silico evaluation by Swiss-ADME. Additionally, inspiring by recent developments to find a potential inhibitor for the COVID-19 virus, we have also performed molecular docking study of ligand and its copper complex (1) to see if our compounds shows an affinity for the main protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 spike protein (PDB ID: 7C8U). Interestingly, the results are found quite encouraging where the binding affinity and inhibition constant were found to be -7.14 kcal/mol and 5.82 μM for ligand (H2L) and -6.18 kcal/mol and 0.76 μM for complex [Cu(L)(phen)](1) with Mpro protein. This binding affinity is reasonably well as compared to recently known antiviral drugs. For instance, the binding affinity of ligand and complex was found to be better than docking results of chloroquine (-6.293 kcal/mol), hydroxychloroquine (-5.573 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.352 kcal/mol) with Mpro protein. The present study may offer the technological solutions and potential inhibition to the COVID-19 virus in the ongoing and future challenges of the global community.In the framework of synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand copper (II) complex; the major conclusions can be drawn as follow:

Synthesis and structure of a mixed ligand copper(II) compound based on a distorted {CuN2O3} square pyramid

The synthesis, spectra, thermal study and crystal structure of a mixed ligand copper(II) compound viz. [Cu(biq)(acac)(NO 3 )] 1 (biq = 2,2′-biquinoline, acac = acetylacetonate) are reported. The {CuN 2 O 3 } coordination sphere is made up of two oxygen atoms of an unique acac ligand, an oxygen of the nitrate group and one N atom of biq ligand which form the basal plane {CuNO 3 } of a square pyramid. A second nitrogen atom of the biq ligand occupies the apical position resulting in a distorted square pyramidal {CuN 2 O 3 } polyhedron. In the crystal structure, each neutral square pyramidal copper(II) species is linked with two symmetry related molecules with the aid of intermolecular C-H×××O hydrogen bonding interactions. A study of fifteen mixed ligand copper(II) acetylacetonates reveals that in this series of compounds, 1 exhibits maximum deviation of the {CuN 2 O 3 } polyhedron from square pyramidal towards trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Mixed copper(II)–cysteine–SDS–DTAB as multi-oxidative vesicular nanozyme

Mixed copper(II)–cysteine–SDS–DTAB as multi-oxidative vesicular nanozyme

CuCeOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for low temperature dimethyl ether partial oxidation to hydrogen-rich gas

Low temperature dimethyl ether partial oxidation (DME PO) to hydrogen-rich gas was studied over Cu-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst demonstrated stable operation under atmospheric pressure, T = 350 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV = 20000 h−1) using reaction mixture (vol. %) CH3OCH3:O2:N2 = 16.7:16.7:66.6 (that corresponds to molar ratio DME:air = 1:5). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis techniques were used for catalyst characterization. It was shown that the surface of the CuCeOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst held copper-containing species of two types, namely, compact agglomerates of the CuO-CeO2 mixed oxides (up to ~100 nm in size) and copper nanoparticles (<5 nm).

Current status in the copper ore processing (review)

The article provides the analysis of process flows used for sulfide and oxidized copper ore treatment, reagent schemes, process equipment, indicators of flotation concentration at a number of domestic and foreign concentrating mills and plants. Autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding mills are widely used at the ore preparatory processing at the first stage of grinding to eliminate medium and fine crushing stages. An alternative is the use of high pressure grinding rolls that can reduce electricity consumption as compared to autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding. There is an increase in the use of large-volume and high-performance ore-preparation and flotation equipment for maintaining the quality and quantity of the product. In addition to ball mills, fine and ultrafine regrinding mills of various configurations are widely used at the stage of rougher flotation concentrate regrinding. The analysis of flotation reagents used to improve separation process efficiency was conducted with domestic and foreign approaches to flotation reagent selection shown. It is noted that foreign concentrating mills often use a combination of main and additional collectors. The paper provides the data on flotation reagents used in the copper sulfide and oxidized ore concentration, and their consumption. A combined diagram of flotation-hydrometallurgical processing of mixed copper ore from the Udokan deposit is considered. Conclusions are drawn about current trends in the processing of copper ores including the choice of equipment.

Efficacious Alkaline Copper Corrosion Inhibition by a Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex of 2,2′‐Bipyridine and Glycine: Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies

AbstractA mixed ligand copper(II) complex, namely, [Cu(BPy)(Gly)Cl]⋅2H2O (CuC) (BPy=2,2′‐bipyridine and Gly=glycine), was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized CuC complex was tested as inhibitor to effectively mitigate the corrosion of copper in alkaline solutions using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. For the sake of comparison, such two D.C. electrochemical techniques were also applied to the Cu/OH− interface in the presence of the two studied free ligands, namely, BPy and Gly. The results showed that the three studied compounds acted as mixed‐type inhibitors, with CuC being the most efficacious one. The adsorption of the inhibitor is confirmed from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) profiles by the appearance of organic chlorine as well as pyridine and amine nitrogen bonds. Based on XPS data, it was presumed that the corrosion inhibitor stimulates the formation of Cu2CO3(OH)2 species at the electrode surface since, in the case of a corroded reference sample (in absence of inhibitors), its proportion is trivial. The reactivity of the isolated inhibitors was analyzed by computing several quantum chemical parameters based on the density functional theory (DFT). A good correlation was found between these parameters and the anticorrosive performance. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulation studies were applied to find the best configurational space of ligands and their complex on the Cu(111) surface.

Effects of Fe+2 and Fe+3 in Pretreatment and Leaching on a Mixed Copper Ore in Chloride Media

A study of the pretreatment stage and subsequent leaching of a mixed copper ore with different chloride solutions containing iron was carried out. The first stage considered pretreatment tests to decide the best conditions. Two levels of each factor were analyzed, 20 and 50 kg/t of NaCl, 17 and 25 kg/t of H2SO4, 0 and 25 kg/t of Fe2(SO4)3·9.2H2O, 0 and 25 kg/t of Fe2SO4·7H2O, and a curing time of 15 and 30 days. The results showed a significant effect of NaCl and curing time on the extraction, and less effect was found with the variation of acid and iron salts. The second stage included column leaching using a solution with 0.5 g/L of Cu+2, 80 g/L of Cl−, 10 g/L of H2SO4, and variable concentrations of ferric and ferrous ions (0 and 2 g/L). The best copper extraction of 80.2% was found considering a pretreatment of 30 days, 25 kg/t of H2SO4, 50 kg/t of NaCl, and a leaching solution concentration described previously with 2 g/L of Fe+2. The results showed the leaching of all copper oxide species and 20% of the copper sulfide species. In addition, there was a reduction in the acid consumption as the resting time increases. Furthermore, to evaluate a possible decrease in time and acid in pretreatment and chloride in leaching, tests including 10 and 25 kg/t of H2SO4 and 1, 15, and 30 days of curing and a diminution of the NaCl concentration to 20 g/L (content from seawater) were executed. The results showed a significant effect on curing time below 15 days. Furthermore, the slight influence of the decrease of acid on copper extraction gives cost reduction opportunities. The diminution of chloride concentration (80 to 20 g/L) in leaching solution decreases the extraction from 79% to 66.5%. Finally, the Mellado leaching kinetic model was successfully implemented.

Wall-driven nanofluid flow in a tilted channel packed with a nonlinearly varying porous media considering Hall effect: second law analysis

The main objective of the present article is to conduct an entropy generation analysis on a wall-driven mixed convection copper–water nanofluid flow in an inclined channel filled with a porous medium while considering Hall effect. The permeability of the porous medium is assumed to vary exponentially across the width of the channel, while viscous dissipation and convectively heated walls are also taken into account for the flow. Various comparisons for a special case of the current model with existing literature are done, and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. Role of pertinent flow parameters on entropy generation, Bejan number, Nusselt number and skin friction are explained via plots. Movement of walls along the direction of fluid flow is prominent in generating the least amount of entropy in the system. Hall parameter has a no effect on entropy generation and skin friction. The novelty of the present investigation lies in the fact that the moving walls of the channel have been considered simultaneously with the variable permeability of the porous medium.

An Investigation into Pre-concentration of Low-Grade Silica-Rich Malanjkhand Copper Ore by Wilfley Table

Pre-concentration stages are generally employed to process base and precious metals where the feed grades are inferior. The pre-concentration could remove major gangue minerals and enrich the desired metal content. Further, it improves the efficiency of subsequent concentration stages. In the present investigation, pre-concentration studies were carried out on the mixed copper ore from Malanjkhand, India, containing 0.48% Cu and 74.12% SiO2 contents. Mineralogical characterization revealed that chalcopyrite is the major copper contributing mineral along with a minor amount of malachite. The major gangue minerals present in the ore are quartz, feldspar and mica. Liberation studies of the feed material indicate that around 75% of gangue minerals (mainly quartz) are liberated at 150 µm. Pre-concentration studies were carried out using a Wilfley shaking table, wherein deck angle and wash water rate were varied to achieve the maximum recovery and grade. Optimum results were achieved at a wash water rate of 3.5 lpm and deck angle of 4.9°, wherein the silica rejection and separation efficiency of 52.19% and 53.68% were achieved. The final product assays 2.79% Cu grade and 66.32% copper recovery. The investigation results indicate that the shaking table could be used to pre-concentrate Malanjkhand copper ore.

Scalable Mechanochemical Amorphization of Bimetallic Cu−Zn MOF-74 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Reduction Reaction to Methanol

Selective catalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol has tremendous importance in the chemical industry. It mitigates two critical issues in the modern society, the overwhelming climate change and the dependence on fossil fuels. The most used catalysts are currently based on mixed copper and zinc phases, where the high surface of active copper species is a critical factor for the catalyst performance. Motivated by the recent breakthrough in the controllable synthesis of bimetallic MOF-74 materials by ball milling, we targeted to study the potential of ZnCu-MOF-74 for catalytic CO2 reduction. Here, we tested whether the nanosized channels decorated with readily accessible and homogeneously distributed Zn and Cu metal sites would be advantageous for the catalytic CO2 reduction. Unlike the inactive monometallic Cu-MOF-74, ZnCu-MOF-74 shows moderate catalytic activity and selectivity for the methanol synthesis. Interestingly, the postsynthetic mechanochemical treatment of desolvated ZnCu-MOF-74 resulted in amorphization and a significant increase in both the activity and selectivity of the catalyst despite the destruction of the well-ordered and porous MOF-74 architecture. The results emphasize the importance of defects for the MOF catalytic activity and the potential of amorphous MOFs to be considered as heterogeneous catalysts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and 13C magic angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) were applied to establish quantitative structure-reactivity relationships. The apparent activation energy of rate reaction kinetics has indicated different pathway mechanisms, primarily through reverse water-gas shift (RWGS). Prolonged time on stream productivity, stability and deactivation were assessed, analysing the robustness or degradation of metal-organic framework nanomaterials. Scalable MOF production processes are making the latter more appealing within emerging industrial decarbonisation, in particular for carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) or hydrogen carrier storage. Acknowledging scale, the costs of fabrication are paramount.

Magneto-structural correlations of cyclo-tetravanadates functionalized with mixed-ligand copper(ii) complexes

Bimetallic materials based on tetravanadate anions and mixed ligand copper(ii) complexes were readily synthesized under non-hydrothermal conditions. The compounds show interesting structural and magnetic diversity mediated by copper symmetry.

Оптимизация технологии переработки медных руд Удоканского месторождения

The composition of the mineral raw materials of the Udokan copper deposit has been studied. It is established that the copper minerals antlerite and brochantite are represented both in the form of ordinary and crystal hydrate forms, the properties of which are reflected in the flotation process. Studies were carried out on sulfide, mixed and oxidized samples of ores from the Udokan deposit. A unified flotation scheme for processing such ores with the production of sulfide and mixed copper concentrate with subsequent hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods is recommended. The objects of research are sulfide, mixed and oxidized copper ores of the Udokan deposit. The subject of the study is the technology of processing copper ores. Research objectives: – study of the mineral, material, and chemical composition of copper ores of the Udokan deposit; – study of existing technologies for processing copper ores; – conducting laboratory experiments on sulfide, mixed and oxidized ore samples of the Udokan deposit; – recommendation of a unified enrichment scheme for all types of copper ores of the Udokan deposit. Research methods. The work was carried out on the basis of studying the available sources on the occurrence, composition and structure of copper ores of the Udokan deposit, methods of their processing. In the course of laboratory studies, a flotation method of mineral enrichment was used with the use of operations to stabilize the energy state of the dispersed system (with Eh control) and subsequent electrochemical treatment of the pulp. The authors emphasize that the recommended scheme for processing copper ores from the Udokan deposit will optimize the processing technology and increase the efficiency of mining this deposit. Hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods are the most optimal for processing the obtained sulfide and mixed concentrates

Synthesis, characterization, biological (in vitro) activity and electrochemical studies of mixed-ligand copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes with picolinic acid and imides

• Synthesis of mixed ligand copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes with imides and picolinic acid. • Characterized by FT-IR, UV–visible spectroscopy. • Electrochemical behavior of mixed-ligand copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes (1–4) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). • Biological activity of mixed-ligand copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes (1–4). Mixed ligand copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes viz; [Cu(6-pic) 2 (succinimie) 2 ] 1; [Cu(6-pic) 2 (phthalimide) 2 ] 2; [Co(6-pic) 2 (succinimide) 2 ] 3; [Co(6-pic) 2 (phthalimide) 2 ] 4 have been synthesized with picolinic acid (6-picolinic acid) and imides (imides = succinimide and phthalimide), used as primary and secondary ligands respectively. All these mixed-ligand complexes (1–4) were characterized by elemental analysis (C H N), molar conductance, room temperature magnetic susceptibility, FT-IR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical study of all these complexes were performed in aqueous medium, containing 0.2 M NaClO 4 as supporting electrolyte at glassy carbon working electrode (GCE) vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode by using cyclic voltammetric (CV). The complexes 1, 2 and 3, 4 were exhibited Cu 2+/+ and Co 3+/2+ / Co +/2+ diffusion controlled quasi-reversible single electron transfer redox couples. The cobalt (II) complexes 3 and 4 are biologically (in vitro) more active compare to copper (II) complexes 1 and 2 against microorganisms with antibacterial and antifungal drugs.

A Combined Pyro- and Hydrometallurgical Approach to Recycle Pyrolyzed Lithium-Ion Battery Black Mass Part 2: Lithium Recovery from Li Enriched Slag—Thermodynamic Study, Kinetic Study, and Dry Digestion

Due to the increasing demand for battery raw materials, such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium, the extraction of these metals, not only from primary, but also from secondary sources, is becoming increasingly important. Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represent a potential source of raw materials. One possible approach for an optimized recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs is a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. The generation of mixed cobalt, nickel, and copper alloy and lithium slag as intermediate products in an electric arc furnace is investigated in part 1. Hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium from the Li slag is investigated in part 2 of this article. Kinetic study has shown that the leaching of slag in H2SO4 takes place according to the 3-dimensional diffusion model and the activation energy is 22–24 kJ/mol. Leaching of the silicon from slag is causing formation of gels, which complicates filtration and further recovery of lithium from solutions. The thermodynamic study presented in the work describes the reasons for the formation of gels and the possibilities of their prevention by SiO2 precipitation. Based on these findings, the Li slag was treated by the dry digestion (DD) method followed by dissolution in water. The silicon leaching efficiency was significantly reduced from 50% in the direct leaching experiment to 5% in the DD experiment followed by dissolution, while the high leaching efficiency of lithium was maintained. The study takes into account the preparation of solutions for the future trouble-free acquisition of marketable products from solutions.