Mixed Ammonium Research Articles

Preparation of g-C3N4 from mixed ammonium salts containing NH4SCN and characterization of its cobalt-modified photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde

This paper aims to achieve high-quality utilization of desulfurization waste liquid mixed salt. CN-MIX was prepared through pyrolysis of a mixture containing ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium thiosulfate, and ammonium sulfate. Additionally, CN-MIX/Co-a was produced via an impregnation-pyrolysis method with cobalt modification. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated using the formaldehyde degradation rate as an index, and their stability was tested. The results indicate that the specific surface area and pore volume of CN-MIX/Co-a increase by 1.53-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared to CN prepared from single salt. The cobalt loading inhibits the thermal polymerization of CN-MIX, leading to a reduction in the intensity of the (002) crystal diffraction peaks. Additionally, CN-MIX/Co-a exhibits an increase in the CN peak at 2000–2200 cm−1, generating more photocatalytic active sites. The absorption sideband in the visible range red-shifts from 429 nm to 458 nm, broadening the photoresponse range. The emission peak in the photoluminescence (PL) diagram decreases, reducing the photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate. The photocatalyst demonstrates enhanced photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde gas, with the degradation rate of CN-MIX/Co-a increasing from 13.28 % to 99.2 %. Furthermore, after eight cycles of use, the degradation efficiency of CN-MIX/Co-a for formaldehyde remains above 90 %, indicating high stability.

Comparative study of mixed ammonium fluoride complex-derived single metal hydroxides based on cobalt and nickel for energy storage applications

Zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF67) have been intensively applied as efficient active materials for energy storage. Structure directing agents (SDA) play important roles on morphology and electrochemical performance of active materials. Incorporating SDA in synthesis is expected to confine growth of ZIF67 derivatives and create efficient active materials. Ammonium fluoride (NH4F) has been widely applied as an effective SDA for synthesizing active materials in electrochemical systems. Inspired by the confiner of NH4+ and the conductive agent of F−, two novel SDA of ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF2) and ammonia borane fluoride (NH4BF4) are introduced to synthesize Ni-based or Co-based ZIF67 derivatives via a one-step solution process at room temperature. Substituting 2-methylimidazole with HF2− and BF4− improves conductivity of ZIF67. Effects of NH4HF2 to NH4BF4 ratio for synthesizing ZIF67 derivatives are investigated. The main compositions of ZIF67 derivatives are cobalt and nickel hydroxides. The largest specific capacitance (CF) of 1112.4 F/g is attained for the optimized Ni-based ZIF67 derivative (NiHB) at 20 mV/s. An asymmetric supercapacitor with the NiHB and activated carbon electrodes shows a maximum energy density of 32 Wh/kg at the power density of 750 W/kg, and the CF retention of 70% and Coulombic efficiency of 90.6% after 10,000 cycles.

Enhancing the Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Mixed Ammonium Ligands Passivation Strategy.

The perovskite solar cell (PSC), which has achieved efficiencies of more than 26%, is expected to be a promising technology that can alternate silicon-based solar cells. However, the performance of PSCs is still limited due to defects and ion migration that occur at the large number of grain boundaries present in perovskite thin films. In this study, the mixed ammonium ligands passivation strategy (MAPS) is demonstrated, which combines n-octylammonium iodide (OAI) and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) can effectively suppress the grain boundary defects and ion migration through grain boundaries by the synergistic effect of OAI and DAP, resulting in improved efficiency and stability of PSCs. It has also been revealed that MAPS not only enhances crystallinity and reduces grain boundaries but also improves charge transport while suppressing charge recombination. The MAPS-based opaque PSC shows the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.29% with improved open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and fill factor (FF), and retained 84% of its initial PCE after 1900h at 65°C in N2 atmosphere. Amazingly, the MAPS-based semi-transparent PSC (STP-PSC) retained 94% of their maximum power (21.00% at around 10% AVT) after 1000h under 1 sun illumination and MAPS-based perovskite submodule (PSM) achieved a PCE of 19.59%, which is among the highest values reported recently.

In Situ Surface Tension Measurement of Deliquesced Aerosol Particles.

The surface tension of aerosol particles can potentially affect cloud droplet activation. Hence, direct measurement of the surface tensions of deliquesced aerosol particles is essential but is challenging. Here, we report in situ surface tension measurements based on a novel method that couples a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (EDB) with quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS). The EDB-QELS is validated using surface tension measurements of atmospherically relevant inorganic and organic droplets. The surface tension results reasonably agree with the reference values in the range of ∼50-90 mN m-1. We find a significant size dependence for sodium chloride droplets containing surface-active species (sodium dodecyl sulfate) in the size range of ∼5-18 μm. The surface tension increases from ∼55 to 80 mN m-1 with decreased size. Relative humidity (RH)-dependent surface tensions of mixed ammonium sulfate (AS) and polyethylene glycol droplets reveal the onset of liquid-liquid phase separation. Droplets containing water-soluble matter extracted from ambient aerosol samples and 2.3-2.9 M AS exhibit a ∼30% reduction in surface tension in the presence of ∼50 mmol-C L-1 water-soluble organic carbon, compared to pure water (∼72 mN m-1). The approach can offer size-resolved and RH-dependent surface tension measurements of deliquesced aerosol particles.

Leaf cytokinin accumulation promotes potato growth in mixed nitrogen supply by coordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism

The source and sink balance determines crop growth, which is largely modulated by nitrogen (N) supplies. The use of mixed ammonium and nitrate as N supply can improve plant growth, however mechanisms involving the coordination of carbon and N metabolism are not well understood. Here, we investigated potato plants responding to N forms and confirmed that, compared with sole nitrate supply, mixed N (75 %/25 % nitrate/ammonium) enhanced leaf area, photosynthetic activity and N metabolism and accordingly resulted in outgrowth of stolons and shoot axillary buds. Cytokinin transportation in xylem sap and local cytokinin synthesis in leaves were up-regulated in mixed-N-treated potato plants relative to sole nitrate provision; and exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine in addition to sole nitrate restored leaf area, photosynthetic capacity and N content in leaves to the similar as those under mixed-N treatment. Partial defoliation, an effective method to enhance the sink strength, induced more cytokinin content in leaflets under two treatments relative to their respective controls and ultimately resulted in larger photosynthesis capacity and leaf area. These results suggest that mixed-N-enhanced plant growth through the coordination of carbon and N metabolism largely depends on the signal molecule cytokinin modulated by N supplies.

Hygroscopicity of internally mixed ammonium sulfate and secondary organic aerosol particles formed at low and high relative humidity

Aged atmospheric volatile organic matter create secondary organic aerosols (SOA), influencing the indirect effect of aerosols. A difference in viscosity and hydrophobicity of SOA may be the primary cause of changes in hygroscopicity.

Growth and proximate composition of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on green bocaiuva pulp substrates with different nitrogen sources

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and the proximate composition of the mycelium-based bocaiuva pulp with the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on green bocaiuva flour added with different sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate and sulfate ammonia). Growth was monitored by kinectics. At the end, the proximate composition of the best three treatments (dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and water, T1; dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate, T3; and green bocaiuva pulp/wheat bran and ammonium nitrate, T7) was determined. Ammonium nitrate was the nitrogen source that showed the greatest growth in both substrates (T3:8.33 cm and T7:7.67 cm) in relation to the other treatments (4.67 to 7.17 cm), with emphasis on the green bocaiuva pulp. The substrate with green bocaiuva pulp and water was the one that showed the highest growth (7.50 cm), which was close to the treatment with mixed substrate and ammonium nitrate (7.67 cm). The treatment with the green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate (T3) was highlighted due to its significant increase in proteins (9.42 g 100 g-1) and fibers (5.21 g 100 g-1), and decrease in carbohydrates (9.52 g 100 g-1), in comparison to the other treatments T7 (8.94, 2.16, and 5.99 g 100 g-1, respectively) and T1 (2.78, 4.33, and 2.28 g 100 g-1, respectively). The product obtained from the growth of P. ostreatus in green bocaiuva pulp presents promising perspectives to be utilized as raw material for the development of new food products with added nutritional value.

Synthesis of yttria nanopowder with poly acrylic acid as dispersant for highly transparent yttria ceramics

AbstractHighly pure and well‐dispersed yttria nanocrystalline powders were synthesized with a modified coprecipitation method that uses mixed ammonium hydroxide‐carbonate solution as the precipitant and poly acrylic acid (PAA) as the dispersant. Comparing with the yttria powders synthesized using the same route but without PAA dispersant, the PAA‐assisted powders exhibit lower level of agglomeration and better sinterability. Sintering trajectories of the powders with and without PAA dispersant were investigated. Y2O3 ceramics sintered with the PAA‐assisted powders exhibited smaller grain size, homogeneous microstructure, and higher in‐line optical transmittance. The result suggests that the polymer‐assisted coprecipitation could be used to synthesize yttria nanopowders for fabricating high optical quality transparent ceramics.

Оценка экотоксичности продуктов взрыва промышленных взрывчатых веществ

The statistics is presented in the article concerning the industrial explosives consumption in the world and in the Russian Federation, based on which it is possible to estimate the scale of emission of toxic gaseous explosion products into the environment. The mechanism of formation of gaseous explosion products depending on the oxygen balance of the mixed ammonium nitrate explosive is briefly outlined. In the methodological part of the work, an overview is made related to some computational methods for determining the qualitative and quantitative compositions of gaseous explosion products of industrial explosives based on ammonium nitrate. The main regularities of the influence of physical and physicochemical factors surrounding the charge of an industrial explosive on the formation of toxic gaseous explosion products are described. Computational part of the work is a description of the calculation parameters and the used software packages Shock and Detonation and Real, and the tabulated results of the calculations in comparison with the experimental data obtained from the literature sources. When discussing the results, it is shown that using theoretical calculation methods, only an approximate estimate (with an error of more than 32 %) of the qualitative and quantitative compositions of gaseous explosion products is possible. Doubt is expressed about the conversion coefficient of the concentration of nitrogen oxides to the conditional carbon monoxide-6.5, which is adopted for use in the calculations without substantiating the reasons. It is concluded that only computational methods for determining the composition of gaseous explosion products are available, the results of which are far from reality, and experimental methods are only partially close to the real conditions, respectively, it is required to develop new computational methods. It is noted that the prospect for the development of this topic is the creation of a new computational software package based on the experimental data.

Control of the quality and homogeneity of halide perovskites by mixed-chloride additives upon the film formation process

The roles of mixed ammonium chloride and potassium chloride additives on the growth of Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 perovskite film are investigated along with the surface treatment by an n-propylammonium iodide solution which produces an interfacial buffer layer.

Response of Isovalerate-Degrading Methanogenic Microbial Community to Inhibitors.

Isovalerate is one of the key intermediates during anaerobic digestion treating protein-containing waste/wastewater. Investigating the effect of different kinds of inhibitors on isovalerate-degrading microbial community is necessary to develop measures for improving the effectiveness of the treatment plants. In the present study, dynamic changes in the isovalerate-degrading microbial community in presence of inhibitors (ammonium, sulfide, mixed ammonium and sulfide, and chlortetracycline (CTC)) were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Our observations showed that the isovalerate-degrading microbial community responded differently to different inhibitors and that the isovalerate degradation and gas production were strongly repressed by each inhibitor. We found that sulfide inhibited both isovalerate oxidation followed by methanogenesis, while ammonium, mixed ammonium and sulfide, and CTC mainly inhibited isovalerate oxidation. Genera classified into Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were less sensitive to inhibitors. The two dominant genera, which are potential syntrophic isovalerate oxidizers, exhibited different responses to inhibitors that the unclassified_Peptococcaceae_3 was more sensitive to inhibitors than the unclassified_Syntrophaceae. Upon comparison to acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta, hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanoculleus and Methanobacterium were less sensitive to inhibitors.

Hygroscopic behavior and fractional crystallization of mixed (NH4)2SO4/glutaric acid aerosols by vacuum FTIR.

The hygroscopicity and phase transition of the mixed aerosol particles are significantly dependent upon relative humidity (RH) and interactions between particle components. Although the efflorescence behavior of particles has been studied widely, the crystallization behavior of each component in the particles is still poorly understood. Here, we study the hygroscopicity and crystallization behaviors of internally mixed ammonium sulfate (AS)/glutaric acid (GA) aerosols by a vacuum FTIR spectrometer coupled with a RH-controlling system. The mixed AS/GA aerosols in two different RH control processes (equilibrium and RH pulsed processes) show the fractional crystallization upon dehydration with AS crystallizing prior to GA in mixed particles with varying organic to inorganic molar ratios (OIRs). The initial efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) of AS decreased from ~43% for pure AS particles to ~41%, ~36% and ~34% for mixed AS/GA particles with OIRs of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. Compared to the ERH of 35% for pure GA, the initial ERHs of GA in mixed AS/GA particles were determined to be 31%, 30% and 28% for OIRs of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, indicating that the presence of AS decreased the crystallization RH of GA instead of inducing the heterogeneous nucleation of GA. When the AS fractions first crystallized at around 36% RH in the 1:1 mixed particles, GA remained noncrystalline until 30% RH. For the first time, the crystallization ratios of AS and GA are obtained for the internally mixed particles during the rapid downward RH pulsed process. The crystallization ratio of AS can reach around 100% at around 24% RH for both pure AS and the 1:1 mixed particles, consistent with the equilibrium RH process. It is clear that the RH downward rate did not influence efflorescence behavior of AS in pure AS and AS in mixed particles. In contrast, the crystallization ratio of GA can reach about 90% at 15.4% RH for pure GA particles in excellent agreement with the equilibrium RH process, whereas it is only up to 50% at 16.0% RH in the 1:1 mixed particles during the rapid downward pulsed process lower than that of the equilibrium RH process. Our results reveal that the rapid RH downward rate could inhibit the efflorescence of GA in the mixed droplets.

Variable temperature X-ray diffraction and high field EPR study of phase transition in multiferroic mixed ammonium peroxychromates, Rb1.36 (NH4)1.64Cr(O2)4

Two cation sites in a unit cell with varying cation (NH4+) symmetry are rare, and Rb1.36(NH4)1.64Cr(O2)4 is one such compound with distinct cation sites. We report a systematic X-ray diffraction study using both single crystals and powder samples of Rb1.36(NH4)1.64Cr(O2)4, changes in the lattice parameters and symmetry as a function of temperature at a wide range (10–300 K). Pseudo octahedral NH4+ ions at cation sites, N2, are involved in NH⋯O hydrogen bond to yield a continuous second order phase transition in Rb1.36(NH4)1.64Cr(O2)4 in contrast to a first order step like irregular pattern in its parent compound (NH4)3Cr(O2)4. High field EPR studies of Cr5+ at a temperature range 10–300 K revealed a distortion in Cr(O2)4 groups in the plane (001) suggesting strong NH⋯O hydrogen bonding between (NH4) ions and Cr (O2)4 groups.

Energy-efficient mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag with high value-added products

Abstract Large quantities of CO2 and blast furnace (BF) slag are discharged in the iron and steel industry. Mineral carbonation of blast furnace slag can offer substantial CO2 emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of the solid waste. An energy- and cost-efficient mineral carbonation technology combined with NH3 capturing CO2 and simultaneous power generation is presented in this article. In this process, blast furnace slag was leached with recyclable ammonium bisulphate (ABS) to extract Ca, Mg and Al. Gaseous ammonia, which is produced during ammonium sulphate (AS) roasting for ABS regeneration, was used to capture CO2 in flue gases using a CO2 mineralization cell (CMC) to simultaneously generate NH4HCO3 and electricity. The extracted CaSO4 and MgSO4 reacted with an NH4HCO3/NH3 solution to realize stable CO2 sequestration while the extracted Al was recovered in the form of aluminium ammonium sulphate, which is a high value-added product. The process parameters and efficiency of the leaching, mineralization and Al recovery were investigated in detail in the present study. The results showed that approximately 91% of Mg and 97% of Ca in the BF slag were converted into corresponding carbonates and 76% of aluminium was recovered in the form of NH4Al(SO4)212H2O with a purity of 99.6 wt.%. 3802 kg of blast furnace slag was required for sequestration of 1000 kg CO2. A preliminary energy analysis indicated that although the present process was somewhat energy intensive without a net reduction of CO2 emission, an improved process, which combined the NH3 capturing CO2 and simultaneous generating of electrical energy with a mixed ammonium sulphate (AS)+ blast furnace (BF) slag roasting instead of the separated ammonium sulphate roasting and ammonium bisulphate aqueous leaching of the blast furnace slag, was energy-efficient with a 567 kg net reduction of CO2 emission during the sequestration of 1000 kg of CO2. An economic analysis of the process demonstrated that the sales revenue of the primary products after deducting the cost of raw materials reached up to $427 for sequestration of 1000 kg of CO2.

PENGENDALIAN GULMA UMUM DENGAN HERBISIDA CAMPURAN (Amonium Glufosinat 150 g/l dan Metil Metsulfuron 5 g/l) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT TBM

Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui efektivitas herbisida campuran dengan bahan aktif Amonium Glufosinat 150 g/l dan Metil Metsulfuron 5 g/l untuk mengendalikan gulma umum pada tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan. Percobaan dilakukan di Perkebunan Sawit Sagala Herang Kecamatan Serang Panjang Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan dan enam perlakuan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Perlakuan herbisida campuran yang diuji yaitu -1 Amonium Glufosinat 150 g/l g L dan Metil -1 Metsulfuron 5 g L dengan dosis 193.75 l Ha-1, dosis -1 -1 -1 387.5 l Ha , dosis 581.25 l Ha , dan dosis 775 l Ha , penyiangan manual dan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa herbisida campuran dengan dosis 193.75 – 775 l Ha merupakan herbisida yang efektif mengendalikan gulma rumput seperti Ottochloa nodosa L, Imperata cylindrica L, dan gulma daun lebar Ageratum conyzoides L serta gulma total pada budi daya kelapa sawit umur 2 – 4 tahun sampai umur pengamatan 12 MSA dan tidak menimbulkan keracunan pada tanaman kelapa sawit TBM sampai pengamatan tiga minggu setelah aplikasi.

Growth and characterization of ammonium nickel-cobalt sulfate Tutton’s salt for UV light applications

We have obtained a set of sample crystals of the family of Tutton’s salt comprise in the isomorphic series with general chemical formula (NH4)2NixCo(1−x) (SO4)2·6H2O, by employing growth from solutions by slow evaporation technique. The samples crystals were characterized by ICP-AES, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–Vis-NIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. This type of material has been studied because of its physical and chemical properties not yet understood and they have potential technological applications. Chemical analysis of the samples by ICP-AES method allowed us to investigate the efficiency of the method of growth used. Thermogravimetric analysis provides the information about the thermal stability of the obtained crystals for high temperature applications, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis at ambient and high temperature reveals the structural quality and structural change of the samples respectively. We have used Raman spectroscopy in the range 100–4000 cm−1 and FTIR spectroscopy in the range 400–4000 cm−1 to understand the internal vibrational mode of the octahedral complexes [Ni(H2O)6]2+ and [Co(H2O)6]2+, SO42− and NH4+ tetrahedra. The transmittance of our mixed ammonium nickel cobalt sulfate hexahydrate (ACNSH) crystals is 75% in the UV region, which indicates that they are ideal to use in UV light filters and UV sensors.

H2S gasochromic effect of mixed ammonium salts of phosphomolybdate nanoparticles synthesized by microwave assisted technique

In the present paper, new H2S gasochromic nanomaterial of mixed silver nickel ammonium phosphomolybdate synthesized by microwave assisted technique is reported. The microwave treatment was performed in the solid phase using urea and ammonium nitrate as the promoter and oxidizer agents. The designed process allows rapid synthesis of large amounts of this product in nanosized particulate morphology. Morphological and structural features of the prepared products were studied in detail. Chemical analyses indicated a stoichiometry of (NH4)0.5Ni0.75AgPMo12O40·4H2O revealing a Keggin-type framework with substitution of silver and nickel cations in its secondary structure. A home-made set-up was used to test gasochromic effect via monitoring light intensity variations passing through the samples based on their color change during exposure to different H2S gas concentrations. Response in coloration was obtained about 12% to 61.8% for concentrations from 8.5 to 100mgL−1. It is suggested that the presence of Ag and Ni ions (especially silver as counter cations) in the secondary structure of a Keggin ion plays an important role in the coloration effect of the substituted phosphomolybdate compared with the un-substituted one. In fact, color centers can be originated from the interaction of these cations of the phophomolybdate network with thiol functional group of H2S molecules.

Aerosol water parameterisation: a single parameter framework

Abstract. We introduce a framework to efficiently parameterise the aerosol water uptake for mixtures of semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds, based on the coefficient, νi. This solute-specific coefficient was introduced in Metzger et al. (2012) to accurately parameterise the single solution hygroscopic growth, considering the Kelvin effect – accounting for the water uptake of concentrated nanometer-sized particles up to dilute solutions, i.e. from the compounds relative humidity of deliquescence (RHD) up to supersaturation (Köhler theory). Here we extend the νi parameterisation from single to mixed solutions. We evaluate our framework at various levels of complexity, by considering the full gas–liquid–solid partitioning for a comprehensive comparison with reference calculations using the E-AIM, EQUISOLV II and ISORROPIA II models as well as textbook examples. We apply our parameterisation in the EQuilibrium Simplified Aerosol Model V4 (EQSAM4clim) for climate simulations, implemented in a box model and in the global chemistry–climate model EMAC. Our results show (i) that the νi approach enables one to analytically solve the entire gas–liquid–solid partitioning and the mixed solution water uptake with sufficient accuracy, (ii) that ammonium sulfate mixtures can be solved with a simple method, e.g. pure ammonium nitrate and mixed ammonium nitrate and (iii) that the aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulations are in close agreement with remote sensing observations for the year 2005. Long-term evaluation of the EMAC results based on EQSAM4clim and ISORROPIA II will be presented separately.

Ammonium and potassium removal from swine liquid manure using clinoptilolite, chabazite and faujasite zeolites

This study concerns cationic exchanges performed in order to remove ammonium and potassium cations from manure by using various zeolites: clinoptilolite, chabazite and NaX faujasite. First, the effect of temperature (25 °C and 40 °C) on the exchange rate between zeolites and an ammonium chloride solution was investigated. Then, cationic exchanges were performed on these three zeolites using on one side a mixed ammonium and potassium chloride solution reproducing the chemical composition of a swine manure and on the other side the corresponding liquid manure. No significant difference was observed on the exchange rate and the trapping of ammonium cations by changing the temperature (25 or 40 °C). Clinoptilolite showed a good selectivity towards ammonium cations using model (NH4Cl, and mixed NH4Cl/KCl) solutions but is less efficient with the liquid manure. Chabazite and faujasite were found more efficient than clinoptilolite for trapping ammonium cations. However, NaX faujasite enables trapping 3 times more ammonium cations than chabazite from manure (60 and 20 mg/g, respectively). Moreover, chabazite allowed to trap the same amount of potassium cations than NaX faujasite (33 and 35 mg/g, respectively).

Mixed ammonium silver phosphomolybdate salt nanostructures; solid state synthesis, characterization of driving agent role and photocatalytic property

A green mechanochemical technique has been developed for the synthesis of mixed ammonium silver phosphomolybdate salt, (NH4)1.6Ag1.4PMo12O40.4H2O with sheet-like nanostructure. The reaction was prompted using acetamide/NH4NO3 at room temperature. The change of driving agent to urea at the same conditions led to an epitaxial growth of hierarchical microstructure of this polyoxoanion. The morphological and structural features of the prepared specimens were discussed in detail. The photocatalytic performance of the resulting nanosheets for removing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water under visible light irradiation was also studied. It was found that the substitution of positively charged units by Ag+ ions and production of reduced ion improves the photocatalytic activity of prepared product compared with entire one. The obtained results allow introducing this product as a usable choice with a high degree of removal efficiency in catalytic and photocatalytic treatments.