Mixed Absorbents Research Articles

Comparative Review for Enhancing CO2 Capture Efficiency with Mixed Amine Systems and Catalysts.

This study investigates methods to enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture using organic amine absorption and compares the performance of traditional and novel amine solvents. It reviews various single-component and mixed amine absorbents, as well as catalysts used in these methods, highlighting the superiority of mixed amine absorbents over single-component amine absorbents in CO2 absorption and desorption. Additionally, the study explores the catalytic mechanisms and effects of catalysts in the CO2 absorption/desorption process with amine solvents and provides an outlook on future research directions. The aim is to promote the widespread adoption of organic amine absorption technology in industrial applications and to contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient CO2 capture technologies.

Improving the activity of CO2 capturing from flue gas by membrane gas – solvent absorption process

This work is focused on increasing the capturing efficiency of carbon dioxide (CO2) through flue gas purification systems. To maximize the CO2 capture process, many process variables such as temperature, flow rates, absorbent concentrations, and nanoparticles were investigated. This study describes the use of a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor to separate CO2 from nitrogen using different solvents, including Potassium carbonate (K2CO3), N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), and monoethanolamine (MEA). Also, the presence of silica nanoparticles and piperazine (PZ) enhances the process performance. On the other hand, the amine and mixed amino absorbents MDEA-PZ and MDEA-MEA were prepared and compared based on the absorption capacity. The optimal order of amine absorbent performance when applied to CO2 membrane absorption is MDEA-MEA followed by MDEA-PZ. At a solute concentration of 9%, MDEA-MEA exhibits the highest CO2 removal efficiency, which is 74.12%. However, at a concentration of 11%, MEA, MDEA-PZ, and MDEA have the highest CO2 removal efficiencies of 80.15%, 75.13%, and 63.12%, respectively.

Cost-Effective Synthesis Method: Toxic Solvent-Free Approach for Stable Mixed Cation Perovskite Powders in Photovoltaic Applications.

Organometallic lead halide perovskite powders have gained widespread attention for their intriguing properties, showcasing remarkable performance in the optoelectronic applications. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) microcrystals (MCs) is synthesized using retrograde solubility-driven crystallization. Additionally, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and cesium lead iodide (δ-CsPbI3) MCs are prepared through a sonochemical process, employing low-grade PbX2 (X = I & Br) precursors and an eco-friendly green solvent (γ-Valerolactone). The study encompasses an analysis of the structural, optical, thermal, elemental, and morphological characteristics of FAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and CsPbI3 MCs. Upon analysing phase stability,a phase transition in FAPbI3 MCs is observed after 2 weeks. To address this issue, a powder-based mechanochemical method is employed to synthesize stable mixed cation perovskite powders (MCPs) by subjecting FAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 MCs with varying concentrations of CsPbI3. Furthermore, the performance of mixed cation perovskites are examined using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The impact of cesium incorporation in the photovoltaic characteristics is elucidated. All mixed cation absorbers exhibited optimal device performance with a thickness ranging between 0.6-1.5µm. It's worth noting that the MCPs exhibit impressive ambient stability, remaining structurally intact and retaining their properties without significant degradation for 70 days of ambient exposure.

Utilization of Eggshell Waste Calcite as a Sorbent for Rare Earth Element Recovery.

The green energy transition requires rare earth elements (REE) for the permanent magnets used in electric cars and wind turbines. REE extraction and beneficiation are chemically intensive and highly damaging to the environment. We investigated the use of eggshell waste as a sustainable alternative sorbent for the capture and separation of REE from aqueous solutions. Hen eggshell calcite was placed in multi-REE (La, Nd, Dy) solutions at 25 to 205 °C for up to 3 months. A pervasive diffusion of the REE inside the eggshell calcite was observed along pathways formed by the intracrystalline organic matrix and calcite crystal boundaries. At 90 °C, kozoite (REECO3OH, orthorhombic) spherulites precipitate on the surface of the dissolving calcite. At 165 and 205 °C, an interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation mechanism is observed, resulting in the complete dissolution of the calcite shell and its pseudomorphic replacement by polycrystalline kozoite. At 205 °C, kozoite is slowly replaced by hydroxylbastnäsite (REECO3OH, hexagonal), the stable form of the rare earth hydroxycarbonate polymorphs. Our results demonstrate two potential applications of eggshell waste for the uptake of rare earth elements in solution: at low temperatures, as a mixed organic-inorganic adsorbent and absorbent, given sufficient sorption time; and at higher temperatures, as an efficient sacrificial template for the precipitation of rare earth hydroxycarbonates.

Enhancing solar cell efficiency through tandem structures utilizing lead-free mixed cation perovskites and CZTSe absorber layers

A tandem structure efficiently boosts solar cell efficiency because it uses a larger spectrum of solar radiation and minimizes photon energy thermalization. High-performance tandem solar cells have historically been difficult to produce due to a shortage of high-performance, low-bandgap cells. The proposed design is based on the CH3NH3GeI3 (1.9 eV) as a wide band gap absorber layer and FAMASnGeI3 (1.4 eV) as a narrow band gap perovskite layer with CZTSe as HTL. This research investigates the effect of different ETLs, perovskite layer thicknesses and their doping concentration on the device's photovoltaic parameters. Furthermore, the effect of tunnel junction thickness and front contact work function on the solar cell performance has also been simulated. It has been noted that the PCBM presents a better efficiency device than the other ETLs. The Voc of different ETLs has been related to Vbi. Moreover, the optimized thicknesses of both perovskite absorber layers are 450 nm and 400 nm for MAGeI3 and FAMASnGeI3, respectively. The optimal doping density is found to be E14 cm−3. It has been observed that the tunnel junction's thickness and the front contact's work function also play an important role in optimized device efficiency. The tunnel junction thickness is 4 nm for lead-free mixed cation perovskite/CZTSe tandem solar cells. However, the work function of the front electrode of 4.4 eV is optimum for this structure. The proposed lead-free mixed cation perovskite/CZTSe tandem device shows significant performance parameters, i.e., Voc= 0.970 V, Jsc = 28.46 mAcm−2, FF = 84.43 % and PCE= 23.32 %

Research on CO2 capture performance and reaction mechanism using newly tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) + monoethanolamine (MEA) mixed absorbent for onboard application

Large–scale CO2 emissions have raised international concerns as they lead to global temperature rise. Consequently, mitigating CO2 emissions has emerged as a central focus of interdisciplinary research. Although onboard carbon capture technology proves effective in reducing a ship's CO2 emissions, challenges persist in the form of high desorption energy consumption and low CO2 loading of the absorbents. In this study, a novel polyamine–based mixed amine system based on marine engine exhaust CO2 capture technology has been developed to reduce desorption energy consumption and enhance CO2 loading. Additionally, the reaction mechanisms of CO2 with polyamine–based mixed amine were investigated using a combination of quantum chemical calculations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The results indicated that compared to monoethanolamine (MEA) with the same mass fraction, the CO2 loading of the new mixed absorbent tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) + MEA increased by 7 % and the desorption heat duty reduced by 18.1 %. The analytical approach results showed that in the case of 7.5 wt% TEPA + 7.5 wt% MEA solution, proton transfer was predominantly governed by TEPA, whereas MEA primarily engaged in the reaction with CO2. During desorption at 368 K, the released CO2 primarily arose from HCO3− and CO32−. These findings hold academic and practical significance for the advancement of more efficient carbon capture technologies in maritime applications.

Understanding the Positive Role of Ionic Liquids in CO2 Capture by Poly(ethylenimine).

CO2 capture technology is one of the most important technical methods for significantly mitigating CO2 emissions in a low-carbon context. The recent invention of mixed absorbents comprising poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and ionic liquids (ILs) provides a novel strategy for efficiently capturing CO2, and this has garnered widespread attention. However, the intermolecular interactions between the IL and other constituents during the CO2 absorption process remain unclear. In this present work, a series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the positive role of IL in CO2 capture by PEI. The results showed that the formation of hydrogen bonds between the IL anion and the amino groups of PEI primarily drives the addition of IL to PEI. During the CO2 absorption process, the IL anion not only can absorb CO2 but also exerts a dehydrogenation effect on the amino group of PEI, facilitating enhanced interaction between PEI and CO2. Additionally, the IL substantially reduces the viscosity of PEI, promoting the diffusion of CO2 within the system and enhancing the absorption rate. Based on the information on interaction energy and viscosity, we can easily make theoretical predictions for the optimal proportion of IL to be added. The above results provide fundamental insights to promote the industrial application of the PEI/IL system for CO2 capture.

Pilot-Scale Experimental Investigation on Dry Capture of Mercury and SO3 in Smelting Gas of Acid Making.

In this study, a novel dry capture process utilizing a mixed adsorbent of ZnO and CuS was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Hg0 and SO3 in flue gas from zinc smelting, addressing severe mercury pollution and high SO3 concentrations. The experimental results showed that flue gas cooling caused the SO3 to transform into sulfuric acid mist, which changed the reaction mechanism from a gas-solid to a liquid-solid reaction and helped to improve the SO3 removal efficiency. Additionally, properly increasing the absorbent/SO3 molar ratio significantly improved the SO3 removal performance. However, excessive absorbent injection could cause aggregation and uneven dispersion of the absorbent particles in the flue gas, therefore impairing the effectiveness of SO3 capture. Under typical operating conditions (flue gas flow rate of 3500 m3/h, flue gas temperature of 180 °C, ZnO/SO3 molar ratio of 0.74, and residence time of 0.5 s), using a mixed absorbent of ZnO and CuS achieved an SO3 removal efficiency of up to 32.6%, and a total mercury capture at 43.2%, of which the Hg0 removal attained a remarkable 76.3%. These results preliminarily confirm the feasibility of the dry capture technology for simultaneous removal of SO3 and mercury, laying the foundation for further application and promotion.

Towards optimized designs for control rod absorbers with a high-fidelity simulation method implemented in the RMC code

A high-fidelity simulation method of the control rod absorbers is implemented in the Monte Carlo code RMC. For rare-earth absorbers and B4C, detailed calculations and analyses are conducted for neutronics and depletion characteristics. Three kinds of optimized control rod absorbers are proposed with higher reactivity worth and favorable burnup stability. In these new designs, the composite absorbers possess higher reactivity worth and only average 20% loss of reactivity worth at the end of cycle (EOC). The enriched absorbers have better neutron absorbing capacity and more stable radiation resistance, and the loss of reactivity worth of enriched B4C reduces from 90% to only 7.42% at EOC. For mixed absorbers, the best properties are found for the Dy and B4C mixture when the proportion of Dy is about 60%. The coupling of ZrH2 and Hf achieves a better control efficiency, but unfortunately the loss of reactivity worth increases at EOC.

Functionalized cross-linking mechanism of biochar “adsorption-reaction microunit” on the promotion of new ammonia-based CO2 capture

Ammonia-based CO2 capture technology has crucial impacts on power plants carbon emission reduction, which has become one of the most concerning issues. However, there are limitations faced by traditional capture technology in the absorption rate, ammonia escape and regeneration energy consumption. The functionalized biochar (with a specific surface area of up to 2835.36 m2/g, micropores volume of 77.4 %) was used to enhance the mass transfer process of new ammonia-based (ammonia-ethanol mixed absorbent) CO2 capture by the bubbling absorption experiment system, combined with Monte Carlo simulations, which explored the adsorption and release characteristics of CO2/NH3 molecules in biochar with different pore sizes. The results show that the CO2 absorption flux added biochar RH-900 is 59.67 L·min, increased by 16.16 % compared with pure absorbent. And the volume mass transfer coefficient is 1.226 × 10-4mol/m2·s·Pa, increased by 15.3 % compared with the SiO2. The addition of RH-900 also promotes the CO2 load capacity of the carbonated solution up to 0.5255 mol/L, enhancing the CO2 absorption capacity and CO2 capture efficiency significantly. The ultra-micropores adsorb CO2, while the surface of larger pores distributes and achieves the adequate fixation of NH3. Besides, the mesopores and macropores provide space where the CO2 is transported and diffused, and the free ammonia concentration is maintained. The study provides an innovative thought for improving the ammonia-based CO2 capture method and significantly reducing of harmful carbon emissions by biomass energy-carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technology.

Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells

The tunable bandgaps and facile fabrication of perovskites make them attractive for multi-junction photovoltaics1,2. However, light-induced phase segregation limits their efficiency and stability3-5: this occurs in wide-bandgap (>1.65 electronvolts) iodide/bromide mixed perovskite absorbers, and becomes even more acute in the top cells of triple-junction solar photovoltaics that require a fully 2.0-electron-volt bandgap absorber2,6. Here we report that lattice distortion in iodide/bromide mixed perovskites is correlated with the suppression of phase segregation, generating an increased ion-migration energy barrier arising from the decreased average interatomic distance between the A-site cation and iodide. Using an approximately 2.0-electron-volt rubidium/caesium mixed-cation inorganic perovskite with large lattice distortion in the top subcell, we fabricated all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells and achieved an efficiency of 24.3 per cent (23.3 per cent certified quasi-steady-state efficiency) with an open-circuit voltage of 3.21 volts. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported certified efficiency for perovskite-based triple-junction solar cells. The triple-junction devices retain 80 per cent of their initial efficiency following 420 hours of operation at the maximum power point.

Development for Highly Efficient Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Organometal halide perovskites have captured wide interest as a promising material for light-weight and high-efficiency solar cells. Through recent studies of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the composition of organometal halide perovskites is recognized as one of the key factors in the improvement of the PCE. In this study, we investigated mixed cation perovskite absorber. Additionally, we successfully constructed monolithic PSC mini-module without I-V hysteresis. In the case of MA-free PSCs, the 24.9% PCE (0.187 cm2) and 21.6% PCE (2.76 cm2 monolithic PSC mini-module) were obtained, respectively. We also developed semitransparent perovskite top cells with higher durability and transmittance for tandem solar cells. The PCEs of 19.5% (certified 19.3%) and 26.2% were achieved for a 1 cm2 semi-transparent perovskite top cell and four-terminal PSC/CIGS tandem solar cells, respectively.

Study on biogas upgrading characteristics and reaction mechanism of low energy consumption 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP)/piperazine (PZ)/H2O mixed amines

Mixed amine scrubbing technology applied to biogas upgrading could produce high purity biomethane, thus contributing to the increase of the percentage of renewable energy in the total energy utilization. In order to prepare a mixed absorber that could achieve efficient and low-energy CO2 capture, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP) with sterically hindering effect and kinetic promoter piperazine (PZ) were selected to be mixed in different mole ratios (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1), and the results of CO2 loading, amine regeneration rate, methane purity, CO2 desorption heat, CH4 selectivity and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were obtained to study their effects on biogas upgrading and its reaction mechanism, and a comparative economic analysis was performed with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA). The results showed that the biogas upgrading and regeneration of AMP/PZ = 1/1 mixed amine was more effective and could achieve 0.598 mol CO2/mol amine CO2 loading, 100% methane purity, near 0 CH4 loss, 47.32% regeneration rate and 76.04 kJ/mol CO2 regeneration heat, while having better economy compared with aqueous 30 wt% MEA. The results of 13C NMR also verified the carbamate under the influence of sterically hindering was more favorable for the regeneration of amines, providing technical guidance for the subsequent screening and preparation of mixed amines.

Operational stability, low light performance, and long-lived transients in mixed-halide perovskite solar cells with a monolayer-based hole extraction layer

Due to their tunable bandgap and low manufacturing cost, metal halide perovskite solar cells are attractive for ambient/indoor light-harvesting applications. In this work, we evaluate p-i-n perovskite solar cells fabricated with MeO-2PACz, a molecular monolayer hole extraction layer, as potential candidates for ambient light-harvesting applications. Two triple-cation mixed halide lead perovskite absorbers are compared, one with high bromide content (Br/I ratio 1:2, bandgap 1.72 eV, 16.1% power conversion efficiency) and one with low bromide content (Br/I ratio 1:11, bandgap 1.57 eV, 19.1% power conversion efficiency). Both materials demonstrated good stability while operating under simulated sunlight at the maximum power point for 100 h, a cumulative light dose comparable to over two years of ambient use. After 100 h operation, however, the measured device efficiency fell temporarily due to a transient loss of output current before returning to the nominal level after a long recovery period in the dark. These transient losses were more apparent in the wide bandgap device under strong light and were likely caused by light-induced halide segregation. After recovery, both devices retained good performance under a wide range of light intensities. Under a simulated ambient light source (835 lx white LED), the power conversion efficiency of the wide bandgap device reached 30.4%.

A method for the determination of ZnDDP in lubricant oils by applying solid-phase extraction with mixed resin

One of the major applications of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZnDDPs) is their usage as an anti-wear additive in lubricants including greases, hydraulic oils, and motor oils. ZnDDPs also could be used as corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants. In this study, GC/MS with solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment was used to effectively remove base oils in lubricants and qualitative and quantitative analysis method for ZnDDPs in automotive lubricants. As a pretreatment method, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and SPE were applied. The SPE method using mixed absorbent containing 1.0% of active carbon in silica gel base showed the best results in both recovery and reproducibility. The LOD and LOQ of the developed method were 2.2 µg/ml and 6.7 µg/ml, respectively. And this method showed very good reproducibility of less than 0.1% RSD for the standard sample analysis. The developed method was successively applied to qualitative and quantitative analyses of ZnDDP in various real automotive lubricant samples.

Highly efficient absorption of methyl tert-butyl ether with ionic liquids

• The absorption of MTBE with ILs was first systematically investigated. • The ILs [AMIM][Tf 2 N] and [PhCH 2 MIM][Tf 2 N] were screened as the suitable absorbents. • The absorption mechanism at the molecular level was identified by QC simulations. • The process design and optimization for MTBE absorption were carried out. In this work, the technology for absorbing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) with ionic liquids (ILs) is first proposed and systematically investigated from the molecular level to system scale. The imidazolium-based ILs, [BzMIM][Tf 2 N] and [AMIM][Tf 2 N] are screened from 272 IL species using the COSMO-RS model. The absorption mechanism at the molecular level is explored by combined characterization techniques (i.e. 1 H NMR and FT-IR) with quantum chemical (QC) calculations (i.e. binding energy and weak interaction analyses). The vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of MTBE-IL and MTBE-triethylene glycol (TEG) systems are experimentally determined and predicted through the UNIFAC-Lei model. The results show that the model can well quantitatively predict the VLE of these mixed systems. Moreover, the equilibrium absorption capacities of MTBE in ILs and TEG are measured and the magnitude is in the order of [BzMIM][Tf 2 N] > [AMIM][Tf 2 N] > TEG. The equilibrium stage and rate-based models on the basis of the UNIFAC-Lei model is established to perform the process design and optimization for MTBE absorption. When achieving the same separation task (i.e., MTBE content in the product gas less than 500 ppm in mole fraction), the mixed absorbent of [AMIM][Tf 2 N] + TEG has the lower loss of product gas and the lower energy demands (i.e., heating and cooling energy along with exergy demands) compared with the pure TEG and pure IL processes. This validates that ILs are potential absorbents and IL-based mixed absorbents may be the better strategy for achieving highly efficient absorption of MTBE.

Novel LIS-doped mixed matrix membrane absorbent with high structural stability for sustainable lithium recovery from geothermal water

Lithium-ion sieves (LIS) have gained significant interest in lithium recovery from geothermal water. However, the severe loss and low recyclability of the powder adsorbents restrict their practical application. Here, the symmetric mixed matrix membranes adsorbents of LIS (MMMs-LIS) were prepared after doping the dopamine-modified LIS into polysulfone (PSf) matrix by breath figure approach with the characters of low thickness, high exposure area of H2TiO3 (HTO) and high structural stability. The hydrophilic dopamine (DA) would probably promote the condensate water droplets to penetrate PSf matrix and make the smaller HTO/DA preferably emerge on the pore surfaces, accelerating the intercalation of Li+ into the vacancies of HTO on the premise of the strengthened interfacial interaction between HTO/DA and PSf matrix. Therefore, the well-designed MMMs processed a comparable Li+ adsorption capacity of 25.01 mg·g−1 and an equilibrium adsorption time of 45 min to powdery HTO during the dynamic adsorption process at 298.15 K (C0 = 25.78 mg·L−1, pH = 12.0). Moreover, Ti4+ loss rate of HTO in MMMs decreased from 10.5% down to 1.1% after the first desorption and then gradually alleviated after multiple cycles until stabilized at 2.3%, indicating the excellent structural stability. These results suggest the great potentials of MMMs for highly efficient and sustainable lithium recovery from geothermal water.

Synergetic effect and mechanism between propylene carbonate and polymer rich in ester and ether groups for CO2 physical absorption

Polymers rich in ester and ether groups may have excellent behavior for CO2 absorption. However, these polymers are not widely used in industry due to their high kinematic viscosities. The introduction of a small-molecule solvent is supposed to reduce kinematic viscosity of the polymer and help the polymer to be the excellent CO2 absorbent, but the effect and related mechanism remain unknown. This work proposed propylene carbonate (PC) + poly(ethylene glycol) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (PEGB) as potential CO2 capture absorbent and carried out a theoretically and experimentally integrated study for CO2 capture using high-molecule polymer. Firstly, quantum chemistry calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) attributes the strong PEGB-CO2 interaction to the large amount of effective binding sites including ester and ether groups. Secondly, the DFT simulation shows the synergetic effect of PC and PEGB: CO2 absorption of PC+PEGB is obviously easier than that of pure PC or PEGB. The synergetic effect is verified by thermodynamic experiment, the relatively high and positive value of excess CO2 absorption capacity of the PC+PEGB mixture is obtained. Thirdly, the synergetic mechanism is assessed to be the stronger Lewis acid-base and hydrogen-bond interaction offered by the mixed absorbent based on charge transfer behavior analysis. Finally, 0.2513 PC+0.7487 PEGB may be the optimum mass ratio for promising CO2 capture because of its high CO2 absorption capacity (0.3276 mol-CO2/mol-solution) and appropriate kinematic viscosity (2.5721 × 10−5 m2 s−1, about 60% decrease compared with PEGB).

Thermodynamic and molecular insights into gas drying with ionic liquid − based mixed absorbents

The suitability of mixed solvents of triethylene glycol (TEG) and ionic liquids (ILs) as gas drying agents was first systematically studied from the phase equilibrium to molecular perspectives. The vapor − liquid equilibrium (VLE) for mixed systems of H2O − TEG, H2O − [EMIM][Tf2N], and H2O − TEG − [EMIM][Tf2N] were experimentally measured and predicted using the UNIFAC-Lei model. The results showed that the UNIFAC-Lei model can be successfully extended to predict VLE from binary to ternary systems. In addition, the vapor pressures of H2O − TEG are lower than those of H2O − [EMIM][Tf2N], while the addition of TEG into H2O − [EMIM][Tf2N] can significantly reduce vapor pressure. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations demonstrate the relationship between the VLE behaviors and microscopic mechanisms of H2O − TEG − [EMIM][Tf2N] and further validate the suitability of TEG − [EMIM][Tf2N] as desiccants due to hydrogen bond (HB) interactions presented in H2O − TEG, H2O − [EMIM][Tf2N] and TEG − [EMIM][Tf2N]. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of IL-based mixed absorbents in gas drying processes.

Phosphorene Nanoribbon-Augmented Optoelectronics for Enhanced Hole Extraction.

Phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) have been widely predicted to exhibit a range of superlative functional properties; however, because they have only recently been isolated, these properties are yet to be shown to translate to improved performance in any application. PNRs show particular promise for optoelectronics, given their predicted high exciton binding energies, tunable bandgaps, and ultrahigh hole mobilities. Here, we verify the theorized enhanced hole mobility in both solar cells and space-charge-limited-current devices, demonstrating the potential for PNRs improving hole extraction in universal optoelectronic applications. Specifically, PNRs are demonstrated to act as an effective charge-selective interlayer by enhancing hole extraction from polycrystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite to the poly(triarylamine) semiconductor. Introducing PNRs at the hole-transport/MAPbI3 interface achieves fill factors above 0.83 and efficiencies exceeding 21% for planar p-i-n (inverted) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Such efficiencies are typically only reported for single-crystalline MAPbI3-based inverted PSCs. Methylammonium-free PSCs also benefit from a PNR interlayer, verifying applicability to architectures incorporating mixed perovskite absorber layers. Device photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that the presence of the PNRs drives more effective carrier extraction. Isolation of the PNRs in space-charge-limited-current hole-only devices improves both hole mobility and conductivity, demonstrating applicability beyond PSCs. This work provides primary experimental evidence that the predicted superlative functional properties of PNRs indeed translate to improved optoelectronic performance.