Mitigating Climate Change Impacts Research Articles

Sustainability and resilience of Aiba Dam in Iwo, Nigeria

Aiba dam was created to supply pipe-borne water to the Iwo community and environ. This paper highlighted challenges to the dam survival and recommended opportunities for improvement in the light of deterring sociological and cultural barriers to its sustainability. The challenges facing the dam include natural viz:- climate change, sedimentation, senesce (ageing trees) and anthropogenic challenges which include management-related problems, urban sprawl, farming practices in the dam area and refuse dump. The paper suggested that relevant government agencies needs to be proactive on ensuring the sustainability of the dam especially in the areas of public enlightenment, reforestation, dredging of the dam, institution and implementation of relevant legal instruments; also, putting in place appropriate measures towards mitigating climate change impact to ensure the survival of the dam and to ascertain that it performs the purpose for which it was created. Further investigation to determine the status of the dam through the use of satellite imageries and geographic information system are suggested.Keywords: Aiba Reservoir; Dam management and resilience; Sustainability; Iwo; Environmental challenge

Novel macroalgae (seaweed) biorefinery systems for integrated chemical, protein, salt, nutrient and mineral extractions and environmental protection by green synthesis and life cycle sustainability assessments

Highly efficient macroalgae based chemical factories and environmental protection have been comprehensively studied for the first time to displace fossil resources to mitigate climate change impact.

Women Mitigating Climate Change Impact Through Forest-based Activities

Women Mitigating Climate Change Impact Through Forest-based Activities

Green growth: indian railways thrust towards economic growth and environmental protection

The advanced development paradigm -Green Growth is maintaining the sustainability of economic growth while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability. In India, Green Growth represents an extraordinary challenge and opportunity for the railway sector like Indian Railways, especially in economic growth and environmental protection. Indian Railways is a key driver of economic growth in India besides it enhances energy security; helps mitigate climate change impact, relieves congestion, improves air quality and enhances quality of life. The present paper highlights the Green role of Indian Railways by acting as an essential instrument in all the Avoid/Shift/Improve (ASI) lines of action leading to the Economic growth and Environment protection in India.

Carbon storage in a bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) plantation in the degraded tropical forests: Implications for policy development

Tropical forests potentially contribute to global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration, hence a global carbon pool. In order to mitigate the global climate change impact, the Kyoto protocol developed the clean development mechanism (CDM) which supports carbon credits for plantation activities in developing countries. Unfortunately, none of the CDM forestry projects included bamboo as a carbon reservoir. Although bamboo is an integrating part of tropical forest ecosystems, it was overlooked in the initial negotiating process. The present study, therefore, investigated the carbon storage potential of a common bamboo species, Bambusa vulgaris at Lawachara forest reserve of Bangladesh. Results showed that five-year-old B. vulgaris stand stored in total 77.67tCha−1 of which 50.44tCha−1 were stored in the above ground biomass (culms, branches and leaves), 2.52tCha−1 in the below ground biomass and 24.71tCha−1 in the soils. This amount of carbon storage is much more promising than the carbon storage of many other tree species considered in the CDM projects. These findings demonstrate the potential of B. vulgaris to be considered in CDM projects as a plantation species and thereby mitigate climate change impact more efficiently.

Climate Change Perception and Adaptation Practices of Gondar City Administration Office Workers, Ethiopia

Purpose- Cities and their residents are affected by climate change, the poor are more vulnerable to consequences of climate extremes and variability increases. Climate change mitigation and adaptation are challenges that face cities. City administration offices can contribute positively in mitigating climate change impact if workers have right perception. This study focus on determining the perception of Gondar City administration workers on climate change impact, organizational adaptation capacity and adaptation works. Factors associated with adaptation practices of climate change impact were also determined. Design/methodology/approach- A cross sectional study design was implemented among Gondar city administration workers. Findings - Majority of workers in City of Gondar administration offices were aware of climate change and its impact. Adaptation capacity of the city administration was relatively low; which results unavailability of adaptation plans and minimal works done on climate change adaptation. The study also revealed that adaptation capacity of Gondar city administration offices was associated with the practicality of adaptation activities within the city. Originality/value - This paper will be of value to city management and policy developers looking in to mainstream climate change adaptation in Ethiopia at City level. Key words : Awareness, Perception, Climate change adaptation, Adaptation capacity

Aviation Industry - Mitigating Climate Change Impacts through Technology and Policy

About 15,000 aircraft service nearly 10,000 airports and operate over routes approximately 15 million km in total length. More the 2.2 billion passengers flew on the world’s airlines for vacation and business travel, and well in excess of a third of the value of the worlds manufactured exports were transported by air. Further, aviation industry generates 32 million jobs worldwide and contributes nearly 8% to world gross domestic product. It goes without saying that air transportation has a big economic footprint. However, the aviation industry is not immune to the impact it has on climate change. As the aviation skies continue to crowd so does the impact of CO2 emissions. This paper reviews the challenges facing the aviation industry and what is it doing about reducing its environmental footprint. The paper concludes that aviation industry needs to look past their traditional business model and move to a model that allows them to operate in a new global business environment which puts emphasis on environmental alignment of business goals. In the interim, the aviation industry continues to explore the issues related to alternative fuels, more efficient engine technology, better traffic management and policy mechanisms (such as emissions trading and carbon offsets) with some degree of success. The paper strongly recommends the involvement of governments in establishing ground rules to help global aviation industry to mitigate climate change risks.

Establishing a Framework for Analyzing Asphalt Pavement Sustainability

Much of America's civil infrastructure is in dire need of improvement. Electricity transmission grids, water distribution systems, bridges, and roads require modernization to restore functionality. Many studies support this need. The critical issue is how to meet this need of restoring and improving infrastructure while promoting an ethic of sustainability. Road construction and rehabilitation represent an often overlooked but important opportunity to implement energy-efficient technologies and techniques that reduce energy consumption, mitigate climate change impact s by reducing emissions, and promote sustainable resource consumption. We need a sustainable strategy to modernize our roads. Ongoing research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is focused on identifying, testing, and validating alternative pavement technologies that may significantly diminish energy consumption through the reduction of material manufacturing and construction temperatures. Initial efforts have focused on developing quantitative lifecycle analysis tools for assessing pavement sustainability.

Mitigating climate change impact on soybean productivity in India: a simulation study

Field experiments with soybean were conducted over a period of 1990–1998 in diverse Indian locations ranging in latitude, longitude, and elevation. These locations provided a wide range of environments for testing and validation of the crop growth (CROPGRO) model considered in this study with observed changes in soils, rainfall and other weather parameters. Model predicted satisfactorily the trends of days to flowering, maturity and grain yields. The deviations of simulated results were within ±15% of the measurements. Validated CROPGRO model has been used to simulate the impact of climate change on soybean production in India. The projected scenarios for the Indian subcontinent as inferred from three state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) have been used in the present study. There was a decrease (ranging between about 10 and 20%) in soybean yield in all the three future scenarios when the effect of rise in surface air temperature at the time of the doubling of CO 2 concentration was considered. The results obtained on the mitigatory option for reducing the negative impacts of temperature increases indicate that delaying the sowing dates would be favorable for increased soybean yields at all the locations in India. Sowing in the second season would also be able to mitigate the detrimental effects of future increases in surface temperature due to global warming at some locations.