Mission Goals Research Articles

System Vicarious Calibration for climate and global long-term operational ocean color applications

Abstract System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) enhances the accuracy of satellite ocean color radiometric data products by removing the bias due to the intrinsic inaccuracies affecting both the responsivity of the space sensor and the correction for the atmospheric and sea surface contributions to the measured signal. Various SVC procedures have been implemented and applied for regional studies, specific mission goals, and the most challenging quantification of global, long-term, climate-driven changes that require accurate and consistent data products across multiple missions. This paper summarizes the outcome of a workshop organized by the Ocean Color SVC Task Force of the International Ocean Color Coordinating Group (IOCCG) to review requirements for SVC supporting ocean color missions for climate and global long-term operational applications. The work emphasizes the essential need for long-term sustained SVC infrastructures and associated services, summarizes the primary requirements for establishing a comprehensive ocean color SVC framework, and provides directions for new investigations to tackle arising needs on SVC advancements and methods.

The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): science overview

To answer NASA’s call for a sensitive X-ray observatory in the 2030s, we present the High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) mission concept. HEX-P is designed to provide the required capabilities to explore current scientific questions and make new discoveries with a broadband X-ray observatory that simultaneously measures sources from 0.2 to 80 keV. HEX-P’s main scientific goals include: 1) understand the growth of supermassive black holes and how they drive galaxy evolution; 2) explore the lower mass populations of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and stellar-mass black holes in the nearby universe; 3) explain the physics of the mysterious corona, the luminous plasma close to the central engine of accreting compact objects that dominates cosmic X-ray emission; and 4) find the sources of the highest energy particles in the Galaxy. These goals motivate a sensitive, broadband X-ray observatory with imaging, spectroscopic, and timing capabilities, ensuring a versatile platform to serve a broad General Observer (GO) and Guest Investigator (GI) community. In this paper, we present an overview of these mission goals, which have been extensively discussed in a collection of more than a dozen papers that are part of this Research Topic volume. The proposed investigations will address key questions in all three science themes highlighted by Astro2020, including their associated priority areas. HEX-P will extend the capabilities of the most sensitive low- and high-energy X-ray satellites currently in orbit and will complement existing and planned high-energy, time-domain, and multi-messenger facilities in the next decade.

Шлях до національного лідерства: осмислення 25-річного становлення Інституту вищої освіти НАПН України

In the article, from the positions of the director (2006-2012), part-time chief researcher and member of the academic council (since 2006), national higher education reform expert (since 2009), the features of the 25-year history of Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, which founded in the context of global, regional and national development of higher education, its quantitative growth and qualitative enrichment, efficiency of activity are considered. The stages and aspects of the modernization of the institutional mission (goal) and the corresponding status and structural reformatting of the institution as a national leader in systematic research in the university sphere are highlighted. The most important fundamental achievements obtained with the author’s participation and relevant for the science of universities (university studies), that born in the institute, as well as for creation of leadership universities as locomotives of progress, are noted. With regard to European integration, the scientific support for the development of the European Higher Education Area according to the Bologna process, Ukraine’s participation in them, in particular in two key dimensions: 1) compatibility and comparability and 2) competitiveness and attractiveness, and the spread of international cooperation and communication of the institute’s scientists, are characterized. Regarding national self-identification and self-sufficiency, ensuring state sovereignty, the contribution of scientists of the institution to the justification of the principles of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian universities and the development of a strategy for creating world-class universities is shown. It was concluded that the research activity of the staff of the scientific institution is important for the approaching victory in the war started by the russian federation, increasing the defence capability and security, post-war innovative recovery and European integration of Ukraine.

A Complete Study of Remote Sensing- Sentinel-2 Satellite Data for Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) Analysis

Remote sensing based Satellite collected Images is a complete advanced process of both the automatic detecting observation and overall earth monitoring as well as observing the mainly physical level of characteristics of an area by mainly measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance mainly used from both satellite and aircraft. Special quality cameras collect remotely based sensed images, which help all researchers "sense" things about overall Earth observation. The European Research Space Agency (ESA) and the European (member countries) Union-EU both have equally provided together to specially a very powerful observation of the whole planet surface by simply making the remote sensing based Sentinel type-2 numerous spectral based results. The Sentinel category 2 satellite was successfully launched on June, 23rd 2015 to deliver satellite collection of data and imagery. The sentinel category-1 is the mission of the introductory satellite of Copernicus oriented research project for the artificial satellite based asterism organized by all Europe countries Space Research Agency. The satellite series of Sentinel 1A was successfully produced in the month of April, 03 2014, the same as Sentinel-1B satellite was successfully launched in the month of April, 25 2016. The Sentinel category-2 is the second category of satellite constellation of the All European countries Space Research Program designed mainly for a series of Sentinel missions. The main goal of the Sentinel category-2 satellite series mission is primary provide a very good quality of best pixel-resolution space satellite data / information used mainly for Land surface Cover (LC)/ Land Usage (LU) observation, coastal surface observation, different climate (Cloud) change and natural disaster damage mapping, Natural disaster, Earth Observatory, Forestry, Wildfire Assessment, Humanitarian operations with a best complementing to the other remote sensing satellite series missions mainly as-”LANDSAT”. Therefore, the review of advanced Sentinel type -2 is primary highlighted on these two important parameters: First, The main advantage of the ESA-Sentinel type 2 to different Land surface cover / Land usage classification or monitoring, second, Discovering total overall results of the ESA- Sentinel type-2 satellite data / imagery in various remote sensing based applications (such as the green-forest monitoring, urban area locality, natural level incident hazard analyze monitoring, coastal monitoring). The complete overall accuracy of data analysis can be improved when the possibility to simply integrate Sentinel type-2 satellite data with additional various types of advanced remotely based satellite observed details. The overall literature review of the Sentinel type-2 also describes a use of advanced remote sensing Sentinel type-2 details which are produced a very high level accuracies (>81 to 85% by using various advanced machine-learning classification algorithms mainly as: Logistic standard Regression, Support based-Vector (classification) Machine-SVM, Decision level of Trees and Random standard forest-RF algorithm. Remaining, other classifier techniques commonly known as Maximum-Likelihood Analysis (MLA) are most commonly used. Although the sentinel type-2 also provides good level of opportunities mainly for Land surface cover-LC / Land usage-LU based on various classification, as well as they have many complex difficulties which added different mismatching with data of Landsat satellite based on OLI-category 8 additionally a gap of various thermal level bands, and different spatial based resolution (pixel) among the various bands of Sentinel type-2 satellite. The Sentinel-2 data has the good quality of probable to significantly present in the direction of land surface coverage with land usage monitoring as well as classification.

Prediction of performance and turbulence in ITER burning plasmas via nonlinear gyrokinetic profile prediction

Abstract Burning plasma performance, transport, and the effect of hydrogen isotope (H, D, D-T fuel mix) on confinement has been predicted for ITER baseline scenario (IBS) conditions using nonlinear gyrokinetic profile predictions. Accelerated by surrogate modeling (Rodriguez-Fernandez et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 076036), high fidelity, nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations performed with the CGYRO code (Candy et al 2016 J. Comput. Phys. 324 73), were used to predict profiles of Ti , Te , and ne while including the effects of alpha heating, auxiliary power (NBI + ECH), collisional energy exchange, and radiation losses inside of r / a = 0.9. Predicted profiles and resulting energy confinement are found to produce fusion power and gain that are approximately consistent with mission goals ( P fusion = 500 MW at Q = 10) for the baseline scenario and exhibit energy confinement that is within 1σ of the H-mode energy confinement scaling. The power of the surrogate modeling technique is demonstrated through the prediction of alternative ITER scenarios with reduced computational cost. These scenarios include conditions with maximized fusion gain and an investigation of potential resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) effects on performance with a minimal number of gyrokinetic profile iterations required (3–6). These predictions highlight the stiff ITG nature of the core turbulence predicted in the ITER baseline and demonstrate that Q > 17 conditions may be accessible by reducing auxiliary input power while operating in IBS conditions. Prediction of full kinetic profiles allowed for the projection of hydrogen isotope effects around ITER baseline conditions. The gyrokinetic fuel ion species was varied from H, D, and 50/50 D-T and kinetic profiles were predicted. Results indicate that a weak or negligible isotope effect will be observed to arise from core turbulence in IBS conditions. The resulting energy confinement, turbulence, and density peaking, and the implications for ITER operations will be discussed.

Features of electronic (virtual) internationalisation of higher education in Russia and Kazakhstan

Introduction. The use of information and communications technologies in the sphere of higher education has received its new embodiment in promoting universities into the global educational space. The aim of the study was to find out how electronic internationalisation is implemented in some universities in Russia and Kazakhstan and what the prospects for its development are. Materials and methods. The survey was implemented on the basis of the methodology for scrutinising Englishlanguage pages of university websites, developed by the Russian Council on International Affairs in 2015. Materials from 5 English-language versions of websites of state universities in Russia and 5 websites of state universities in Kazakhstan were used. The used methods involved induction of empirical material collection; comparative method of studying the results; analysis and generalisation. Results. The most stuffed website sections of all selected five Russian universities are “About the University” (100%), “Contacts” (96%), “University History” (90%), “Admission” (96%), “University Mission and Strategic Goals” (93%), “Science and Research” (90%), “Units and Departments” (80%), “Foreign Partners” (80%). In 80% of the universities, all or most (2/3 of the total number) curricula in the English language have no news blocks in English or additional materials about the programmes (presentations, videos, booklets, etc.). The section “Career” in English is the most problematic in almost all of the surveyed universities. It is singled out as a special section only in 60% of the explored Russian universities. The most stuffed website sections of all selected five Kazakhstani universities are “Contacts” (84%), “About the University” (60%), “Admission” (60%) and “Science and Research” (50%). The other sections are less than 50% complete. Moreover, the section “Career” (28%) is the most problematic in terms of data content. The study showed that the Russian state universities which are in the top 5 in terms of student numbers are striving to improve the English-language versions of their websites and translate website sections into other popular languages. The survey of the Kazakhstan universities showed the opportunities for the development of electronic internationalisation in the country. Conclusion. Electronic internationalisation is a new promising form of international communication for universities in Russia and Kazakhstan. Some recommendations were formulated to develop electronic (virtual) internationalisation for both countries: translation of websites into other foreign languages; regular updating of information along with the development of strategic and marketing plans; promoting international identification of universities; use of digital marketing; due account of the immersive nature of internationalisation.

Validation of OceanSat-3 sea surface winds for their utilization in the NCMRWF NWP assimilation systems

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched OceanSat-3, the third-generation satellite in the OceanSat series, carrying a Ku-band scatterometer in November 2022. The novelty of the OceanSat-3 scatterometer (OSCAT-3) is its high-resolution sea surface wind products generated at 12.5 km in addition to 25 km. This study aims to check the quality of OSCAT-3 winds for their possible assimilation in the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. The newly available high-resolution OSCAT-3 wind products are validated against in-situ buoy winds and NCMRWF NWP model equivalents for six months from July to December 2023. The validation results of OSCAT-3 winds are also compared with those of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) onboard the Meteorological Operational Satellite-C (MetOp-C) using the same method. Validation of OSCAT-3 winds against buoy winds shows that the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) in wind speed (direction) is less than 2 m/s (15°) over the Tropics (20° N − 20° S) and slightly higher than 2 m/s (20°) over the Northern Hemisphere (20° N − 90° N), which is closer to the satellite’s mission specifications of 1.8 m/s and 20°. The RMSE in the wind speed/direction in both the scatterometer winds are less than 2 m/s (20°) over the three different geographical regions: the Tropics, Northern Hemisphere, and Southern Hemisphere, but with lower errors for ASCAT winds. The better agreement of ASCAT winds with the NWP equivalents can be attributed partially to the routine assimilation of ASCAT winds in the NCMRWF operational NWP models and also due to the frequency of operation, C-band compared to the OSCAT-3 operated in the Ku band. Since there are three distinct datasets, scatterometer winds, buoy winds, and the NWP equivalents, triple collocation is also carried out in this study. Triple collocation also shows that the errors in OSCAT-3 winds are within the mission goal. The findings from this study indicate that the OSCAT-3 vector winds are of similar quality as its predecessors (OSCAT-2 and SCATSAT-1) and can be assimilated operationally in the NCMRWF NWP models as well as in other global operational NWP models.

Digital health in your hands: A narrative review of exploring Ayushman Bharat's digital revolution

Background: “The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)” is a revolutionary initiative started in India in September 2021 that aims to digitalize the country's healthcare industry. Initiatives like Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, CoWIN App, Aarogya Setu, e-Sanjeevani, and e-Hospital provide healthcare services and facilities that reach every corner of India. This narrative review focuses on the mission's goals, objectives, innovations, significant features, progress, and worldwide scenery for digital health practices—India's healthcare scene by delivering universal health coverage and improving health outcomes. The assessment finds that ABDM is an important step toward a digitalized healthcare system that requires attention and assistance to overcome obstacles and reach its full potential. Methods: The research utilized various databases including Research Gate, PubMed, Google Scholar, and government portals to conduct a comprehensive literature review. This review article provides a critical analysis and offers essential suggestions, ideas, and recommendations for the effective and rapid implementation of the Ayushman Bharat Program. Furthermore, it includes information about the program's ability to transform India's healthcare sector and achieve universal health coverage. Conclusion: The revolutionary Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) aims to digitalize India's healthcare industry. It has made major achievements in improving healthcare access, increasing system effectiveness, improving care quality, and promoting teamwork amongst stakeholders in the healthcare system. By implementing strong data privacy and security protocols and developing infrastructure for India's diverse population, ABDM can play a key role in achieving national health coverage and improving health outcomes. ABDM may be vital in attaining national health coverage and greatly enhancing health outcomes with persistent work and strategic assistance.

PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

School-based management is a school management system that grants authority and power to the institution to manage its operations in line with its potential, demands, and needs. A school is an institution that has the independent authority to establish educational programs (curriculum) and their implications for various school policies in accordance with the school's vision, mission, and educational goals. The aim of this study is to understand and analyze the functions of school management in Senior High Schools. The implementation of school management has been carried out through learning planning, learning implementation, and learning supervision. The learning objectives provide an overview of the relevance and activities to be carried out; the teaching and learning implementation is closely tied to the dimension of human resources, encompassing the number of teachers, educational qualifications, curriculum, library, and more. Furthermore, the supervision of teaching and learning is conducted by the principal in cooperation with the school’s teachers’ council, as well as by the Branch Office of Education both directly and indirectly. Therefore, the implementation of Senior High School Management functions can be concluded as a guideline for conducting learning activities to improve the quality of education. Additionally, alumni and the community should support teaching and learning activities as a form of participation in enhancing the quality of education.

Stability Preparedness: The Not-So-Cold Case for Innovations in Vaccine Stability Modelling and Product Release.

The rapid development of equitably accessible vaccines is paramount in addressing emerging global health challenges. The safety and efficacy of vaccines hinge significantly on their ability to remain stable from manufacturing throughout the supply chain and up to administration. Furthermore, the release of vaccines requires sufficient understanding of the stability profile to allow for expiration dating. In the event of a public health crisis, the time to generate the necessary stability data and the need for rapid product release are in direct opposition. Developing manufacturing platforms with thermostable product formulations for rapid response is therefore key to meeting CEPI's 100 Days Mission goal. This Review aims to highlight the need for stability preparedness through developing thermostable vaccine platforms and exploring innovative stability monitoring strategies that leverage advanced technologies, predictive modelling, and adaptive methodologies. By doing so, we seek to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of stability assessments, supporting rapid development, regulatory approval, and widespread, equal distribution of vaccines-especially in an outbreak scenario. Finally, enhanced thermostability will allow for simplification across the supply chain, which will reduce the financial burden of vaccination programmes and enhance equitable access.

The Role Of Religiousity Leadership As A Moderation Of Factors Affecting Organization Performance After Publish Of The Minister Of BUMN Number SE-7/MBU/07/2020

The effectiveness of an organization in achieving its vision, mission, and organizational goals cannot be separated from the role of its leader. The role of the leader can be seen from his leadership style. This study aims to analyze the role of religious leadership of a leader in strengthening or weakening the factors that influence the performance of BUMN companies with the banking industry sector. The factors that influence the performance of an organization are seen from the servant leadership, organizational culture, and work ethic of the company.This study uses a quantitative method with primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires that will be carried out in this study to respondents who are employees working at State-Owned Enterprises in the Banking Industry sector with an assessment for their superiors in the department where they currently work. This study uses samples that have been collected or returned from both physical questionnaires and digital questionnaires with google forms consisting of 159 BUMN employees working in the banking sector who are domiciled in the cities of Jakarta and Bandung as respondents from 170 questionnaires distributed. The results of the study indicate that Servant Leadership and Organizational Culture have a positive effect on organizational performance. However, work ethic does not affect organizational performance. Religiousity Leadership can moderate the influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance. However, Religiousity Leadership cannot moderate the influence of work ethic on organizational performance. This research contributes to organizational management, especially State-Owned Enterprises in the banking sector so that they can improve their organizational performance after the publication of the Circular Letter from the Ministry of BUMN

The Transformational Journey of Indian Women Entrepreneurs in the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission

Achieving the goals of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission will require empowering women in a variety of fields, including research and development, science and technology, art, culture, and literature, as well as economic and social empowerment and uplifting education. Since women make up 50% of our population, this will be especially important. The Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission's goals can be achieved and the nation's economy can grow as a result of women becoming economically empowered through women entrepreneurs. It used to be that women could only work in a few industries, like pickles and papads, but as awareness and education among women have grown over time, more and more women are now employed in a variety of non- traditional fields, including animation, travel and tourism, hardware and networking, and IT software. Based on their circumstances in the nation, women entrepreneurs must be supported and encouraged in order for the government of India to achieve its Self- Reliant India Mission. With these considerations in mind, the present study aims to examine the current state of women's entrepreneurship in India and the influence of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission on women entrepreneurs.

Doa dan Misi

Some outstanding missionaries from Methodist Church of the end of 19th century-early 20th century expressed that prayer and mission are closely intertwined. Their experiences in mission area showed that prayer is the most needed, though it does not mean that everything which sustain mission activities are unimportant. Two patrons of mission in the Catholic Church expressed similar opinion that prayer is the most important dimension in mission because prayer touches the heart of people more effectively. In his mission Jesus was intensely aware of the importance of prayer as he offered a prayer before choosing his disciples, at the beginning of his work, during his work, before his suffering and his death. Jesus had offered a prayer before his activities in mission because he was aware that he is the messenger of God. In other word Jesus was aware that his mission was God’s mission-Abba’s mission, and his identity was a messenger of God’s/Abba’s Kingdom. The awareness of Jesus identity and the close relationship with his father in prayer are the mode of our mission. Seeing the attitude of Jesus in doing mission one could conclude that prayer plays a pivotal role in mission and the goal of mission is to share the Kingdom of God the Father.

Impact cratering at the lunar Ina irregular mare patch (IMP): Experimental evidence for the nature of impacts into porous basaltic substrate and outstanding questions

The enigma of the apparently young crater retention age for the large lunar volcanic Irregular Mare Patch Ina (∼33.2 Myr) is critically analyzed through the review of: 1) experimental data on high velocity impacts into porous targets, 2) observed small impact crater morphology, and 3) the possible variation in small impact crater morphology with age. While we find that these different data sets and approaches could not unequivocally resolve the enigma, our analysis provides directions for new studies in several disciplines that are designed to help resolve the age conundrum and improve upcoming exploration mission goals and objectives.

Comparing Rover and Helicopter Planetary Mission Architectures in a Mars Analog Setting in Iceland

The Rover–Aerial Vehicle Exploration Network project field-tested planetary mission operations within a Mars analog environment in Iceland using stand-alone rover and helicopter architectures. Mission planning, implementation, and results are reported for the rover mission and briefly summarized for the helicopter mission. The outcomes of both missions are subsequently compared. Field implementation occurred from 2022 July to August at the Holuhraun lava flow. The rover science operations team executed a 14 sol (Martian day) mission that achieved mission, science, and sampling goals, including the contextualization, acquisition, and planned caching of two eolian and two rock samples. The helicopter science operations team executed a plan of comparable length but emphasized different science goals given long-range flight capabilities and landing limitations. The resolution and targetability of the rover payload enabled more detailed analyses, whereas the helicopter was better able to map flow-scale morphologies. The rover’s exploration was limited by daily mobility duration limits and hazardous terrain, whereas the helicopter’s exploration was constrained by landing site hazards. Resource limitations resulted from lengthier rover drives and data-volume-intensive helicopter imaging surveys. Future missions using combined rover–helicopter architectures should account for each spacecraft’s resource needs and acknowledge system strengths in different geologic settings. Both missions served to establish operations strategies and mission outcomes to be applied to future combined rover and helicopter mission architectures, while the helicopter mission also evaluated strategies and outcomes for future stand-alone airborne missions. Findings in this work are relevant to future missions seeking to optimize strategies for planetary mission operations.

ASTERIA — Thermal inertia evaluation of asteroid Didymos

Asteroid Didymos, recently targeted by the NASA DART mission, is also planned to be visited by the ESA Hera mission. The main goal of the DART mission was to impact Dimorphos, the small satellite of Didymos, which was accomplished in September 2022. This collision altered the Didymos–Dimorphos system, generating a notable quantity of ejecta that turned Dimorphos into an active asteroid, with some ejecta potentially settling on the surfaces of both components. This prompts the investigation into the extent of post-impact surface alterations on these bodies, compared to their original states. The purpose of this study is to independently evaluate the pre-impact thermal inertia of Didymos. We employed ASTERIA, an alternative to conventional thermophysical modeling, to estimate the surface thermal inertia of Didymos. The approach is based on a model-to-measurement comparison of the Yarkovsky effect-induced drift on the orbital semi-major axis. These results, alongside existing literature, enable an evaluation of the impact-induced alterations in Didymos’s thermal inertia. Our nominal estimate with a constant thermal inertia model stands at Γ=211−55+81 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2, while assuming it varies with the heliocentric distance with an exponent of −0.75 thermal inertia of Didymos is found to be 258−63+94 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2. Subsequent verification confirmed that this result is robust against variations in unknown physical parameters. The thermal inertia estimates for Didymos align statistically with values reported in the literature, derived from both pre- and post-impact data. The forthcoming Hera mission will provide an opportunity to further corroborate these findings. Additionally, our results support the hypothesis that the thermal inertia of near-Earth asteroids is generally lower than previously expected.

Assessment of India's Green Hydrogen Mission and environmental impact

To achieve the goal of Green Hydrogen Mission, India needs to work on three fronts concurrently. These are Feedstock Systems, Circular Economy integration, and the Environmental Impact of Hydrogen Emissions. This study addresses a critical research gap by offering a holistic assessment of India's preparedness in these interconnected areas. Prior research has often focused on individual aspects of this challenge. This work examines all three factors simultaneously to gain a clearer picture of India's ability to achieve its ambitious emission reduction goals. It analyzes India's rich feedstock resources, exploring initiatives like methane cracking and green hydrogen blending as emission reduction and sustainable energy solutions. Examining various sectors, including manufacturing and waste management, reveals barriers to circular economy integration, such as economic constraints and lack of awareness, alongside proposed solutions. Furthermore, the environmental impact of hydrogen emissions is scrutinized, stressing the importance of understanding and mitigating hydrogen emissions for a low-carbon economy. The study concludes by advocating for collaborative efforts among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. This collaboration is crucial to drive India's Green Hydrogen Mission forward through innovative solutions, policy interventions, and technological advancements. By addressing these interconnected areas, India can achieve its Green Hydrogen Mission goals and contribute significantly to sustainable development and climate change mitigation.

What are the trends in shared leadership development and leadership life skills formation through sport activities: a literature review

A person must have a leadership attitude as a life skill for himself. Leadership is formed systematically from an early age until the end of human life, one of which is by actively participating in a sports club. A club can develop because of the roles in sports, both by athletes, coaches, managers, and others. To win a competition or race, it is necessary to collaborate between athletes in an extraordinary manner in order to achieve the highest goal, namely victory. Many plans are developed, implemented and evaluated. This process requires leadership from team members at every level. Ultimately, this process is internalized in each member, both as a member and line leader, as it takes place in a sports club. How this leadership is formed is shown in this article. Data bases were searched using search engines on Scopus or Science Direct and others before analysis using PRISMA. The final selection of the research database was carried out by checking for duplication, analyzing the title, completeness of the abstract manuscript, and the title and content of the article, resulting in 38 articles. The results showed that active participation in sports, especially those that embrace shared leadership, provides the experience to become one goal and vision of a common mission, so that each member is more motivated to collaborate and spend time, energy, and even money to achieve this goal. This process requires unipersonal skills. In addition, authoritarian and native leadership models are still used. Obviously, whatever leadership model is applied will provide soft skills to participants, no matter what they want. This will lead to leadership in other fields besides sports, including in mathematics education. According to the literature evidence, there are twelve studies that transform sports involvement into life-beneficial values; eight studies that influence leadership behavior towards running sports organizations; four studies on transformational leadership. When people participate in active leadership activities and take on roles, they gain useful experiences, which in turn will have a positive impact on their leadership development in life. Keywords: Shared Leadership, Life Skills, Sports Activities

A survey of ontology-enabled processes for dependable robot autonomy.

Autonomous robots are already present in a variety of domains performing complex tasks. Their deployment in open-ended environments offers endless possibilities. However, there are still risks due to unresolved issues in dependability and trust. Knowledge representation and reasoning provide tools for handling explicit information, endowing systems with a deeper understanding of the situations they face. This article explores the use of declarative knowledge for autonomous robots to represent and reason about their environment, their designs, and the complex missions they accomplish. This information can be exploited at runtime by the robots themselves to adapt their structure or re-plan their actions to finish their mission goals, even in the presence of unexpected events. The primary focus of this article is to provide an overview of popular and recent research that uses knowledge-based approaches to increase robot autonomy. Specifically, the ontologies surveyed are related to the selection and arrangement of actions, representing concepts such as autonomy, planning, or behavior. Additionally, they may be related to overcoming contingencies with concepts such as fault or adapt. A systematic exploration is carried out to analyze the use of ontologies in autonomous robots, with the objective of facilitating the development of complex missions. Special attention is dedicated to examining how ontologies are leveraged in real time to ensure the successful completion of missions while aligning with user and owner expectations. The motivation of this analysis is to examine the potential of knowledge-driven approaches as a means to improve flexibility, explainability, and efficacy in autonomous robotic systems.

Portrayal of Socio-Political Consciousness in Dalits in Reference to Sharad Poudel’s Tapan

The article attempts to explore the socio-political consciousness in Dalits for their rights, equality and liberation. Fundamentally, the article studies Sharad Poudel’s social novel “Tapan” (2073 BS) from the Marxist concept of class consciousness connecting with Dalit consciousness. For this purpose, the researcher collects and uses the various criticism and literature to explore how the Dalit literary texts portray the Dalit issues, problems, political and economic disparity, their protest and resolutions based on theoretical and critical analysis. The select novel’s plots, characters and the major themes also reflect the socio-political consciousness in Dalits. Moreover, the article explores that class consciousness develops within the characters and they stand together in the same mission and set goal for their liberation. And, the ideologies and political consciousness make them more responsible for their people and society. The novel as Dalit literature depicts multiple-layers of socio-economic, cultural and political problems of Dalits and their protests against it. The researcher employs the qualitative methods with descriptive and analytical approach.