Mission Purposes Research Articles

Social Entrepreneurship: The Choice Between Labels, Variants, Dedicated and Conventional Corporate Forms

Abstract 85 Around the globe legislators have created labels and dedicated company forms for social enterprises. On the basis of an analysis of US, UK, German, French, Dutch and Belgian law, this article exposes which elements are important (and which are not) in the creation of these labels and forms. First, the distinction between labels and dedicated forms is of relative practical importance. Even dedicated company forms are – like labels – to a large extent governed by general corporate law. This offers advantages in terms of network effects and easy adoption. Creating a completely new corporate form is therefore justified only if there are compelling reasons for a comprehensive overhaul of existing company law. Second, the introduction of labels and dedicated company forms is influenced by the level of stringency with which jurisdictions distinguish between companies and nonprofit forms. For instance, the American benefit corporations and the French ‘raison d’être’ were introduced to explicitly authorize what conventional companies can do elsewhere. Nevertheless, a high degree of flexibility in conventional company law is insufficient to facilitate social entrepreneurship. Mandatory law for social enterprise labels or forms is necessary to credibly signal commitment to a social purpose. Yet, creating labels or dedicated forms for lightly regulated ‘mission purposes’ may generate noise that interferes with this signal. 86

Gospel Selections: The First Book in Inuktitut Syllabics

The syllabic writing system invented for the Cree was first introduced to Inuit in 1855 by Rev. Edwin A. Watkins (1827–1907) at Fort George and Little Whale River on the James Bay and Hudson Bay coasts, respectively. That same year at Fort George, Watkins prepared a small book of gospel selections in Inuktitut syllabics with the help of a young Inuk, Peter Okakterook (circa 1836–1858), and sent it to Rev. John Horden (1828–1893) in Moose Factory, who printed it on the press he had acquired for his mission. This small book is one of the earliest items printed on Horden’s press, and the only one printed in Inuktitut. Only one copy is known to have survived, at Library and Archives Canada, where it is catalogued under the title Selections from the Gospels in the Dialect of the Inuit of Little Whale River. The small volume of eight pages, transliterated into syllabics from Moravian publications prepared in the roman orthography used for Inuttut on the Labrador coast in present-day Nunatsiavut, was intended for use by Inuit in Nunavik. Although printed in syllabics using what are today seen as western Cree syllable-final symbols, the text is readable by and understandable to modern Inuit readers. This paper examines early missionary efforts to develop literacy for mission purposes among Inuit, including the printing and distribution of this small volume.

Sensitivity analysis of the orbital motion around 469219 Kamo’oalewa (2016 HO3) to uncertainties on asteroid mass and solar radiation pressure

• Apply Automatic domain splitting (ADS) to identify motion robustness considering model uncertainties. • Polar orbits are more robust than the equatorial and the inclined ones. • Solar terminator orbit has the best robustness among all the polar orbits. • Robust motion exists even for very small bodies with weak gravity fields. • ADS could provide fast estimation of the state bounds. This study investigates the robustness of orbital motion in the vicinity of the asteroid 469219 Kamo'oalewa (2016 HO 3 ) considering the uncertainties of its mass and the solar radiation pressure. By applying the automatic domain splitting algorithm, these uncertainties are propagated and their effects on orbits with different geometries are investigated. Moreover, the bounds of the state flow are also evaluated along the propagation as an indicator of the motion sensitivity to uncertainties. An analysis of the results obtained shows that polar orbits are more robust to these uncertainties than equatorial and inclined orbits. Specifically, the solar terminator orbit is bounded within a small range and has the best robustness among all the polar orbits, thus can be used for practical mission purposes. Our studies prove that robust orbits exist even for very small bodies with weak gravity fields. Therefore, this work contributes to systematically identifying robust motions near an asteroid when uncertainties of the gravity and the SRP are simultaneously considered, addressing the challenge of real mission operations.

지속 가능한 선교 관점에서 본 한국선교 전략 고찰

Korean missionary work moved forward along with the growth of Korean churches and the economy. During the 19th century, Korea shifted from labor-intensive industries to manufacturing industries. Now, in Fourth Industrial Revolution, Korea is responding strategically to industries in all nations. Undoubtedly Korean churches grew significantly in the past few decades. However, the Korean missionary strategy sought to transplant the Korean pastoral method rather than establishing a missionary theology suitable for the site. It lacked collaboration and rejected funding in real estate for mission purposes. Problems remain despite the immens growth of Korea. Therefore, Korean missionary strategies to achieve sustainable missionary work in the New Normal era are contemplated in this study.

Constructive schemes to spacecraft attitude control with low communication frequency using sampled-data and encryption approaches

PurposeRecent spacecraft attitude control systems tend to use wireless communication for cost-saving and distributed mission purposes while encountering limited communication resources and data exposure issues. This paper aims to study the attitude control problem with low communication frequency under the sampled-data.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose constructive control system structures based on quantization and event-triggered methods for intra-spacecraft and multi-spacecraft systems, and they also provide potential solutions to shield the control system's data security. The proposed control architectures can effectively save communication resources for both intra-spacecraft and multi-spacecraft systems.FindingsThe proposed control architectures no longer require sensors with trigger-ing mechanism and can achieve distributed control schemes. This paper also provides proposals of employing the public key encryption to secure the data in control-loop, which is transmitted by the event-triggered control mechanism.Practical implicationsSpacecraft attempts to use wireless communication, yet the attitude control system does not follow up promptly to accommodate these variations. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed control structures can save communication resources of control-loop in multi-sections effectively, and systematically, by rationally configuring the location of quantization and event-triggered mechanisms.Originality/valueThis paper presents several new control schemes and a necessary condition for the employment of encryption algorithms for control systems based on event-based communication.

Research of Student-teachers' Recognition on Korean Education for Specific Purposes - Focusing on Korean Education for Mission Purposes with Bibles

Research of Student-teachers' Recognition on Korean Education for Specific Purposes - Focusing on Korean Education for Mission Purposes with Bibles

Una perspectiva antropológica de las organizaciones desde la caracterización sociocultural, administración y contabilidad social. Caso institución de educación superior

<p>Este estudio se enfocó en<strong> </strong>identificar desde la antropología cultural las relaciones culturales e interculturales y socioeducativas que se establecen en las organizaciones y su incidencia en el clima laboral para el logro de los propósitos misionales, desde la perspectiva de la administración y la contabilidad social. Se estudió una institución de educación superior, perteneciente al sector de la economía solidaria; el alcance fue el conocimiento del tejido social de las organizaciones para mostrar cómo desde la comprensión de las relaciones y los significados que se establecen en la organización pueden llegar a mayor productividad. Los indicadores cualitativos permiten evaluar ventajas comparativas de la gestión del talento humano en función del conocimiento, los aprendizajes y el compromiso con los propósitos misionales u organizacionales. Los instrumentos para recolección de información fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y observación participante. Las categorías emergentes son relaciones laborales, cultura e interculturalidad, aspectos socioeducativos y adaptación. </p>

Simulation of Low Thrust Spacecraft Guided Motion for a Number of Missions in the Solar System

Models of spacecraft guided motion in the gravitational fields of different configurations were developed. Parameterization of the optimal control laws for all the trajectory segments of the spacecraft moving in the N-body gravitational field was realized. The dependence patterns of control laws on mission purposes were determined. The simulation of the number of missions in the Solar system was performed: low Earth orbit – L1 and L2 of the Earth-Moon and the Sun-Earth systems, L1 – L2 and L2 – L1 of the Earth-Moon and the Sun-Earth systems, low Earth orbit – asteroid Eros, low Earth orbit – Venus, low Earth orbit – Mars. Moreover, the Venus gravity assist maneuver was considered.

A missional study of the use of social media (Facebook) by some Ghanaian Pentecostal Pastors

Social media as a new phenomenon has become a tool used by many televangelists and pastors all over the world. It is against this background that this research sought to explore the Facebook activities of some Ghanaian Pentecostal pastors from a missional perspective. The article deals with the concept of social media, Facebook and its potential for mission purposes, the Facebook phenomenon among Ghanaians and how Ghanaian Pentecostal Pastors are using Facebook for missional purposes, as well as some of concerns on the negative uses of social media. The study revealed that Ghanaian pastors are followed by people from different religious and societal backgrounds. It has also offered the pastors and their congregations the opportunity to form relationships with a wide and diverse range of people without being bound by geographical space. Sosiale media as nuwe fenomeen het ‘n instrument geword wat deur meeste TV-evangeliste en pastore regoor die wêreld gebruik word. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat die Facebookaktiwiteite van sommige Ghanese Pentekostale pastore vanuit ‘n missionale perspektief ondersoek word. In hierdie artikel word die volgende ondersoek: Die konsepte van sosiale media en Facebook, veral dan in terme van hulle potensiaal vir missionale doeleindes; die Facebookfenomeen, spesifiek onder die Ghanese; en die wyse waarop Ghanese Pentekostale pastore van Facebook gebruik maak vir missionale doeleindes. Die navorsing bevind dat Ghanese pastore deur mense van verskillende godsdienstige en sosiale agtergronde op sosiale media gevolg word. Dit bied aan pastore en hulle geloofsgemeenskappe die geleentheid om verhoudings met ‘n wye verskeidenheid mense te ontwikkel, sonder om deur die grense van geografiese gesitueerdheid beperk te word.

Sensor-based Autonomous Path-Planner for Sea-Bottom Exploration and Mosaicking

A typical mission for an underwater vehicle is to research and map OOIs (Objects Of Interest). Objects Of Interest are specified in connection with the mission purposes, relevant examples span from biological species (e.g. seagrass or coral colonies) to artifacts (e.g. ship wrecks). For their research and mapping the deployment of Autonomous and Remotely Operated Vehicles is becoming the state-of-art, due to their ease of performing difficult operations in a safe way. Moreover, photo-mosaicking tools can be used to provide a complete map of the explored area. In order to achieve this aim, the navigation usually relies on simple lawn-mower or zig-zag patterns, where an area is scanned extensively to collect the pictures, that would be analyzed, processed and stitched after the mission. This paper aims to increase the autonomy of underwater vehicles that are equipped with a still-picture camera by using a deliberative, sensor-driven planning strategy. By sensing the environment extracting its information from the pictures, the path can be defined on-the-fly, in order to increase the collected data.

Stress and Thermal Analysis of CubeSat Structure<sup></sup>

This paper presents the stress and thermal analysis on the CubeSat structure to study the survivability of the CubeSat during the launching process or operating condition at the orbit is presented. Various design of mechanical structures were analyzed to determine the best design for different mission requirements. Analysis on the temperature of the batteries will be conducted as it is one of the most critical components that must operate in the required temperature to avoid failure of the CubeSat. ANSYS 13.0 was used to simulate both the structural and thermal analysis. Static structural was used to study the impact of G-force on the CubeSat during the launching process and Icepak was used to study the internal temperature. All of the result will be compiled in the table and comparisons were made among different designs to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each design. Results from simulation such as: safety factor, weight, internal available space and battery discharge rate were analyzed. From the findings, there is no best design in the CubeSat structure but only the most suitable design for the mission purposes. Battery discharge rate will play an important role to determine the requirement of heater in CubeSat.

Reinventing the Extracurriculum: The Educational and Moral Purposes of College Student Activities and Experiences

The college extracurriculum, which is comprised of nonacademic student activities and experiences that occur outside the parameters of formal course work, provides one of the most important influences on the moral beliefs and behaviors of students during the college years. This article will examine some of the positive and negative moral influences of the extracurriculum and discuss how colleges and universities can better connect extracurricular activities to the moral mission and academic purposes of the institution.

Small satellite REIMEI for auroral observations

This paper describes the outline and the five years' on-orbit results of the small scientific satellite REIMEI for aurora observations and demonstrations of advanced small satellite technologies. REIMEI is a small satellite with 72 kg mass, and is provided with three-axis attitude control capabilities for aurora observations. REIMEI was launched into a nearly sun synchronous polar orbit on Aug. 23rd, 2005, from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, by Dnepr rocket. REIMEI satellite has been satisfactorily working on the orbit for five years at present as of January, 2011. Three-axis control is achieved with accuracy of 0.1° (3 σ). Multi-spectrum images of aurora are taken with 8 Hz rate and 2 km spatial resolution to investigate the aurora physics. REIMEI is performing the simultaneous observation of aurora images and particle measurements. REIMEI indicates that even a small satellite launched as a piggy-back can successfully perform unique scientific mission purposes.

Making Liberia an AIDS Free Nation

Background From continous testing of admitted patients it has been emphatically stated by the Liberian National AIDS Control (LNACP) that the rate of infection on our growing population in term of those infected with the virus are increasing immensely. Many people do not really believe that AIDS is real. People are dying ignorantly from the virus. Other people just believe that something just have to kill someone. In the year 2004 the rate of infection was estimated to be 11–12 % of the approximately 3 million people in Liberia. By this time we are optimistic that there is an increase in the infection rate which is basically caused by the high rate of illiteracy, the influx of more foreigners or aliens on peace mission and business purposes, the high rate of poverty (80–90%) also cause by the high rate of unemployment leaving many people vulnerable to the virus.