Missing Elements Research Articles

How do pre-service science teachers evaluate the persuasiveness of a socioscientific argument?

ABSTRACT The aim of this mixed-method study is twofold: The first aim concerns pre-service science teachers' (PSTs) perceptions about what makes an argument persuasive. At the first phase, an in-depth analysis of their views about persuasiveness of different quality level arguments in three socioscientific contexts which were global climate change, base stations, and hydro-electric power plants was conducted. For this purpose, 91 PSTs were enrolled by filling a questionnaire including ill-structured arguments with missing elements such as claim, data, warrant, backing, and rebuttal or irrational connections among these elements. The second aim examines how explicit formal argumentation instruction contributes to the improvement of PSTs' views about persuasiveness of an argument and their provided criteria about persuasive argument. At the second phase, argumentation instruction was conducted with 15 PSTs out of 91; the PSTs were interviewed before and after the instruction to find out the changes in their perceptions about persuasiveness of an argument. The findings from the first phase revealed that the PSTs evaluate persuasiveness of the socioscientific arguments regarding five different characteristics such as ‘elements of argument', ‘content of argument', ‘rhetoric of argument', ‘characteristics of arguer', and ‘argumentative relationship with SSI'. The findings from the second phase revealed that explicit instruction improved PSTs’ awareness about argument elements that should be in a persuasive argument, and that while PSTs were merely able to imply before instruction, yet the PSTs were more able to explain in an explicit way that all elements should be used in a persuasive argument after explicit instruction.

Tensor completion via bilevel minimization with fixed-point constraint to estimate missing elements in noisy data

In this work, we consider the tensor completion problem of an incomplete and noisy observation. We introduce a novel completion model using bilevel minimization. Therefore, bilevel model-based denoising for the tensor completion problem is proposed. The denoising and completion tasks are fully separated. The upper-level directly addresses the completion problem with the truncated nuclear norm, while the lower-level uses the sparsity prior which is characterized by the l1-norm for the denoising task. Furthermore, we propose a simple strategy to solve our bilevel optimization problem. It formulates the lower-level as a fixed-point equation and then applies a simple but efficient iterative algorithm to get the reconstructed tensor. Numerically, the superiority of the proposal is reported via several experiments conducted on real data with an extremely small subset of observed entries.

Use of Standardized History and Physical Examination for Neurosurgical Patients Improves Clinical Documentation and Reimbursement

Documentation is the cornerstone of good patient care and vital to proper coding and billing. Consistent and standardized documentation improves communication among physicians and can lead to better reimbursement. By understanding which elements in the neurosurgery history and physical examination are omitted the most often and the effects on the coding level, institutional-specific solutions can be implemented. We performed a retrospective study of neurosurgical patients at a single academic institution who undergone a neurosurgery history and physical examination for an initial inpatient admission from July 2015 to July 2016. The data collected included documentation type (typed, dictated, dynamic documentation without a template, neurosurgery history and physical examination template [NHPT]) and ultimate coding level (1, 2, or 3) determined by a review by a professional coder. A total of 609 notes were reviewed. Of the 609 notes, 88 (14.4%) were missing an element of documentation. The most common missing element was the physical examination (40 of 88; 45.5%), followed by a combination (27 of 88; 30.7%), review of systems (14 of 88; 15.9%), and medical, family, and/or social history (7 of 88; 8.0%). The dynamic documentation without template notes had the highest percentage of missing elements (49 of 96; 51.0%), followed by the typed notes (7 of 49; 14.3%) and dictated notes (30 of 268; 11.2%) compared with the NHPT notes (2 of 196; 1.0%). The most common missing elements for inpatient neurosurgery documentation were the review of systems and physical examination. The documents with the highest percentage of missing elements were those that used dynamic documentation without a template. We recommend implementing a dedicated NHPT to improve capturing these elements for improved clinical documentation. Such changes could also improve the coding level and subsequent reimbursement.

A Financial Literate Woman Can breaks the Boundaries of Biasness through Better Understanding of Investment Decisions

Behavioral factors that compel people to engage in decision-making studies may help people make better investment decisions on a number of important decisions. Women entrepreneurs in emerging markets are often confronted with these issues and their investment decisions can be complicated. We argued that, in addition to heuristics and behavioral influences, women's financial literacy is an important factor in making rational decisions. We collected data from registered women entrepreneurs using a proportionate stratified sampling approach. The data analysis software SMART-PLS is used. The results showed that financial literacy plays an important role in mediating the relationship between heuristic behavioral factors and investment decisionmaking. Implications for financial practitioners’ and academicians’ understanding of financial literature's mediating role and the significance of age factors are discussed, which are missing elements in the existing literature.

Review on existing VR/AR solutions in human–robot collaboration

During the last decades, there has been wide interest towards creating more agile and reconfigurable automation systems. This includes the research interest towards human–robot collaboration (HRC) solutions, where semi or fully automated process could be combined with human dexterity and flexibility without complexity and inflexibility. However, the communication between the human and the robot is not intuitive, fast or flexible yet. The emerging technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (XR) are seen as good solution candidates for increasing the communication between human and the machine during the design, commission and operation phases. The design of the HRC system includes layout design evaluation, task scenario analysis, robot programming, cycle time calculations, and safety analysis. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality technologies provide immersive experiences to visualize and analyze these procedures. This paper aims to review the current status of virtual and augmented reality solutions in HRC with meta-analysis and highlight missing elements. Finally, future research directions and requirements are presented.

First Draft of Crypto-Asset Regulation (MiCA) with the European Union and Potential Implementation

This article focuses on the very first working draft of new crypto-asset regulation within the European Union. The primary aim of this article is to evaluate the newly defined institutes in the draft and confirm or disprove the hypothesis that this new system of crypto-assets may be implemented to the actual regulation of capital markets as well as payment system, in effect within the European Union. As mentioned above, hypothesis will count on an ideal adoption of the MiCA regulation into the existing legal framework of both, capital markets as well as payments regulation in the European Union, not interfering with existing laws or regulations. Within the first part of this article, synthesis will be used as well as compilation for the description of crypto-asset categories and of the issuers of crypto-assets or crypto-asset service providers. Subsequently, analysis will be applied for the specification of missing elements for the purpose of finding the right connection and implementation into the existing regulation of capital markets and payments industry.

Перспективы использования фото- и видеоизображений, зафиксированных на электронно-цифровых носителях, в раскрытии и расследовании преступлений

The article under consideration reveals the existing problems of using digital media containing photo and video information. It is concluded that the traditional methods of forensic portrait examination are not always applicable, since a significant part of the images are not suitable for research. Proposals have been developed to improve the use of photo and video images by creating specialized data banks: images of famous persons, images of unknown persons, their anthropometric and functional parameters. It is recommended to improve forensic techniques by studying the dynamic characteristics of a person, individual elements of his appearance. It is recommended to pay attention to the possibilities of anthropometric identification by the anatomical elements of the body, where the dimensions of individual parts of the body are taken as signs, and identification is carried out by their totality. It has been established that the dimensions can be set according to known objects in the frame and according to conventional units, where a separate element is taken as a parameter. It is recommended to actively use the existing experience in recreating the missing elements based on the technologies of subjective portraits. The need for analytical work in order to obtain additional forensic information displayed on the frames is indicated. The possibility of searching and identifying persons by their appearance on the Internet using specialized programs is indicated. It is recommended to pay attention to the digital component of the image, by which it is possible to determine the time and place of shooting, the camera model, the conditions in which the shooting was carried out, and obtaining other information. The conclusion is made about the possibility of conducting research of the situation in the framework of forensic-traceological examination.

Problems of Cooperation between the Caspian States: Investment and Legal Aspects

Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate the objective need for legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states in the development of Caspian resources as a starting point for balanced economic cooperation.Tasks. The authors develop baselines for analyzing the state of economic cooperation between the Caspian Five countries, laws and regulations adopted by the Caspian states to regulate interaction in the Caspian Sea; analyze the impact of the current legal regulator of relations on the possibility, nature, and directions of cooperation between the Caspian states in the investment sphere and key sectors (energy, trade, transport, etc.).Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to substantiate approaches to analyzing the legal framework of Caspian economic cooperation, identify key problems of regulating the rights of the Caspian Five states as owners of the Caspian Sea, and propose major directions for solving these problems.Results. Analysis of laws and regulations governing the interaction between the Caspian Five states in the usage of the Caspian Sea and its resources in the context of the current stage of development of their relations shows the uncertainty of the legal status of the Caspian Sea to be the main reason for economic problems in the cooperation between the Caspian states. The identified problems determine the selection of approaches to the formation of the fundamentals of legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states and their application to determining the content of such concepts as “the Caspian Sea as an object of law”, “legal status of the Caspian Sea”, and the principles of formation of norms regulating the legal status of the Caspian Sea serving as the main missing elements of the legal framework of cooperation between the Caspian states – the owners of the Caspian Sea and its resources.Conclusions. Establishing the legal status of the Caspian Sea has become one of the main goals and at the same time a major problem of interaction between the Caspian states in the investment sphere, energy, trade, and transport infrastructure since their unification into the five co-owners of the Caspian Sea. This problem has not been resolved to this day.

Restoration of an 18th century frame: 3D modelling, printing and matching color of decorative flowers elements

This paper describes the application of 3D digital technology to support the rebuild of lost decorative elements of an historical frame. The frame belongs to an 18th century painting depicting the portrait of D. José, Prince of Brazil, displayed at the National Palace of Queluz, Portugal. The application of digital technologies has been planned from the very beginning in order to avoid the traditional use of silicone in the reproduction of missing elements. The photogrammetric 3D acquisition, a non-contact methodology, has been used to reduce the manipulation and hence prevent further degradation of the artistic object. Following the 3D modelling operation, new decorative elements were made using an additive printing technology. In the final phase of the work, the post-printing treatment was carried out, in which aqueous products were used. 3D modelling, in addition to facilitate the restoration treatment of the historic frame, can also be useful in the creation of a digital collection of decorative frame elements, i.e. a virtual database.

Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria

The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged.

A Sustainable Management Model for Cultural Creative Tourism Ecosystems

This article proposes a novel management model for cultural, creative, and historic tourism cities. The creation of the model is based on previous literature and in the study of Barrio de las Letras, in Madrid, to identify the key components to successfully develop creative tourism ecosystems. The model integrates the literature on city center management and, unlike previous studies, incorporates missing elements, such as the role of small businesses associations and collaboration networks among diverse stakeholders to develop a cultural–historic tourism ecosystem. This model represents a proposal that supports the coexistence of the private and public sector and sustainable governance models that integrate the inhabitants of city centers with the economic activity generated by urban tourism. The model was developed by an analysis of secondary sources, interviews with key informants, and questionnaires of entrepreneurs located in a recently invigorated cultural and historic neighborhood. The contribution of knowledge offered by this paper is the proposition of a management model that can aid town centers to create competitive cultural/creative/historic tourism ecosystems while still preserving the sustainability of their social/commercial fabric. Therefore, the collaboration of cultural organizations, hospitality industry and retail can promote cultural, creative, and sustainable management model of historic urban centers.

Various Experimental factors behind the Missing Elements in PIXE Spectrum of Charnockite Matrix

In the chemical characterization of charnokite is well investigated by using PIXE and other analytical techniques, but PIXE not given information about some of elements completely, because every technique including PIXE has proper limitations. To obtain the complete geochemical explanation of matrix charnockite composition, the experimental factors behind missing elements in PIXE at 3 MeV techniques with comparison must known and hence are used for the analysis of matrix compositions related to the earth materials like charnockite. In this study, the results obtained from PIXE compared with other analytical techniques and experimental factors of PIXE are discussed. By investigating the geochemical nature of complex charnockite material, the experimental factors which are related to the missing elements in this study of wide range of elements obtained from PIXE spectrum through the previous analytical techniques have been discussed.

근골격계부담작업의 적절성에 관한 연구

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the problems and appropriateness of musculoskeletal burden work by industry, and to present the improvement direction and efficient implementation so that musculoskeletal burden work can be applied to the workplace.BRBRBackground: The Ministry of Employment and Labor defined the scope of 11 musculoskeletal burden work in 2003. However, controversy continues over the appropriateness of musculoskeletal burden work. There are missing elements such as vibration, job stress, and a subjective load of workers in determining whether musculoskeletal burden work. Also, intermittent work with less than 60 days of work is not included in the musculoskeletal burden work.BRBRMethod: This study was conducted a questionnaire of 127 safety manager, health manager, general worker, and administrative supervisor. Of the 127 respondents, 33.1% respondents were engaged in the manufacturing industry and 66.9% were engaged in the non-manufacturing industry. The main contents of the questionnaire are appropriateness and improvement direction of the 11 musculoskeletal burden work.BRBRResults: The results of the appropriateness of including a subjective load of workers to the evaluation method of musculoskeletal burden work were statistically significant differences by industry. The results of the appropriateness of the 11 musculoskeletal burden work were not statistically significant differences by industry except for No. 4, and 48.6% of respondents replied that the 11 musculoskeletal burden work were not appropriate.BRBRConclusion: The 11 musculoskeletal burden work should be improved to include factors that can cause musculoskeletal disorders such as vibration and job stress. The intermittent criteria of musculoskeletal burden work need to be improved. In addition, by integrating musculoskeletal burden work No. 8 to 10 related to weight handling, it seems necessary to judge the degree of burden on a simple and clear criterion.BRBRApplication: A subdivided criteria is needed so that the criteria for determining musculoskeletal burden work can be applied to various industries. The result of this study can be used as the basic data for research on the improvement of musculoskeletal burden work.

Unsettling Human Rights History in Social Work Education: Seeing Intersectionality

Social workers must locate their work within the history of our profession, while also recognizing how and why particular accounts are constructed, legitimized, and disseminated. The historical context of human rights work is especially significant. This narrative has been shaped by selective attention, which advances some perspectives and erases others. Intersectionality encourages scrutiny of missing elements, calling one to explore what else was happening concurrent with the mainstream account and whose perspectives are absent from the story. This paper illustrates the value of an intersectional frame by examining three erasures from human rights history in social work: the Combahee River Collective, the Black settlement house movement, and the Compton’s Cafeteria Disturbance. The paper closes with implications for social work education in four areas: deconstructing contemporary social work narratives, investigating historical and cultural locations of our knowledge base, theoretically contextualizing intersectional contributions, and respecting intellectual contributions beyond refereed journals and other traditional formats. Intersectionality theory engages marginalized aspects of human rights history in educating professional social workers; however, it must avoid cooptation to maintain its vibrant critique.

Tightening the Screws on PsbA in Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacterial genomes encode several isoforms of the D1 (PsbA) subunit of Photosystem II (PSII). The distinct regulation of each isoform ensures adaptation under changing environmental conditions. Uncovering the missing elements of signal transduction pathways and psbA gene expression could open new avenues in engineering programs of cyanobacterial strains.

DAFNE: A dataset of fresco fragments for digital anastlylosis

• A large publicly available dataset of simulated fresco fragments. • High variety of subjects and conditions. • Different painters and historical periods. • Missing and spurious elements have been considered. Restoring artworks seriously damaged or completely destroyed is a challenging task. In particular, the reconstruction of frescoes has to deal with problems such as very small fragments, irregular shapes and missing pieces. Several attempts have been done to develop new techniques for helping restorers in the matching process, starting from traditional image processing methods to the more recent deep learning approaches. However, as often happens in the Cultural Heritage field, the availability of labeled data to test new strategies is limited, and publicly available datasets contain only few samples. For this reason, in this paper we introduce DAFNE, a large dataset that includes hundreds of thousands of images of fresco fragments artificially generated to guarantee a high variability in terms of shapes and dimensions. Fragments have been obtained starting from 62 images of famous frescoes of various artists and historical periods, in order to consider different artistic styles, subjects and colors.

Henry Moseley, X-ray spectroscopy and the periodic table.

Just over 100 years ago, Henry Moseley carried out a systematic series of experiments which showed that the frequencies of the X-rays emitted from an elemental target under bombardment by cathode rays were characteristic of that element and could be used to identify the charge on its atomic nucleus. This led to a reorganization of the periodic table, with chemical elements now arranged on the basis of atomic number Z rather than atomic weight A, as had been the case in previous tables, including those developed by Mendeleev. Moseley also showed that there were four 'missing elements' before gold. With further measurements up to uranium Z = 92, the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn identified two more missing elements. This paper provides an introduction to Moseley and his experiments and then traces attempts to 'discover' missing elements by X-ray spectroscopy. There were two successes with hafnium (Z = 72) and rhenium (Z = 75), but many blind alleys and episodes of self-deception when dealing with elements 43, 61, 85 and 87. These all turned out to be radioactive, with extremely small natural abundances: all required synthesis by a nuclear reaction, with radiological characterization in the first instance. Finally, the paper moves on to consider the role of X-ray spectroscopy in exploring the periodic table beyond uranium. Although the discovery of artificial radioactive elements with Z > 92 again depended on nucleosynthesis and radiological characterization, measurement of the frequencies or energies of characteristic X-rays remains the ultimate goal in proving the existence of an element. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mendeleev and the periodic table'.

Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics of thorax-pelvis covariation and its potential for predicting the thorax morphology: A case study on Kebara 2 Neandertal

The skeletal torso is a complex structure of outstanding importance in understanding human body shape evolution, but reconstruction usually entails an element of subjectivity as researchers apply their own anatomical expertise to the process. Among different fossil reconstruction methods, 3D geometric morphometric techniques have been increasingly used in the last decades. Two-block partial least squares analysis has shown great potential for predicting missing elements by exploiting the covariation between two structures (blocks) in a reference sample: one block can be predicted from the other one based on the strength of covariation between blocks. The first aim of this study is to test whether this predictive approach can be used for predicting thorax morphologies from pelvis morphologies within adult Homo sapiens reference samples with known covariation between the thorax and the pelvis. The second aim is to apply this method to Kebara 2 Neandertal (Israel, ∼60 ka) to predict its thorax morphology using two different pelvis reconstructions as predictors. We measured 134 true landmarks, 720 curve semilandmarks, and 160 surface semilandmarks on 60 3D virtual torso models segmented from CT scans. We conducted three two-block partial least squares analyses between the thorax (block 1) and the pelvis (block 2) based on the H. sapiens reference samples after performing generalized Procrustes superimposition on each block separately. Comparisons of these predictions in full shape space by means of Procrustes distances show that the male-only predictive model yields the most reliable predictions within modern humans. In addition, Kebara 2 thorax predictions based on this model concur with the thorax morphology proposed for Neandertals. The method presented here does not aim to replace other techniques, but to rather complement them through quantitative prediction of a virtual ‘scaffold’ to articulate the thoracic fossil elements, thus extending the potential of missing data estimation beyond the methods proposed in previous works.

A matrix completion algorithm to recover modes orthogonal to the minimum energy path in chemical reactions.

Structured statistical methods are promising for recovering or completing information from noisy and incomplete data with high fidelity. In particular, matrix completion exploits underlying structural properties such as rank or sparsity. Our objective is to employ matrix completion to reduce computational effort associated with the calculation of multiple quantum chemical Hessians, which are necessary for identification of temperature-dependent free energy maxima under canonical variational transition state theory (VTST). We demonstrate proof-of-principle of an algebraic variety-based matrix completion method for recovering missing elements in a matrix of transverse Hessian eigenvalues constituting the minimum energy path (MEP) of a reaction. The algorithm, named harmonic variety-based matrix completion (HVMC), utilizes the fact that the points lying on the MEP of a reaction step constitute an algebraic variety in the reaction path Hamiltonian representation. We demonstrate that, with as low as 30% random sampling of matrix elements for the largest system in our test set (46 atoms), the complete matrix of eigenvalues can be recovered. We further establish algorithm performance for VTST rate calculations by quantifying errors in zero-point energies and vibrational free energies. Motivated by this success, we outline next steps toward developing a practical HVMC algorithm, which utilizes a gradient-based sampling protocol for low-cost VTST rate computations.

Red Queen in the Repository


 One of the grand curation challenges is to secure metadata quality in the ever-changing environment of metadata standards and file formats. As the Red Queen tells Alice in Through the Looking-Glass: “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” That is, there is some “running” needed to keep metadata records in a research data repository fit for long-term use and put in place. One of the main tools of adaptation and keeping pace with the evolution of new standards, formats – and versions of standards in this ever-changing environment are validation schemas. Validation schemas are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We might like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. Eventually, we come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable, as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account. This should be done already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation/migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.), in order to counter obsolescence.
 This paper investigates possible validation errors and missing elements in metadata records from three general purpose, multidisciplinary research data repositories – Figshare, Harvard’s Dataverse and Zenodo, and explores the potential effects of these errors on future transformation to AIPs and migration to other formats within a digital archive.