Missile Firing Research Articles

3 DOF Lumped Mass Tracked Vehicle Model

A 3 DOF lumped mass tracked vehicle model was constructed in Matlab Simulink Environment and used for positioning the vehicle on gradients and missile firing operations. Pitch center, roll center and system parameters such as equivalent stiffness values, equivalent damping values and equivalent mass/inertias of 3 DOF model were obtained from 32+ degrees of freedom tracked vehicle model by simulations. Moments in pitch and roll directions were applied to the vehicle to find the pitch and roll centers. A range of step forces in bounce direction and a range of step moments in pitch and roll directions were applied to the vehicle and responses in the related directions of 32+ degrees of freedom model were used to determine the system parameters of 3-DOF model. Finally attitude of the vehicle on the gradients and missile firing scenario were simulated with both models and the results showed that 3 DOF model reasonably predicts the behavior of the tracked vehicle.

Community Resilience of Civilians at War: A New Perspective.

A new concept of community resilience pertaining to the community's post adversity strength to vulnerability ratio was associated with five determinants: individual resilience, national resilience, well-being, community size, and sense of coherence. The data was collected four months after Israel's war in the Gaza Strip in 2014. Participants were 251 adult civilians living in southern Israel who have recently been threatened by massive missile attacks, and 259 adults living in northern Israel, which has not been under missile fire recently. The investigated variables predicted community resilience, and their effects were mediated by sense of coherence. Results which were similar for both samples were discussed in terms of the nature of resilience and in terms of proximal and distal exposure to war.

The impact of launcher turret vibrations control on the rocket launch

Abstract The paper discusses the missile lift-off from a launcher placed on a motor vehicle. The stimulation of the assembly vibration results from the input generated by the road and the missile firing. The unfavourable input generated in the course of assembly operation has an impact on the characteristics of the initial missile flight parameters. The aim of the paper is to apply the hybrid vibroisolation system of the launcher turret in order to improve the conditions of the missile launch from the assembly. The active system reducing the occurring disturbance allows to control the launcher turret vibrations. Owing to that it is possible influence effectively the initial missile flight parameters.

Risk and Resilience Factors in Families Under Ongoing Terror Along the Life Cycle

Families of unarmed civilians who live in warzones at political conflict areas are at risk of exposure to traumatic ongoing terrorism (OGT). This paper focuses on families living at the political conflict area by the border of the Gaza Strip at southwestern Israel, who have experienced OGT of missile fire for a decade and a half. Case examples illustrate the nuances and details of traumatic events, such as massive bombing, life threatening situations, evacuation, threat to and loss of life of family members and close friends, and their implications on the family system along life span. Members of these families are at risk of posttraumatic reactions and maladaptive system functioning in relation to the traumatic context of their specific life cycle stage. However, some families have shown potential for developing resilience, related to three main dimensions: belief system, organizational patterns, and communication channels. The objective of the present paper is to shed light, by evidence of families exposed to OGT, on risk and resilience factors affecting a family’s ability to overcome trauma throughout the lifecycle.

Assessment of Emergency Preparedness of Households in Israel for War--Current Status.

In recent decades, many efforts have been made, both globally and locally, to enhance household preparedness for emergencies. In the State of Israel in particular, substantial investment has been made throughout the years in preparing the population for one of the major threats to the civilian population--a rapidly deteriorating regional conflict that involves high-trajectory weapons (ie, rocket and missile fire) launched at the home front. The purpose of this study was to examine the current preparedness level of the Israeli public for this threat and determine the correlates of such preparedness with known factors. A telephone-based, random sampling of 503 households representative of the Israeli population was carried out during October 2013. The questionnaire examined the level of household preparedness as well as attitudes towards threat perception, responsibility, willingness to search for information, and sense of preparedness. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of preparedness in the general population and to find correlates to this preparedness in attitudes and demographic variables. More than half of the sample reported complying with 50% or fewer of the actions recommended by the Israeli Home Front Command. Having an increased sense of preparedness and willingness to search for related information were positively correlated with actual household preparedness, and the latter was also found to be the most predictive variable of household preparedness. Although the overall household preparedness reported is mediocre, the level of preparedness found in this study suggests better preparedness of the population in Israel for its primary threat. The findings suggest that in order to promote preparedness of the Israeli public for war, emphasis should be put on increasing the public demand for information and encouraging people to evaluate their sense of preparedness.

Target Allocation Study for Formation Ship-To- Air Missile System Based on the Missile Fire Zone Division

Target Allocation Study for Formation Ship-To- Air Missile System Based on the Missile Fire Zone Division

Air Ship Missile Carrier Aircraft Attack Array Model Research

This paper studies air defense system kill zone, air ship missile firing mode and air ship missile launch area that impact air ship missile load matrix determine key problems, establishes air ship missile carrier array’s mathematics model, makes simulation calculation of the model, and analyzes simulation results, and gets the influence law of vehicle speed, height, target motion characteristics, deviation angle and pitching angle on attack matrix, and the results can provide reference for determining air ship missile carrier aircraft attack array.

Intrapersonal Resilience Moderates the Association Between Exposure-Severity and PTSD Symptoms Among Civilians Exposed to the 2014 Israel–Gaza Conflict

Among civilians exposed to war trauma, the development of acute anxiety symptoms has been found to be positively associated with the severity of the traumatic exposure but negatively associated with intrapersonal resilience (optimism, hope, and self-esteem). No study to date has examined whether intrapersonal resilience plays a moderating role in the development of acute anxiety among individuals as they are exposed to trauma. This “natural laboratory” study examined the putative role of intrapersonal resilience in moderating the association between exposure-severity and the development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as assessed in vivo (i.e., under life-threatening conditions during exposure to war). A nonclinical community sample of 251 adults was assessed during real-time exposure to missile and rocket fire during an eruption of violence in the Middle East during July and August 2014. The results indicate that the severity of PTSD symptoms was positively associated with severity of exposure to trauma. However, this association was moderated by individual differences in intrapersonal resilience. More specifically, individuals with low levels of intrapersonal resilience reported more PTSD symptoms than those with high levels of intrapersonal resilience in the geographic regions in which individuals were exposed to low and high levels of rocket and missile fire. The findings of this study provide further evidence that intrapersonal resilience may significantly mitigate the development of PTSD symptoms among civilians exposed to potentially traumatic events.

Antiaircraft Missile for the Group Target Shooting Performance Model and Simulation Analysis

Through selecting antiaircraft missile firing on group performance indicators and target shooting performance analysis modeling, digital simulation algorithm for the simulation model with examples, drawn Shots with different parameters of various simulation results, and the conduct of the analysis. This performance assessment and equipment antiaircraft missile system construction is important。

Mathematical foundations of noise reduction in theatre ballistic missile defence radar systems

In theatre missile defence (TMD), early recognition of an enemy theatre ballistic missile (TBM) firing is one of the most vital factors to ensure a successful missile defence. Satellite sensors usually work as the primary means for early confirmation of the TBM firing in TMD because the sensors would be able to cover the widest possible TBM launch area and they can visually confirm the TBM firing in the early stage of TBM flight. As a result, the sea-based TMD, called the navy theatre missile defence, can offer joint power projections with a vital, flexible, and robust TMD capability. However, the development of decoy tactics associated with TBM’s in-flight can cause satellite sensors to go blind and radar is always noise corrupted, thereby generating measurement errors. In this paper, we lay out some mathematical foundations of noise reduction in TBM defence radar systems. The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and this paper does not represent the views of any agency. Finally, all the references cited in this paper are unclassified documents.

Pathological Narcissism and Acute Anxiety Symptoms After Trauma: A Study of Israeli Civilians Exposed to War

Objective: Diathesis-stress models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) hypothesize that exposure to trauma may interact with individual differences in the development of PTSD. Previous studies have not assessed immediate responses to a proximate stressor, but the current “natural laboratory” study was designed to empirically test the role that individual differences in pathological narcissism may play in the development of acute anxiety symptoms among civilians facing rocket and missile fire. Method: We assessed demographic features, trauma exposure severity, narcissistic personality features, and acute anxiety symptoms (PTSD and General Anxiety Disorder [GAD]) among 342 Israeli female adults during the November 2012 eruption of violence in the Middle East. Results: Results demonstrate an association between exposure severity and acute anxiety symptoms (both PTSD and GAD) for individuals with high levels of pathological narcissism but not for those with low levels of pathological narcissism. These results suggest that individuals with narcissistic personality features are at high risk for the development of acute anxiety symptoms following exposure to uncontrollable and life-threatening mass trauma. Conclusion: The findings underscore the role of intra-personal resources in the immediate psychological aftermath of war by highlighting the increased risk associated with narcissistic personality features. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Target Allocation Study for Formation Ship-To-Air Missile System Based on the Missile Fire Zone

Target Allocation Study for Formation Ship-To-Air Missile System Based on the Missile Fire Zone

Analyzing Helicopter Evasive Maneuver Effectiveness Against Rocket-Propelled Grenades

It has long been acknowledged that military helicopters are vulnerable to ground-launched threats, in particular, the RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade. Current helicopter threat mitigation strategies rely on a combination of operational tactics and selectively placed armor plating, which can help to mitigate but not entirely remove the threat. However, in recent years, a number of active protection systems designed to protect land-based vehicles from rocket and missile fire have been developed. These systems all use a sensor suite to detect, track, and predict the threat trajectory, which is then employed in the computation of an intercept trajectory for a defensive kill mechanism. Although a complete active protection system in its current form is unsuitable for helicopters, in this paper, it is assumed that the active protection system’s track and threat trajectory prediction subsystem could be used offline as a tool to develop tactics and techniques to counter the threat from rocket-propelled grenade attacks. It is further proposed that such a maneuver can be found by solving a pursuit–evasion differential game. Because the first stage in solving this problem is developing the capability to evaluate the game, nonlinear dynamic and spatial models for a helicopter, RPG-7 round, and gunner, and evasion strategies were developed and integrated into a new simulation engine. Analysis of the results from representative vignettes demonstrates that the simulation yields the value of the engagement pursuit–evasion game. It is also shown that, in the majority of cases, survivability can be significantly improved by performing an appropriate evasive maneuver. Consequently, this simulation may be used as an important tool for both designing and evaluating evasive tactics and is the first step in designing a maneuver-based active protection system, leading to improved rotorcraft survivability.

Experimental analysis and wear modeling for mechanical components of a typical rail launcher

One of the most important design considerations for rocket launchers is its maintainability and one of the most important parameter which affects the maintainability is wear in launchers. Therefore, for predicting the life-time of a launcher, wear should be investigated beside other parameters such as fatigue etc. In this study, experimental and modeling of dry sliding wear in some mechanical parts of a typical rail launcher, used in helicopters, were made. Firstly, measurements about the material loss, which is generated during firing of missiles, were made on launcher components which have interfaces with missile. Then, these results were used to simulate the wear phenomenon by using a commercial finite element program, ANSYS. By the help of finite element model, crack initiation period depending on wear is tried to be evaluated without making additional firing tests.

Counterterrorism, Dignity, and the Rule of Law

Counterterrorism, Dignity, and the Rule of Law

Developing a Dynamic Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Motion on Ground during Takeoff Phase

Modeling of take-off and landing motion for a fixed wing (UAV) is necessary for developing an automatic take off and landing control system (ATOL). Automatic take off and landing system becomes an important system due to wide spread of unmanned aerial vehicles in different applications ranging from intelligence, surveillance, up to missile firing. Automatic take off and landing system reduces damage to an unmanned aerial vehicle and its payload that may be caused by human pilot errors. Furthermore, training human pilot to a sufficient level of skill and experience for takeoff and landing may take several years and significant cost. A human pilot also may impose additional restrictions for UAV operation especially at night time or dusty desert conditions. Although, ATOL adds complexity to the system, it reduces the long run cost and risk caused by takeoff and landing process, and makes UAV takeoff from different runways and at different atmospheric conditions. A mathematical model for takeoff is successfully developed for a small fixed wing UAV. A Matlab/Simulink simulation model is prepared for the ground roll phase, and some simulation results are also shown.

Calculation of Ammunition Consumption for Anti-aircraft Missile System to Destroy Aerial Targets

Abstract The required ammunition consumption for anti-aircraft missile system to destroy aerial targets is a random variable. This paper proposes calculation method of ammunition consumption for the missile system to destroy aerial targets, which can calculate the average ammunition consumption for the missile system to destroy a single target, thin targets and dense targets respectively. The example shows the proposed calculation method is simple, and can support anti-aircraft missile firing operations.

When home isn't a safe haven: Insecure attachment orientations, perceived social support, and PTSD symptoms among Israeli evacuees under missile threat.

This study examined a theoretically based mediation model including intensity of trauma exposure, adult attachment, perceived social support, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample consisted of 135 Israeli students who were evacuated from a college campus located near the Israel–Gaza border in response to increased missile fire in the area. An Internet-based data collection procedure was used to survey the evacuees, who remained within the affected region. Individuals at different locations within the affected area were exposed to different levels of trauma intensity. Results indicated that intensity of trauma exposure did not affect levels of PTSD symptoms or perceived social support. Structural equation modeling showed that the link between attachment anxiety and PTSD symptoms is mediated by low levels of perceived social support. These findings underscore the role of interpersonal resources in the psychological sequelae of exposure to a continuous, life-threatening situation by highlighting the negative role played by low perceived social support among insecurely attached individuals exposed to missile attacks. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescents under rocket fire: when are coping resources significant in reducing emotional distress?

Stress reactions and coping resources of adolescents in chronic and acute situations evoked by missile fire were examined. Data were gathered during August 2006 (Second Lebanon War) on a sample of 303 Israeli adolescents living in Northern Israel (acute state) and 114 youths from Sderot and the Negev, an area which has been exposed to frequent rocket attacks in the last seven years (chronic state). State anxiety and psychological distress were measured as stress reactions. Sense of coherence, family sense of coherence, sense of community and level of exposure were investigated as potential explanatory factors in reducing emotional distress. The overall magnitude of variance explanation was found to be different at each state: a relatively high amount explained variance of stress reactions was found in the chronic stress situation, but not in the acute state. These data support the value of developing a model that differentiates stress situations with the aim of understanding patterns of significant resources in moderating stress reactions in each state.

The Apache Longbow–Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Ecological Risk Assessment for Missile Firing

ABSTRACT A multiple stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. This article describes the ecological risk assessment for the missile launch and detonation. The primary stressor associated with this activity was sound. Other minor stressors included the detonation impact, shrapnel, and fire. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using the Army sound contour program BNOISE2, as well as distances from the explosion to deer. Few effects data were available from related studies. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of human “disturbance” and hearing damage thresholds in units of C-weighted decibels (sound exposure level) and a distance-based No-Observed-Adverse-Effects Level for moose and cannonfire. The risk characterization used a weight-of-evidence approach and concluded that risk to mule deer behavior from the missile firing was likely for a negligible number of deer, but that no risk to mule deer abundance and reproduction is expected.