Miscellaneous Methods Research Articles

A survey of experimental techniques in surface chemical physics

Abstract

Vinylisothiocyanate ‐ eine interessante Substanzklasse konjugierter Heterokumulene

AbstractIsothiocyanates having the NCS‐group bound directly to the CC‐bond — the vinyl isothiocyanates — are of high synthetic interest because this type of heterodienes is a suitable precursor for heterocyclic compounds and derivatives of thiocarbamic acid. They cannot be prepared by standard methods.In this review we report 1) the synthesis of vinyl isothiocyanates by the reaction of nitrogen compounds with thiophosgene and other sulphur compounds, SNV‐reactions, elimination of HX, addition of HSCN to alkynes, cleavage of heterocycles and by miscellaneous methods 2) structure and reactivity of the vinyl isothiocyanates and 3) the reactions of these conjugated mustard oils with numerous nucleophiles and their behaviour as heterocumulenes in cycloaddition reactions.

Research and methods

Quality and Reliability Engineering InternationalVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 136-140 Miscellaneous Research and methods First published: April/June 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.4680030212AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume3, Issue2April/June 1987Pages 136-140 RelatedInformation

Research and methods

Quality and Reliability Engineering InternationalVolume 3, Issue 1 p. 64-65 Miscellaneous Research and methods First published: January/March 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.4680030112AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume3, Issue1January/March 1987Pages 64-65 RelatedInformation

Detectors for liquid chromatography

Refractive Index Detector Absorption Detectors for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography FTIR Detection Indirect Absorbance Detectors Fluorometric Detection Polarimetric Detectors Detection Based on Electrical and Electrochemical Measurements Mass Spectrometry as an On-Line Detector for HPLC Miscellaneous Methods Index.

Performance Characteristics of Methods of Analysis Used for Regulatory Purposes. I. Drug Dosage Forms. E. Miscellaneous Methods

Precision parameters of miscellaneous methods for the analysis of drug dosage forms approved by AOAC since 1972, and not previously reviewed in this series, were recalculated on a consistent statistical basis by using the computer program FDACHEMIST. Seventeen published collaborative studies were reviewed; the studies encompassed 19 analytes in 80 different materials (dosage forms), 102 collaborative assays, approximately 10 laboratories per study, and principally direct spectrophotometric, polarographic, and spectroscopic methods, for a total of 1451 determinations. The average repeatability relative standard deviation (within-laboratories, RSDo) for the instrumental methods was 1.5%; the reproducibility relative standard deviation (among-laboratories, including within-, RSDx) was 2.6%; the ratio RSDo/RSDx of the averages was 0.57, with an average outlier rate of 2.7% of the reported determinations. The line of best fit of RSDx for the instrumental methods plotted against the negative logarithm of the concentration increases slightly with decreasing concentration, extending from an RSDx of approximately 2.0% at 100% concentration to an RSDx of 3.4% at 0.001% (10 ppm) concentration; this represents an RSDx change of approximately 0.3% (absolute) for each 10-fold decrease in concentration, independent of analyte, matrix, and method. A method for determining precipitated allergenic protein by the micro-Kjeldahl technique appeared to be outside this general relation, showing an RSDx of about 13% at a concentration of 0.015% (150 ppm) nitrogen.

Spectral data bases for chemical compound identification

The status of the large data bases for identifying unknown compounds by the use of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry and mass spectrometry is discussed. The paper reviews various spectra-encoding methods and library search techniques. The efficiency of identification of components in mixtures is evaluated from the point of view of information theory and miscellaneous methods toi separate the spectra of pure compounds are mentioned. Finally, the possibilities of interpretation of spectra not included in the spectra data base are summarized.

6 - Miscellaneous Methods for Assessment of Articular Disease

6 - Miscellaneous Methods for Assessment of Articular Disease

Methods of Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids and Esters

The aim of this review is to present a description of the preparative methods for dithiocarboxylic acids and esters reported in the recent literature. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids via Organometallic Reagents 2.1. Syntheses Employing Grignard Reagents 2.2. Syntheses Involving Organoalkali Metal or Organocopper Compounds 3. Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids via Sulphurisation 4. Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids Involving Nucleophilic Attack on Carbon Disulphide 5. Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids and Esters Based on Participation of Carbon Disulphide in Friedel-Crafts Reactions 6. Methods for the Preparation of Cyclic Dithiocarboxylic Esters (Dithiolactones) 7. Synthesis of Tetrathiodicarboxylic Acids and Esters 8. Miscellaneous Methods of Synthesis of Dithiocarboxylic Acids and Esters 9. Addendum

Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research (2nd ed.).

This text develops the science of biometry from an elementary introduction up to the advanced methods necessary for biological research and for an understanding of the published literature. This text is aimed primarily at the academic biologist including general zoologists botanists microbiologists geneticists and physiologists in universities research institutes and museums. This book while furnishing ample directions for the analysis of experimental works also stresses the descriptive and analytical statistical study of biological phenomena. It is intended both as a text to accompany a lecture course and as a complete course for self-study. The book aims to instill in students an ability to think through biological research problems in such a way as to grasp the essentials of the experimental or analytical setup to know which types of statistical tests to apply in a given case and to carry out the computations required. Chapters cover biological data data handling descriptive statistics probability estimation and hupothesis testing analysis of variance linear regression correlation multiple and curvilinear regression analysis of frequencies and miscellaneous methods.

ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF SPIROBENZYLISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS

AbstractReview: (I. Synthese aus I. Indanonen; 2. aus Protoberberinen; 3. aus Phthalidisochinolinen; 4. nach verschiedenen anderen Methoden.

Advances in the Analysis of Toxic Heavy Elements Having Variable Chemical Forms

Recent advances in the development of analytical techniques that permit the chemical speclatlon of various forms of selected heavy elements is discussed. In particular, the various chemical forms of arsenic, mercury, and lead are described with reference to their quantitative assessment in various media. The methods employed in this fashion include gas-liquid chromatography, the various types of atomic absorption spectrometry, absorption spectrophotometry, end miscellaneous methods. Where possible, comments are Included regarding the media studied, lower detection limits, accuracy, and precision data.

Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Spirobenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids

AbstractThe synthesis and biosynthesis of the spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids is reviewed. The methods of synthesis are discussed under four headings: from indanones, from protoberberines, from phthalideisoquinolines, and miscellaneous methods.

Recent Synthetic Methods for Pyrroles and Pyrrolenines (2H- or 3H-Pyrroles)

The methods employed in the synthesis of monocyclic pyrroles and pyrrolenines (2H- and 3H-pyrroles) have been surveyed. The procedures have been classified according to the type of precursor used (cyclic or acyclic) in the production of the pyrrole system. 1. Pyrroles from Cyclic Precursors 1.1. Ring Substitution Reactions 1.2. Substituent Alteration Reactions 1.3. Elimination Reactions 1.4. Rearrangement Reactions 1.5. Ring Expansion Reactions 1.6. Ring Contraction Reactions 2. Pyrroles from Acyclic Precursors 2.1. Mucic Acid 2.2. Dicarbonyl Compounds 2.3. Acyloins 2.4. Unsaturated Compounds 2.5. Azines 2.6. Enamines 2.7. Amino Carbonyl Compounds or Precursors (Knorr Method) 2.8. Halo Carbonyl Compounds 3. Pyrrolenine (2H- and 3H-Pyrrole) Syntheses 3.1. Alkylation Methods 3.2. lsomerization Methods 3.3. Ring Closure Methods 3.4. Oxidative Methods 3.5. Miscellaneous Methods

STRUCTURAL, RHEOLOGICAL AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT PARAFFINS.

Various aspects of soft paraffins, with the main emphasis on their rheological properties, are considered in a review of 119 references. Rheological test methods currently used are critically appraised in sections on penetrometry, continuous shear viscometry, oscillatory testing and creep analysis. The chemical nature, microscopic structure, miscellaneous methods of standardisation, formulation and work softening of petrolatums are reviewed. The textural properties of soft paraffins are discussed; a master curve of the rheological conditions operative during spreading on the skin is presented.

Application of chemical methods for the assessment of beef quality. IV. Physicochemical and miscellaneous methods.

AbstractMethods which are used either to assess physicochemical changes during beef spoilage or to measure general effects not necessarily related to the breakdown of protein or fat directly are considered in relation to various criteria discussed in Part I. From the point of view of routine quality control, measurements of the extract‐release volume and pH appear to be useful for spoilage assessment, provided that allowance is made for the differing results obtained during the pre‐rigor period. From statistical correlations with odour scores most meats were considered acceptable provided that the ERV (extract‐release volume, using the standardised method described) was at least 17 ml. The pH of the meat should preferably not exceed about 6.0. The joint use of total volatile nitrogen, free fatty acids, and ERV for deciding upon general acceptability in industrial control is considered.

X-ray diffraction analysis (concluded). Part 6. Single crystal methods (continued) and miscellaneous methods

Examines single-crystal counter methods, manually operated counter diffractometers, automated counter diffractometers, and related, miscellaneous techniques.

Progress in quantitative inorganic analysis: 1960

The large increase in the number of papers dealing with the micro-determination of inorganic substances within the last several years has made necessary a selection of representative papers rather than a comprehensive review or a complete coverage of the field. This report includes published information collected by the abstractors of the Microchemical Journal in 1960. As in past reports, the topics will be divided into four categories: ( a) gravimetric micromethods, ( b) titrimetric micromethods, ( c) instrumental methods, ( d) miscellaneous methods.

GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 1954

Geophysical activity in explorations for petroleum on a global scale in 1954 was 6.3% lower than the record high of 1953. Notable increases in geophysical effort in Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East were not sufficient to overcome the very substantial decreases in the United States and Canada. The reduction occurred mainly in seismic operations, which decreased globally by 8.4%. Gravity activity was on the increase almost everywhere with the world‐wide rise of 7.1%. Magnetic and miscellaneous other geophysical methods also showed moderate increases in the neighborhood of one percent.

Characterisation of Organic Compounds

ADVANCED students of organic chemistry and also research workers in this field will find in Dr. Wild's book a useful and comprehensive guide in the characterization and identification of organic compounds belonging to most of the ordinary types. The work is essentially for use in the laboratory ; it affords practical details, either directly or through references to the literature, for the preparation of suitable derivatives and of the special reagents needed ; and there are reference tables for each important type of characterizing compound described. Details for the preparation and application of some of the newer and less familiar reagents are particularly useful. As an example of the treatment adopted, the preparation of solid derivatives of alcohols is de scribed, within the compass of eleven pages, by means of esterification with acid chlorides, isocyanates, azides, acid anhydrides and pseudo-saccharin chloride; several miscellaneous methods follow. An appended table gives the boiling-point or melting-point of the original substance and of a maximum of fourteen derivatives for a list of fifty-seven alcohols. The book is well documented, indexed and printed. An introductory section contains eleven diagrams of apparatus. Characterisation of Organic Compounds Dr. F. Wild By. Pp. viii + 306. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1947.) 18s. net.