Miscanthus Sinensis Var Research Articles

Chemical Composition of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Flower Absolute and Its Beneficial Effects on Skin Wound Healing and Melanogenesis‐Related Cell Activities

Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (MSP, flame grass) is found in Korea, Japan, and China, and its biological activities include anti-cancer, detoxifying, vasodilatory, antipyretic, and diuretic effects. However, no study has investigated the effects of MSP on skin-related biological activities. In this study, we explored the effects of the absolute extracted from the MSP flowers (MSPFAb) on skin wound healing- and whitening-related responses in keratinocytes or melanocytes. MSPFAb contained 6 components and induced the proliferation, migration, and syntheses of type I and IV collagens in keratinocytes. MSPFAb also increased the phosphorylations of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with MSPFAb decreased serum-induced melanoma cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in α-MSH-stimulated melanoma cells. Taken together, this study indicates MSPFAb may promote wound healing- and whitening-associated activities in dermal cells, and suggests that it has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.

Effect of Resin Impregnation Ratio on the Properties of Ceramics Made from Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Particle Boards

For the purpose of finding new uses for Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, this study first constructed boards with the particles of the plant and impregnated them with phenolic resin at resin impregnation rates of 30 ± 2%, 40 ± 2%, 50 ± 2%, and 60 ± 2%. The impregnated boards were then carbonized at the carbonization temperature of 800℃, after which their density and mechanical properties were examined according to the different resin impregnation rates. The results showed that density, flexural strength performance, Brinell hardness, and compressive strength increased as the resin impregnation rate increased, thus affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics made of M. sinensis var. purpurascens particles.

Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sesame Oil Using Cellulosic Aerogel.

The effect of cellulosic aerogel treatments used for adsorption of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene [BaP]—generated during the manufacture of sesame oil was evaluated. In this study, eulalia (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens)-based cellulosic aerogel (adsorbent) was prepared and used high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determination of PAHs in sesame oil. In addition, changes in the sesame oil quality parameters (acid value, peroxide value, color, and fatty acid composition) following cellulosic aerogel treatment were also evaluated. The four PAHs and their total levels decreased in sesame oil samples roasted under different conditions (p < 0.05) following treatment with cellulosic aerogel. In particular, highly carcinogenic BaP was not detected after treatment with cellulosic aerogel. Moreover, there were no noticeable quality changes in the quality parameters between treated and control samples. It was concluded that eulalia-based cellulosic aerogel proved suitable for the reduction of PAHs from sesame oil and can be used as an eco-friendly adsorbent.

Growth and Physological Characteristics of Seven Garden Perennials to Flooding

With the aim of selecting plants suitable rain gardens and smal reservoir parks where dry and wet spaces are repeatedly, this study examined growth characteristics of Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Liatris spicata, Aster koraiensis, Aster spathulifolius, Aster ageratoides ‘Variegata’, and Carex maculate. This flooding experiment were examined under 2 moisture conditions: base flooding with a 30% water level maintained and over flooding where plants were repeatedly submerged for 3 days and non replenishment for 4days under water. M. sinensis and L. spicata showed a decrease in the amount of photosynthesis by 21.4% when being base flood and by 60.4% when being over flood, but it did not show any difference in water use efficiency, indicating that is a water stress tolerant species. A. spathulifolius and A. koraiensis showed poor growth when being submerged. During the period, the amount of photosynthesis decreased by over 82.7% and moisture use efficiency increased by 29.2%. They were under water stress but the amount of photosynthesis and water use efficiency were recovered later by normal watering, indicating that they are suitable for rain gardens. A. ageratoides showed a decrease in the amount of photosynthesis when being base flooded but did not show any difference in moisture use efficiency. Their water stress when being over flooded was 79.8% very high and their recovery rate after being flooded was also low, which indicates that they are not suitable for over flood spaces.

Characterization analysis of the 35S rDNA intergenic spacers in Erianthus arundinaceus

The 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) units that occur in tandem repeat are separated by an intergenic spacer (IGS) that plays an important role in rRNA transcription. Moreover, IGS is an important molecular marker for evolutionary research in plants. In the present study, the IGS sequence of Erianthus arundinaceus was isolated and sequenced for the first time. Structure analysis indicated the entire IGS sequence of three typical E. arundinaceus genotypes was highly conserved, with approximately 3087 bp and 67.1% mean GC content. The putative transcription termination, and initiation sites as well as a large number of methylation sites were found to be present in the IGS of E. arundinaceus compared to other plants. The phylogenic tree constructed using the E. arundinaceus IGS sequence showed that Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber was genetically close to Saccharum spp. while E. arundinaceus was close to Imperata cylindrica. Moreover, fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that IGS and pTa71 probes had the same locus at nucleolar organizer regions. Taken together, this work enhances our current understanding of the organization of IGS in E. arundinaceus and provides a molecular evidence for an evolutionary relationship between Saccharum spp., E. arundinaceus, I. cylindrica and M. sinensis var. glaber.

Effect of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Flower Extract on Proliferation and Molecular Regulation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Stressed C57BL/6 Mice.

To investigate the hair growth-promoting effect of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (MSP) flower extracton on in vitro and in vivo models. MSP flower extract was extracted in 99.9% methanol and applied to examine the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro at the dose of 3.92-62.50 μg/mL and hair growth of C57BL/6 mice in vivo at the dose of 1000 μg/mL. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), β-catenin, substance P was measured by relative quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. MSP (7.81 μg/mL) down-regulated TGF-β1 and up-regulated HGF and β-catenin in hDPCs (P<0.01). MSP (1000 μg/mL)-treated mice showed the earlier transition of hair follicles from the telogen to the anagen phase. The number of mast cells was lower in the MSP-treated mice than in other groups (P<0.05 vs. NCS group). Substance P and TGF-β1 were expressed in hair follicles and skin of the MSP group lower than that in negative control. Stem cell factor in hair follicles was up-regulated in the MSP-treated mice (P<0.01). The MSP flower extract may have hair growth-promotion activities.

주왕산국립공원 내 훼손지의 5년간(2010~2014년) 식물상 변화

본 연구는 주왕산국립공원 내 훼손지의 식물상을 조사 및 분석하여 국립공원의 관리를 위한 기초 자료 제공에 목적이 있다. 훼손지 발생 원인의 경우 조사구 1은 답압에 의한 식생 훼손, 조사구 2, 3, 4는 광암사 철거, 조사구 5, 6, 7은 내원마을 철거에 의해 발생된 것으로 전체 조사구는 인위적 교란과 간섭에 의한 것이다. 출현 식물상은 52과 109속 116종 2아종 17변종 등 135분류군이며, 조사구별 식물상 현황은 조사구 6이 가장 많은 52분류군, 조사구 1은 가장 적은 23분류군이다. 희귀식물은 1분류군, 특산식물은 4분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 10분류군, 귀화식물은 9분류군, 생태계교란식물은 1분류군이다. 식피율 변화 분석 결과, 관목층의 경우 조사구 7이 <TEX>$0%{\rightarrow}50%$</TEX>, 초본층의 경우 조사구 5가 <TEX>$75%{\rightarrow}95%$</TEX>로 가장 많이 변하였다. 종수 변화의 경우 대부분 조사구에서 증가하는 경향을 보여 천이에 의해 다양한 종이 이입 또는 발생된 것이다. 이는 시간의 흐름에 따라 천이가 진행되어 발생된 것으로 주변 자연식생과 유사하게 회복되고 있다고 생각된다. 우점종의 경우 관목층은 쇠물푸레나무, 싸리, 붉나무, 조록싸리, 버드나무, 등, 느티나무가, 초본층은 억새, 주름조개풀, 쑥, 바랭이새, 개망초이다. 귀화율과 도시화지수 분석 결과, 귀화율은 시간의 경과에 따라 증감 현상이 있었으며, 도시화지수는 대부분 증가 추세를 보였다. 특히 도시화지수의 증가는 천이과정 상 선구식물인 귀화식물이 지속적으로 이입되었기 때문이다. The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data for management of National Park by surveying and analysing the change of flora of damaged lands in Juwangsan National Park, Korea. In cause of occurring the damaged lands, site-1 was the vegetation damage by stamping, the removing Gwangamsa of site-2, 3, 4 and the removing Naewon village of site-5, 6, 7. Whole sites are caused by the artificial disturbance and interference. The numbers of flora were summarized as 135 taxa including 52 families, 109 genera, 116 species, 2 subspecies and 17 varieties in whole sites. The status of flora by sites, site-6 is the largest number of 52 taxa, site-1 is the lowest of 23 taxa. The rare plant is 1 taxa, 4 taxa of endemic plants, 10 taxa of specific plants by floristic region, 9 taxa of naturalized plants and 1 taxa of invasive alien plant. In the results of analysis about the change of coverage ratio, for this shrub layer, site-7 was changed to the most <TEX>$0%{\rightarrow}50%$</TEX>, and the herb layer, site-5 was changed to the most <TEX>$75%{\rightarrow}95%$</TEX>. In case of the change of species numbers, most sites tended to increase in the sites introduced different species or generated by the growth. It is contemplated that is similar to the restoration with the surrounding natural vegetation that is in progress is a transition occurs with the passage of time. In the dominant species, the shrub layer is Fraxinus sieboldiana, Lespedeza bicolor, Rhus javanica, Lespedezamaximowiczii, Salix koreensis and Zelkova serrata, and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Artemisia princeps, Bothriochloa ischaemum and Erigeron annuus of herb layer. In the results of analysing Naturalized Index(NI) and Urbanized Index(UI), NI was increased or decreased this phenomenon with the lapse of time, UI was the most increase. In particular, the increase in UI is due to the transition process, the pioneering plant, naturalized plant was imported to continue.

역사마을 초가집 화재위험성 평가를 위한 지붕재료 실험분석

역사마을인 한국의 하회 양동 마을은 볏짚지붕으로 된 초가집으로 구성되어 있고 일본의 역사마을인 시라가와고 또한 억새 지붕의 초가집이 존재하고 있다. 지붕재료의 연소특성은 역사마을에서 화재안전 확보를 위하여 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 착화시간(TTI), 유효연소열(Effective Heat of Combustion, EHC), 열방출율(Heat Release Rate, HRR), 총열방출율(Total Heat Release, THR), 질량손실율(Mass Loss Rate, MLR) 등을 콘 칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 측정하여 화재위험성을 평가하였다. 역사마을의 건물과 구조의 화재특성을 예측하는데 볏짚과 억새의 연소 데이터베이스가 이용될 수 있다. 연구결과, 초가지붕의 두 재료 중에서 억새가 볏짚보다 열적 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 초가집 전체 연소시 최소 약 5.68 m 반경 이내의 초가집은 화재확산 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. Hahoe Village and Yangdong Village in Korea have straw-roofed houses and Shirakawa-go in Japan has silver grass-roofed houses. Combustion characteristics of these roof materials need to be identified in order to enhance fire safety in historical villages. This study used cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) and Flammability tester to measure combustion characteristics of thatched-roof materials to analysis hazard assessment in two historical villages. It also analyzed Time to Ignition (TTI), Effective Heat of Combustion (EHC), Heat Release Rate (HRR), Total Heat Release (THR), Mass Loss Rate (MLR) and ignition temperature. Database on combustion characteristics of straw (Oryza sativa) and silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens) will be used to predict fire property of buildings and structures in historical villages. From the result, combustion data shown that Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens has high value than Oryza sativa for fire danger. Straw-roofed houses can be spread where is located within radius 5.68 m from straw-roofed house fires.

Bioethanol Production by Optimal Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens

Bioethanol Production by Optimal Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens

몇몇 지피식물의 비탈면녹화공사 활용성 연구 - 억새, 톨훼스큐, 수크령, 한국잔디 -

Research was initiated to investigate a vegetation characteristics of the species of ground cover plants mixed with herbeceous and woody plants on a cut slope. 4 different ground cover plants (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Festuca arundinacea and Zoysia japonica) were seeded at the same rate of with herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Coreopsis drummondii L) at the total seeding rate of and native woody plants (Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria and Albizzia julibrissin) at the total seeding rate of , respectively. This experiment was treated with 3 replications on a randomized block design. Data such as surface coverage rate(%), the germinating number, plant height and visual quality were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rate and the germinating number. The surface coverage rate and the germinating number were significantly high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively from the viewpoint of ground covers. Especially, the surface coverage rate was considerably low in the Festuca arundinacea plot. However, the surface coverage rate and the germinating number were no statistic differences observed in this treatment from the viewpoint of herbaceous and woody plants. Also, both of the plant height and visual quality were high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively. We concluded that Pennisetum alopecuroides was the optimum plant from the treated ground covers mixed with native woody and herbaceous plants for the balanced emergence from the viewpoint of the ecological slope vegetation.

탄화온도별로 제조된 거대억새 세라믹의 비파괴 휨강도 평가

공진주파수 모드를 이용하는 비파괴 평가기술법을 거대억새 파티클 보드를 페놀수지로 함침한 후 탄화온도별(600, 800, 1000, <TEX>$1200^{\circ}C$</TEX>)로 제조한 세라믹에 적용하였다. 동적 탄성계수와 정적 휨 탄성계수는 탄화온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 휨 강도에 대한 동적 탄성계수 및 정적 휨 탄성계수는 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 그러나 휨 강도에 대한 상관관계에서 정적 탄성계수 보다 동적 탄성계수가 더 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 공진 주파수 모드를 사용하는 동적 탄성계수측정법으로 소성온도에 따라 제조된 거대억대 파티클보드의 휨 강도를 예측하는 비파괴 평가 방법으로 유용할 것으로 판단된다. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique method using a resonance frequency mode was carried out for ceramics made by different carbonizing temperatures (600, 800, 1000, <TEX>$1200^{\circ}C$</TEX>) after impregnating the phenol resin with Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascen particle boards. Dynamic modulus of elasticity increased with increasing carbonizing temperature. There were a close relationship of dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending modulus of elasticity to modulus of rupture (MOR). However, the result indicated that correlation coefficient was higher in dynamic modulus of elasticity to MOR than that in static modulus of elasticity to MOR. Therefore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity using resonance frequency by free vibration mode is more useful as a nondestructive evaluation method for predicting the MOR of ceramics made by different carbonizing temperature for Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens particle boards.

거대억새 파티클보드로 제조된 세라믹의 특성

거대억새의 활용방안을 찾기 위하여 거대억새 파티클로 보드를 제조한 후 수지함침율 50%일 때 탄화온도 <TEX>$600{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$</TEX>별로, 탄화온도 <TEX>$800^{\circ}C$</TEX>일 때 수지함침율 30~60%별로 탄화하여 세라믹을 제조한 후 물성을 조사하였다. 탄화온도가 증가함에 따라 탄화 후 밀도, 두께감소율, 길이감소율 및 중량감소율도 증가하였다. 수지함침율이 증가함에 따라 탄화 후 밀도, 길이감소율 및 중량 감소율은 증가하였으나 두께감소율은 감소하였다. For new use development of miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, which investigated properties of ceramics made from different carbonization temperature (<TEX>$600{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$</TEX>) and percentage of resin impregnation(30~60%) using a mincanthus board. As the carbonization temperature increased, the density, thickness shrinkage, linear shrinkage, weight loss were increased. As the percentage of resin impregnation increased, the density, linear shrinkage and weight loss were increased. On the other hand, thickness shrinkage decreased.

Nondestructive Bending Strength Evaluation of Ceramics Made from Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Particle Boards - Effect of Resin Impregnation Ratio -

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method by using a resonance frequency mode was carried out for ceramics made from particle boards with different phenol resin impregnation ratios (30, 40, 50, 60%) at carbonizing temperature of <TEX>$800^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The material for ceramics was Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens board. Dynamic modulus of elasticity increased with increasing impregnation ratio. There was a close relationship of dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending modulus of elasticity to modulus of rupture (MOR). However, the result indicated that correlation coefficient is higher in dynamic modulus of elasticity to MOR than that in static modulus of elasticity to MOR. Therefore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity using resonance frequency by free vibration mode is more useful as a nondestructive evaluation method for predicting the MOR of ceramics made from Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens particle boards by different phenol resin impregnation ratios.

도시하천 제방사면에 식재한 다년생 초본류의 군락 형성 비교

In order to investigate community formation ability, herbaceous perennials such as Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle, Imperata cylindrica Linne, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. and Arundinella hirta Tanaka were planted in April 2009 at the levee slope of Gwangju Stream in South Korea. Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle, Imperata cylindrica Linne and Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. which grew in pots for two years and divided rhizomes of Arundinella hirta Tanaka gathered from fields were employed. Weeds growing on the experiment sites were removed twice a year until 2011 when the plant species were formed into community. Weeds were not eradicated during 2012 and 2013 to observe community sustainability of the species. T-tests on stem numbers and heights in May, July and September were conducted between 2011 and 2012, and between 2012 and 2013. Stem numbers of the five species in 2012 were significantly reduced(p 0.05). Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham was able to compete against weeds in September 2012. Stem numbers and heights of Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle, Imperata cylindrica Linne and Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. in 2013 were similar to those in 2012(p>0.05). However, stem numbers and heights of Arundinella hirta Tanaka in 2013 were significantly decreased compared with those in 2012(p<0.001). After community formation, Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle, Imperata cylindrica Linne and Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. were able to maintain its community without weed removal. However, Arundinella hirta Tanaka was unable to establish its community due to the weed growth. Miscanthus sacchariflorus Bentham, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Rendle, Imperata cylindrica Linne are more suitable to stream levee slope environment in terms of community formation and Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 161 양홍모 134 한국조경학회지 제 42권 1호(2014년 2월) maintenance, stream landscape enhancement and slope erosion control.

고속도로 비탈면의 식생천이 특성 연구 I

This study was carried out in order to analyze the succession characteristics of the slope of expressways and the results of analysis by collecting and analyzing various literatures and data from 2011 to 2012 and surveying 75 expressway slope, as follows : The construction methods applied to planting the slope of an expressway can be classified into 4 types including 3 Climber planting methods, 8 Vegetation thick-layer spray work methods, 4 Seed spray work methods, and 4 Stabilization work methods. The factors which affect the cover degree of the slope of an expressway were found to be development years, gradient, length, and azimuth. Like surrounding forest areas, the expressway slope was analyzed to begin the plant succession 20, 30, and 40 years after development, and plant succession was developed in diversity in a mixed stand forest according to surrounding forest floors. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, and the evenness of slope facing north were analyzed to be high comparing to those facing east, west, and south according to azimuth of slope. Species diversity, maximum species diversity, evenness of slope, and the plant succession of surroundings were analyzed to be high when the gradient of the slope was less than . The dominant species which success on the slope of an expressway and its surrounding forest area included Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Zoysia japonica, Pinus thunbergii Parl, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Amorpha fruticosa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, and Oenothera biennis.

Suppressiveness of steam-exploded biomass of Miscanthus sinensis var. giganteus against soil-borne plant pathogens

Commercial compost is a renewable resource widely used in horticulture as an organic amendment, though its suppression against soil-borne plant pathogens remains limited. Preliminary studies conducted on the disease suppression effect of the biomass waste obtained in a steam explosion plant demonstrated positive results. Steam-Exploded Biomass (SEB) of Miscanthus sinensis var. giganteus, a herbaceous perennial energy crop, is a multifunctional renewable energy resource, which could also be useful in crop protection to find valid alternative to the compost use in horticulture. The purpose of this work was to assess the suppressiveness of SEB against five plant pathogenic fungi that are important in many Italian horticultural cropping systems. Analyses of the microbial inhibitors (furfurals, organic acids and lignosulfonates) present in the SEB were performed by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique. Assessment of toxic effect of the furfurals present in the SEB (furfuraldehyde and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), added to a growing medium at the different concentration ranges, was carried out in vitro on Phytophthora nicotianae, Pythium ultimum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Rhizoctonia solani. The suppressiveness of SEB, added to a potting soil used in horticulture at the different doses, was tested in vivo on tomato/P. nicotianae, cucumber/P. ultimum, lettuce/F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, melon/F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis and bean/R. solani. The results showed that furfuraldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, lignosulfonates, acetic and formic acid were detected at a concentration of 2.93, 0.28, 4.12, 10.07 and 1.88 g/kg SEB, respectively. The P. nicotianae, P. ultimum and R. solani fungi were highly inhibited by the addition of 3.2 g/L furfuraldehyde and 0.48 g/L 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was found not adequate against F. oxysporum at the same concentrations. The SEB increased significantly the suppressiveness level of the peat substrate on P. ultimum in cucumber and R. solani in bean in all the trials. For P. nicotianae in tomato, the SEB addition showed a significant suppression at the 20 and 30% doses, but the change was not significant at the 10% dose. In case of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae in lettuce and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis in melon, the SEB addition showed no suppressive effect with respect to compost in all the trials. In conclusion, the SEB could be used against some soil-borne fungal diseases in place of compost in the potting soil, and its suppressiveness could be related to the concentration of the microbial inhibitors produced during the processing of fresh biomass in the steam explosion plant.

낙동강 하구 사주섬의 식물상

For providing basic data on estuary conservation and pattern of vegetation succession of sand bar, the flora of delta was investigated from March 2004 to August 2006 in the Nakdong River estuary of Korea. The flora in the eight surveyed areas was composed of total 159 taxa that belonged to 46 families, 123 genera, 133 species, 1 subspecies, 20 varieties, and 5 forms. Among them, naturalized plants and evergreen broad trees were 31 taxa and 5 taxa, respectively. The communities of main species at delta of estuary were composed of 16 species such as Rosa rugusa community, Scirpus triqueter community, Phragmites communis community, Carex kobomugi community, Digitaria ciliaris community. Especially, Rosa rugusa community which are important to establish the southern limit line of distribution as the northern factor was distributed through Jinwoodo. The succession of main vegetation community in the new delta (Doyodeung) was in order of Carex scabrifolia, Scirpus triqueter, Phragmites communis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens. Therefore, the succession order of the surveyed area seems to predict the pattern of the vegetation succession of another deltas in Nakdong River estuary.

Effects of sandblasting and salt spray on inland plants transplanted to coastal sand dunes

AbstractA transplant experiment was conducted on a sandy beach to elucidate whether salt spray and sandblasting are the major factors inhibiting inland plants from becoming established on coastal sand dunes. Potted inland plants of Miscanthus sinensis and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were transplanted in two zones on the beach and in one area far inland from the beach. One zone on the beach (sea side) was located on a front dune that was occupied by native sand‐dune plants; the other zone (land side) was located behind the sand dunes, where grassland comprised both sand‐dune and inland species. To assess the condition of transplants, we measured changes in the canopy leaf area periodically at all sites. The final dry weight at each site was determined at the end of the experiment. Seasonal changes in sandblasting and salt spray intensities were evaluated periodically at the sites by measurement of the opaqueness of exposed transparent plastic sheets and the amount of sodium trapped in exposed filter papers, respectively. All transplants died in the sea‐side zone, where both salt spray and sandblasting were most frequent and intense. The final dry weight was greatest at the inland site, which lacked salt spray and sandblasting. Although salt spray was intense in the land‐side zone, the canopy leaf area decreased considerably only in seasons during which salt spray was accompanied by intense sandblasting. We concluded that sandblasting accompanied by salt spray is one of the main factors inhibiting the survival and growth of inland plants on coastal sand dunes.

경상남도 가지산 도립공원(취서산과 천성산 지역)에 대한 식물상 및 식생조사

The vegetation of Mt. Gaji Provincial Park(Mt. Chwiseo and Mt. Cheonseong) was investigated from September, 2005 to August, 2006, and forest structure was constructed. Vascular plants of this area consisted of 14 forms, 96 varieties, 1 subspecies, 658 species 385 genera, 112 families and 39 orders. Among them, 446 kinds of Mt. Chwiseo, 576 kinds of Mt. Cheonseong were observed. Rare and endangered plants include 2 taxa: Paeonia obovata (Endangered Species of Wild Flora GradeⅡ), Jeffersonia dubia (Endangered Species of Wild Flora GradeⅠ). The vegetation in this study area was classified into 16 communities (Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Quercus dentata, Platycarya strobilacea, Carpinus laxiflora, Zelkova serrata, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Molinia japonica, Pinus densiflora - Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora - Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora - Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora - Quercus serrata) and 3 afforestation (Robinia pseudo-acacia, Alnus firma, Pinus koraiensis).

Sandblasting as a possible factor controlling the distribution of plants on a coastal dune system

Intensity of the abrasive effect of wind-borne sand – sandblasting – in addition to other environmental factors was measured at two vegetation zones on a sandy beach and one site at an inland area. One zone on the beach included foredunes sparsely vegetated by dune species such as Carex kobomugi and Calystegia soldanella. The other zone which was located ∼50 m inland from the first zone was flat grassland dominated by inland species such as Miscanthus sinensis and Imperata cylindrica var. Koenigii. The inland site consisted of short grassland located 3 km inland from the beach. Intensity of sandblasting was estimated by the whiteness of a transparent plastic sheet exposed to the air for 2 weeks. This sheet turned whitely opaque when it was abraded by wind-borne sand. The other environmental factors measured at the beach were intensity of salt spray, soil water content, soil salinity, and sand accumulation, while intensity of salt spray was the only additional factor measured at the inland site. Intensity of sandblasting was considerably higher at the foredune zone, while that at the grassland zone was as low as that at the inland site. Considerable salt spray was detected at the foredune and grassland zones. Differences in other environmental factors were small between the two zones on the beach. In order to compare the difference in tolerance to sandblasting, a jet of sand was applied to one ordinary species, C. kobomugi, from the foredune and two species, M. sinensis and I. cylindrica, from the grassland zone. The difference in tolerance was determined by the decrease in the area of green leaf after applying sandblasting with commercial sandblaster and/or spraying with sea water. M. sinensis and I. cylindrica lost much of the leaf area after sandblasting and salt spraying, while C. kobomugi lost little. These results indicated that one of the characteristic environmental factors of a foredune is the high intensity of sandblasting accompanied by salt spray, and that species found in the foredune are more tolerant to sandblasting than species distributing in more inland areas.