Misamis Occidental Research Articles

Implementation of Cross-Border Requirements: Challenges Encountered by the Police Officer

This is beneficial in organizing and ensuring a systematic way of posting information about their travel policies and requirements that can be processed online. The system can also help the Philippine National Police (PNP) guide residents going to other LGUs in applying for travel documents when needed and with the help of the LGUs in monitoring travellers in their territories and verify the authenticity of travel documents presented. Also, Monitoring Agencies can easily monitor the travellers and generate a report at the municipal, provincial, levels for monitoring and planning purposes. The study explored the challenges encountered by Police Officer in the implementing of cross-border requirements. The study used interviewed guide question and interview guide as the main instrument to gather the data needed for the study. Part I. Respondents Profile which are formulated by the researchers that deals with the profile of the respondents such as Age, Civil Status, Gender and Length of Service. Also consisting Part II. Core Questions and Part III. Terminating Questions as an interview guide. The study consists of a total of 10 participants who are PNP personnel in Liloan Border and Ozamis Port. The researchers purposive choose five participants every border at Misamis Occidental. The participants were interviewed under the following criteria: 1) experience with implementing the border entrance requirements, 2) Difficulties encountered in performing the duties, 3) Common excuse upon entering the border. Non-compliance to Border Entry, Encountered travellers bringing forged document requirements, Professionalism in Handling Arrogant travellers, adhering to Border and protocol requirements in travelling. There were several problems or issues encountered by the PNP in the border majority is having no requirements as the same time against by their religion or having a Doctor‟s advices as reasons against vaccination. As the researcher conduct this study they seen the efforts of the PNP in enforcing the law by maintaining their patience towards from the passengers who have arrogant attitude. But in the other hand they already know that every passenger entering the border line they have vaccination cards in order for them to pass through. The IATF is no longer strict about the protocol and they also know lots of the travelers are already vaccinated. The study in the non-compliance in border many have not yet getting vaccinated but the IATF issue in the border to have free vaccination in the area, some of the travellers will not proceed in the province if they have no requirements needed in border.

Level of Preparedness of the School Security Personnel and Their Qualifications Towards Institutional Security

School security is one of the prime concerns. It involves students, staff, and every other individual who is present at the premises. Hence, the duty of a school security guard is full of tough challenges. The guard must always stay alert and on his toes. This study determined the level of preparedness of the school security personnel and their qualifications towards institutional security. The respondents of the study include all thirteen (13) security guards in Misamis University Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines that serve as the respondents. The respondents are purposively chosen by the researchers because they are fit to answer the questionnaires provided by the researchers in determining the level of preparedness of the school security personnel and their qualifications towards institutional security. The security guard possessed very good qualifications in relation to their skills, knowledge, and work style, which resulted in a relatively high mean value. The security guard's level of preparedness in terms of operating school practices and programs garnered a moderate level of mean value, indicating that it still needs to be improved. It is evident that the relationship between the qualifications of school security personnel and their level of preparedness is statistically significant. Having a good qualification may positively contribute to a high-level preparedness among the school's security personnel. Most security guards were very efficient in fulfilling their duties due largely to their qualifications, which encompassed their skills, knowledge, and work style. They were able to maintain effective control over the conditions and individuals in their immediate vicinity. On the other hand, security guards thrived in the sector of level of preparedness. This is because they were highly prepared to respond with countermeasures and preventative actions in the case of a crime. It is essential that the performance of school security guards be constantly monitored and evaluated to determine the various strengths and weaknesses of everyone for future training and improvement. In dealing with the school's various problems, security guards are encouraged to maintain their high level of preparedness and qualification. It's also crucial to keep students from bringing weapons onto campus that may threaten other students or instructors, and to conduct random sweeps of students to look for contraband like as drugs and firearms.

BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN NORTHERN MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES: A MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS

This study investigated the factors that influence the business performance of micro-enterprises in Northern Mindanao. Specifically, it examined the profile, marketing practices, entrepreneurial orientation, access to finance, and business performance of these enterprises. The study used responses from 417 micro-enterprises selected through stratified random sampling from the provinces of Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. A descriptivecorrelational research design was employed to attain the objectives of the study. More than half of micro-enterprises employed 1-4 employees and undertook their business for not more than five years. Marketing practices are implemented most of the time. Their entrepreneurial orientation was high, access to finance was moderate to great, and their business performance for the last three years was average to good. The aggregate multinomial logistic regression analysis reveals that among the variables used in the study, business age, marketing practices, entrepreneurial orientation, and access to finance significantly influence the business performance of micro-enterprises. The multinomial logistic regression per industry analysis yields a different result. In merchandising industry sector, marketing practices, business age, and access to finance influence substantially business performance. In the service industry sector, entrepreneurial orientation, business age, and access to finance significantly influence business performance.

Challenges Encountered and Insights of the Bureau of Fire Protection Personnel Towards Responding Fire Incident

In a fire incident, fire fighters struggle too much for the safety of our communities. This study explored the challenges encountered by the BFP of Ozamiz City in responding fire incidents. It utilized the phenomenological research design. It was participated by the Bureau of Fire Protection in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. Interview responses were analyzed using Moussakas' Transcendental phenomenological reduction. This study generated five themes: (1) Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident, (2) An Arduous work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength, (3) Frustration in the Work, (4) Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety and Prevention, (5) Serving the People. In this study, the researcher analyzed the data using the narrative and phenomenology methods of Moustakas for the gathering of information through open-ended and conversational communication. As a result, most of the participants have different challenges encountered in responding fire incident. These challenges made an impact physically and mentally which is extremely stressful and draining during a fire incident. On the other hand, the participants have learned how to maintain active connection with the public, promote fire safety, and raise the number of force multipliers. Further, the BFP should have the full support of the community when an emergency occurs. Lastly, the participants have sensible of their actions. To mitigate firefighter life-safety concerns and achieve successfully fireground outcomes, it is critically important for firefighters to have the necessary preparedness capabilities to respond. Firefighter preparedness consists of technical and contextual knowledge, specialized training, and firefighting experience.

Suitability Mapping of Key Crop Commodities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines

The agricultural crops of Misamis Occidental are not exempted from the effects of climate change, hence, it is necessary to assess and map-out the key crop commodities in terms of their suitability in the future. Five major crops from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and from the Department of Agriculture (DA) were identified and validated by the community stakeholders. These are lowland rice, coconut, banana, cassava, yellow, and white corn. Crop vulnerability and suitability mapping were based on flood and landslide hazards prevalent in the area, biophysical factors together with baseline, and future agro-climatic data. The data were examined and simulated based on Multi-criteria Decision Analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process in ArcGIS Software Version 10.8.1. Contemporary and future climate projections were derived from downscaled Global Climate Models GCMs and represented by 2050 time-period and two-emission scenarios as described in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (medium case scenario) and 8.5 (worst case scenario). The simulation model indicates that these five major crops are not feasible in upland areas (RCP 8.5). However, the trend for corn and banana is moderately suitable in low-lying areas provided that the temperature is higher than the total crop requirement. Planting of cassava, coconut, and rice in low-lying areas has a moderate to high suitability under RCP 8.5. Overall, this study provides prediction on the status and conditions of crops which may adapt and are suitable in low-lying areas but not in upland areas in the future. However, these findings suggest that a thorough monitoring in the field must be done to ensure the crop suitability over the changes of weather pattern.

Diatoms in the rivers of Calamba Misamis Occidental, Philippines

Diatoms are good indicators of the environmental integrity of lotic ecosystems. This study aims to identify the genera of diatoms present in the rivers of Calamba, Misamis Occidental, Philippines and their corresponding abundance. Sixteen genera of diatoms were identified in the rivers where the majority of the genera favor intermediate to the high nutrient concentration. The species of Fragilaria and Navicula were most abundant upstream while the species of Amphora was the most abundant downstream. The following genera were present in all the rivers sampled and most of these have high cell densities: Amphora, Cymbella, Epithemia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Based on the assemblage of diatom genera, the rivers sampled at Calamba Misamis Oriental are already showing signs of nutrient enrichment. Using probes to measure the concentrations of nutrients in the rivers can further validate this finding.

Stock Assessment of Arius maculatus (Thurnberg, 1792) (Ariidae, Siluriformes) in Panguil Bay, Northwestern Mindanao

Arius maculatus, commonly known as spotted catfish and locally known as Tambangongo, has a great potential as an aquaculture species, but there is very limited information known for the stocks in Panguil Bay. This study aimed to assess the wild stocks of A.maculatus, and make an inventory of the fishing boat and gears in two stations in Panguil Bay, namely: Tangub, Misamis Occidental and Baroy, Lanao del Norte. Length frequencies were analyzed to provide estimates of growth, mortality, exploitation ratio, and recruitment pulse of A. maculatus in the bay. A total of 589 boats (324 motorized boats and 265 non-motorized boats) were recorded from the sites. There were 473 units of 15 types of fishing gear used in the sites and 6 types of these were only used in catching A. maculatus. A total of 3,259 specimens were collected for 12 months from the sites. The aquatic habitat of A. maculatus from the two sites was characterized by a pH range of 7.9-8.1, temperature of 28.5-29.1°C, salinity of 13.31-15.9 ppt, dissolved oxygen levels of 4.0-5.41 ppm, and total suspended solid values of 0.1-0.6 g/L. Reproductive biology analysis indicates that eggs start to mature from October to December, then spawning starts from January to March, and the fish fry recruitment starts in April and May. A. maculatus can grow up to 98.95 cm with an asymptotic length of 98.86 cm (K value = 0.35) equivalent to asymptotic weigth of 8,750 g. Mortality Z = 0.99, with natural mortality M = 0.67 and fishing mortality F = 0.33. This study revealed that A. maculatus in Panguil Bay is not over-exploited since the exploitation rate (E = 0.33) is minimal and large individuals can still be collected from the field.

Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Work Performance

Job satisfaction is a requirement for the work performance of the teacher. This study determined the relationship of teachers’ job satisfaction and their work performance in the Division of Misamis Occidental during the school year 2018-2019. One hundred and four (104) school heads and three hundred and thirteen (313) teachers responded to the study. The researcher used the descriptive-correlational research design; and the Teacher Job Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire (TJSQ) and Individual Performance Commitment Review Form (IPCRF) as instruments. Mean, standard deviation, and Multiple Regression Analysis were the statistical tools used. Findings revealed that the teachers were highly satisfied with their job, and their work performance was very satisfactory. The satisfaction of teachers on school heads’ supervision and job security inversely affect the teachers’ work performance. Schools have to be provided with the faculty lounge so teachers can talk freely on their well-being. Human Resource Department officers have to include in their teacher retention strategies the teachers’ welfare packages. Future researchers have to look into other factors that might predict the teachers’ work performance.

Citizens’ Judgment on Local Government Performance in Delivering Agricultural Services in Three Cities of Misamis Occidental, Philippines

Citizens’ Judgment on Local Government Performance in Delivering Agricultural Services in Three Cities of Misamis Occidental, Philippines

PLASTIKNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION AMONG PERSON WITH DISABILITY (PWDs) IN SINACABAN, MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL

In response to the global community problem on solid waste management and the empowerment of the persons with disability (PWDs), this study is focused on Plastiknology development and utilization among persons with disability (PWDs) in Sinacaban, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The study employed IPO (input process output) model using the respondents’ profile as the input variables and sanitation, sorting, cutting, folding and connecting skills as the process variables. Plastiknology products such as coin purse, clutch bag, wallet and placemats serves as the output variables. Using descriptive statistics, the mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage and percentage distribution are used to describe each variable. Regression analysis was used to test the input and process variables’ influence on the creation of the output products. Statistics shows minimal background on handicrafts, but interest in trainings is high. Active participation on livelihood trainings was shown in respondents’ positive attendance, attitude and product construction. As a result, there was no significant difference between self-evaluated and post-evaluated skills. Qualitatively, the products of the partcipants are promising and well-constructed. It was therefore recommended that the national and local institutions shall provide livelihood assistance to special sectors such as PWDs by facilitating the continuity of this livelihood program.

Inter-local bay alliances in Northern Mindanao, Philippines: Experiences and lessons learned in establishment and organisational sustainability

Three alliances for bay management in Northern Mindanao region --- Gingoog Bay Alliance, Macajalar Bay Development Alliance, and Iligan Bay Alliance in Misamis Occidental--- were examined if critical legal, institutional, and financial factors to ensure organisational sustainability were present. Data were from key informant interviews and secondary sources. Results showed that the alliances have a common purpose (coastal resource rehabilitation and poverty alleviation) and geographical base (bay), relied mostly on member contributions for funds, and their members were bound by legal contracts. Their reported accomplishments were strengthened coastal law enforcement, establishment of marine protected areas, conduct of resource mapping, and formulation of harmonised fisheries code. The two key issues were weak contracts and insufficient funds. For sustainability, the alliances need to focus on what they can deliver that matches their available resources, to establish a governance structure with sufficient power and control to make alliance operations work effectively, and to adopt a financial arrangement that is feasible and legally approved.

Spikemoss flora (Selaginella) in Mindanao Island, the Philippines: species composition and phenetic analysis of morphological variations

The genus Selaginella, commonly referred to as spikemosses, is an important component of the Philippines’ lycophytes diversity. Mountain ecosystems in Mindanao island hold diverse species of lycophytes, however the morpho-taxonomy diversity of this group is poorly documented there. The study aimed to determine Selaginella species richness, distribution and phenetic relationships based on morphological characteristics in Mindanao island. Specimens of Selaginella were collected in Mt. Apo, Kidapawan City; Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental; Mt. Kiamo, Mt. Kitanglad, Mt. Musuan and Mt. Limbawon in Bukidnon; Mt. Timpoong, Camiguin; and Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental. The 24 Selaginella species were collected and subjected to numerical phenetic analysis using the PC-ORD program. A total of 11 morphological characters and 44 character states were used in the analyses. Of the 24 species, seven are Philippine endemics, four are potential new species and two species are widely distributed in the areas studied. Results of the phenetic analysis showed four major clusters.

Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Small-scale Fisheries Management (EAFM) in Misamis Occidental, Philippines

This paper presents the challenges and opportunities of small-scale fisheries management in Misamis Occidental, especially in the coastal municipalities of Aloran, Jimenez, Lopez Jaena, Panaon, Plaridel, Sinacaban, Tudela, and Oroquieta City. A site diagnosis was conducted as part of the participatory diagnosis and adaptive management framework to characterize the governance of small-scale fisheries in the area and to determine the potential for adopting the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Stakeholders identified, in order of priority, the following issues affecting fisheries and coastal resource management in Iligan Bay: depleted fishery resources, lack of alternative livelihood, and limited institutional capabilities. In a united response, the local government units in the area formed the Iligan Bay Alliance of Misamis Occidental, through which they explore opportunities to address issues and to restore and sustain the fisheries in Iligan Bay.

Species Richness and Endemism of Amphibian along the Riparian System of Clarin River, Misamis Occidental

The small island archipelago of the Philippines is both a megadiverse nation and global conservation hotspot. The combination of high biodiversity, together with high rates of forest loss and increasing human population places the country at the top global list for conservation. Amphibian communities are known to be sensitive to environmental changes, and their conservation is one of the main priorities for land vertebrates in the Philippines. Taking into account that amphibians are very good indicators of ecosystem health, a study on the anuran species in Clarin River, Misamis Occidental was conducted using the cruising method to determine the species richness and endemism of the amphibians present in the area. Data gathered in this study will serve as baseline information about the amphibian species in the river. Twelve species under ten genera and five families were recorded. Seven species (58.33%) are endemic which includes a Mindanao Faunal Region endemic, Hylarana grandocula and two Mindanao Island endemic, Ansonia muelleri and Ansonia mcgregori . Among the recorded endemic species, three are Vulnerable, and one is Near Threatened. The highest species richness (N=8) and species diversity (H'=1.829) were recorded at sampling site 2 (midstream). The threats in Clarin River include land conversion, anthropogenic disturbances and overhunting for food. The presence of vulnerable, near threatened, and endemic species indicates the need to protect the riparian system of the river. Â Keywords: anurans, conservation, endemic, indicators, threats, land vertebrate

Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in labo and clarin rivers, misamis occidental, Philippines

Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in labo and clarin rivers, misamis occidental, Philippines

New Polypheretima and Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) species from the Mt. Malindang Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines

We describe four new pheretimoid earthworm species, one in Polypheretima and three in Pithemera, from Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines, and provide diagrams of external morphology and internal anatomy. Polypheretima mindanaoensis sp. nov. belongs to the Po. elongata species group, characterised by having genital markings on xix and successive segments and pairs of spermathecal batteries in vi and/or vii. It differs from the other members of the Po. elongata species group in having no copulatory bursae. This species shows individual variation in the number of spermathecae in each battery. Individuals that lack spermathecae are presumed to reproduce parthenogenetically. Pithemera malindangensis sp. nov. and Pi. duminagati sp. nov. belong to the Pi. bicincta species group, characterised by having the first spermathecal pores in 4/5. These two species differ in size and in the distance between male pores. Pithemera donvictorianoi sp. nov. belongs to the Pi. pacifica species group, characterised by having the first spermathecal pores in 5/6. This is the only member of this species group so far reported from the Philippines, and this is the only Philippine Pithemera species whose clitellum covers two rather than two and a half segments. Current studies show that worldwide, the Philippines has the highest diversity for Pithemera, with 13 species, followed by Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, each area with six species. Indonesia has the highest diversity for Polypheretima, with 18 species, followed by Vietnam with 13 species, and then Papua New Guinea and the Philippines, each area with eight species. These findings indicate a high degree of endemicity within these areas, suggesting that many species remain to be detected in the Philippines.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2198709C-F5E1-4A0D-A185-CA506D206171

Assessment and Monitoring of Fish Species in the Mountain Streams and Lake of Mindanao LTER Sites

Assessment and Monitoring on fish species was conducted in five (5) Longterm Ecological Research (LTER) sites in Mindanao, Philippines. These LTER sites were Mt. Apo in North Cotabato, Mt. Hamiguitan in Davao Oriental, Mt. Kitanglad and Mt. Musuan in Bukidnon, and Mt. Malindang in Misamis Occidental. Streams and Lakes of these sites were sampled to assess the fish species found in each sites and its significance in the aquatic ecosystem. There were 13 fish families found from the five LTER sites. One endemic species Puntius bantolanensis was found only in two mountain sites Mt. Apo and Mt. Hamiguitan. Ten native species were distributed among all sites. Seven were unclassified for its occurrence. Out of the 34 species, 15 were introduced. However, these introduced species have only diminutive individual counts per site of which they occur. The study revealed that Mindanao streams were composed of diverse fish species. Endemic and native fish species has the need to be protected and ecosystem must be conserved. Some introduced fish species are invasive and that might disturb and affect aquatic ecosystem. Bray Curtis cluster analysis reveals that Mt. Musuan and Mt. Malindang shows similarity of species. Mt. Kitanglad has the least similar species compared to the other four mountains. Some physico-chemical characteristics vary from each stream in all sites and somehow affect presence of fishes. Keywords: aquatic ecosystem, freshwater fishes, water quality, endemic, native

Ethnolinguistic Vitality of the Subanen Communities in Ozamiz City, Philippines

The Philippines is inhabited by a number of indigenous groups of people. Thriving in Zamboanga Peninsula is the Subanen tribe which possesses a distinct language and culture. Coexistence with non-tribal settlers in the area exposes the Subanens to the influences of the majority group. Tribal members manifest proficiency in the majority language, but a number exhibit linguistic inadequacy in their mother tongue. Through researcher-made instruments, the study conducted an actual test and an assessment of the ethnolinguistic vitality of the Subanen respondents from the tribal communities in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. Results revealed the average vitality of the Subanen language in the city. Geographical location of the tribal community is not a predictor of the vitality of the indigenous language, but the extent of Subanen blood that the tribesmen have. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as language contact, parental apathy, mixed marriages, and tribal discrimination are contributory factors affecting the language vitality. This study may propel the contemporary Subanens to take more decisive steps in revitalizing their first language for cultural preservation and tribal identity. Â Keywords: culture, discrimination, indigenous, intrinsic, language Â

New species of Pheretima (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from the Mt. Malindang Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines

We provide descriptions, with illustrations of internal structures, for 18 new species of Pheretima from Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Among the 18 species, 11 belong to the P. sangirensis species group, characterized by having a pair of spermathecal pores in the intersegmental furrow of 7/8 and lacking penial sheaths in the copulatory bursae: P. maculodorsalis n. sp., P. tigris n. sp., P. immanis n. sp., P. lago n. sp., P. nunezae n. sp., P. boniaoi n. sp., P. malindangensis n. sp., P. misamisensis n. sp., P. wati n. sp., P. longiprostata n. sp., and P. nolani n. sp. One species, P. longigula n. sp., belongs to the P. montana species group, characterized by having a pair of spermathecal pores in the intersegmental furrow of 7/8 and penial sheaths in the copulatory bursae. Two species, P. vergrandis n. sp. and P. concepcionensis n. sp., are monothecal. Three species, P. adevai n. sp., P. lluchi n. sp., and P. potonganensis n. sp., belong to the P. darnleiensis species group, characterized by having either four or five pairs of spermathecae from vi to ix, with a fifth pair variably present in segment v. One species, P. subanensis n. sp., is athecate. All species described here from the Mt. Malindang Range are probably native rather than introduced, and probably do not represent range extensions of species known from neighboring islands in Southeast Asia. We provide an identification key to the Pheretima species from Mt. Malindang.

Water quality assessment of Labo and Clarin Rivers in Misamis Occidental, Philippines

Labo and Clarin rivers are very important to many communities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Hundreds of people living near the two rivers depend on these waters for domestic and industrial purposes. This study was conducted to assess the water quality of two major river systems, Clarin and Labo rivers in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were assessed in three different sampling sites in each river. Results showed that dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, nitrate and phosphate along the forest and agro forest sampling sites were at levels that fall within the standards set by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the Philippines. However, the sampling station in Labo River located along the agricultural area showed values that are non-compliant with the DENR standard. The water temperature and pH range in sampling stations along the forest were within the tolerable range that will not cause stress to the aquatic organisms. Bacteriological analysis showed that all sampling stations were positive for coliforms (Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli). The sampling stations along the agroforest and agricultural areas had high total fecal coliform load. Results indicate the need to have proper environmental management program in Clarin and Labo rivers. Key words: Aquatic, bacteriological, coliforms, physico-chemical, river systems.