Rapid and accurate detection of the dynamic changes of prostate cancer-related miRNAs in peripheral blood is of great significance for prostate monitoring. Herein, we constructed an intelligent dual-drive DNA nanosensor (DD-DNS) for molecularly determination of microRNA-200c (miR-200c), a potential monitoring marker for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Unlike common detection technologies, the most distinctive feature of DD-DNS is the ingenious combination of enzyme-catalyzed chain amplification reaction and non-enzyme-catalyzed chain replacement reaction to realize the complementation of performance and improvement of detection capability. This improvement can significantly improve the detection sensitivity and environmental adaptability, which is more conducive to the detection of actual samples. In the presence of miR-200c, miR-200c activates the polymerase/nickase cycle reaction, resulting in exponential levels of cycle primers being produced. As a programmed process, cyclic primers catalyze the hairpin assembly reaction to achieve a surge in fluorescence signals. As a novel amplification strategy, the detection limit of this method can reach 5.5 fM, which fully meets the requirements of clinical quantitative analysis. Thus, miRNA detection technology based on DD-DNS shows superior detection performance and stability, which is conducive to carrying out extensive disease screening and treatment monitoring in a variety of complex situations.