Minutes Irradiation Time Research Articles

Photocatalytic Degradation of Mancozeb Pesticide Residue using Nanoceria Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles under Natural Solar Irradiation

Introduction: Excessive applications of agrochemicals to meet the high food demand from ever-increasing populations are becoming a major issue for both health practitioners and environmental managers. Chemicals such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate pesticide mancozeb (MCZ) are known to have deleterious effects on the ecosystem. AIM: This study, aimed at assessing the suitability of cerium-doped zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) for efficient degradation of MCZ fungicide. Method: The photocatalysts were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with zinc nitrate hexahydrate, cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and sodium hydroxide. The synthesized nanocomposites were further characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX). The average crystallite size of the as-synthesized particles was found to be 31.42 nm, with very sharp PXRD peaks revealing the pure crystal nature of the particles. The photocatalytic degradation activity was evaluated following a series of experiments under natural environmental conditions. The optimal conditions for the degradation of MCZ fungicide using Ce-ZnO were found to be 10 ppm initial concentration of MCZ, 20 mg dose of the Ce- ZnO photocatalyst, 180 minutes irradiation time, and 10-11 atmospheric UV index. Result: At the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency was found to be about 90% after 180 minutes. The reported photocatalytic degradation of MCZ using Ce-ZnO fits a pseudo-firstorder kinetic model with an R2 value of 0. 9677. Similarly, the reusability of the as-synthesized photocatalyst was evaluated and found to be active for five rounds with little change in the activity. Conclusion: Thus, the degradation method in the current study can be suitable for the degradation and removal of MCZ in agricultural runoff in the field.

Green synthesis of P − ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Flacourtia indica and their application for the photocatalytic degradation of a model toxic dye, Congo red

In the present work P−ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised for the first time using phytochemical extracts from Flacourtia indica leaves and applied in the photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red in the presence of Light Emitting Diode warm white light. The photocatalytic degradation was optimized with respect to P−ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticle dosage, initial Congo Red concentration, and degradation time. The optimum conditions for P−ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticle synthesis was pH 9, leaves extracts of F. indica dosage 4 g 100 mL−1, Zirconia, Cerium and Zinc metal ion concentration 0.05 mg/L and metal ion to plant volume ratio of 1:4. The leaves extract dosage, pH and metal concentration had the most significant effects on the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles followed type III physisorption adsorption isotherms with surface area of 0.4593 m3g−1, pore size of 6.80 nm, pore volume 0.000734 cmg−13 and average nanoparticle size 0.255 nm. A degradation efficiency of 86% was achieved and the optimum degradation conditions were 0.05 g/L of P−ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticle dosage, 10 mg/L initial Congo red concentration, and 250 minutes irradiation time. Data from kinetic studies showed that the degradation followed pseudo first order kinetics at low concentration, with a rate constant of 0.069 min−1. The superoxide, h+ holes and light were the main determinants of the reaction mechanisms for the degradation of Congo Red. The investigation outcomes demonstrated that P−ZrO2CeO2ZnO nanoparticles offer a high potential for photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red.

Synthesis of Au50Ag50 Alloy Nanoparticles From Metal Ions and Colloidal Nanoparticles Through Photochemical Reduction Methods Using Femtosecond Laser

Nanoparticles synthesized through photochemical reduction using femtosecond involve reducing agent that reduces metal ions into nanoparticles. We synthesized Au50Ag50 from metal ions and colloidal nanoparticles in four different conditions: (i) gold metal ions and silver metal ion, (ii) colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (iii) gold metal ions and colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and (iv) colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver metal ions. Gold and metal ions were obtained from dilution of gold and silver metal salts. While gold and silver nanoparticles were obtained from gold and metal ions added into a quartz cuvette and irradiated by femtosecond laser in 10 minutes irradiation time. In the synthesis, every condition respectively mixed in 3 ml solution into a 10x10x45 mm quartz cuvette and irradiated by femtosecond laser in 5-, 10- and 15- minutes irradiation time. The result showed that Au50Ag50 alloy nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in four different conditions, and the LSPR (Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance) in 15 minutes irradiation time was observed at 454.51, 458.74, 459.60, and 457.29 nm in the condition (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv), respectively.

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Some Properties of Bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) for Bioethanol Production

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass plays an essential role in bioethanol production as an alternative biofuel. This process reduces biomass recalcitrance in order to improve cellulose digestibility for saccharification and further fermentation reactions. In this study, microwave (MW) pretreatment was done on bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) to investigate the resulting physicochemical properties and bioethanol produced. Bamboo was irradiated in the microwave at different power (100-600 Watt) and irradiation time (5-20 minutes) followed by Water Soluble content (WSC) and lignin analysis. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using cellulase enzyme was also done in five different treatment combinations (C1-C5) to investigate the effect of produced reducing sugar and bioethanol. The result shows that increasing MW power and irradiation time could decrease WSC gradually. The lowest WSC of 0.3% was obtained at 600-Watt MW power and 20 minutes irradiation time. Lignin content decreased from 18.9% to 16.0% concerning increasing irradiation time from 5 to 20 minutes under 300-Watt MW power. SEM images show that partial disruption and micro-scale pores existed in pretreated samples. The highest amount of ethanol was obtained at 24 hours fermentation for pretreated bamboo at 300-Watt MW power for 15 minutes followed by cellulase enzyme addition. The overall results showed that microwave pretreatment is a prospective method for future bioethanol production from bamboo due to effective WSC reduction and lignin degradation in a relatively short period of time.

The Utilization of Modified Chitosan from Shrimp Shell As Photodegradation of Pesticides Paraquat Dichloride

In this study, the chitosan modification of shrimp shell has been made by impregnated the chitosan from shrimp shell with Ti/ZrO2 and ZrO2 to formed composite of chitosan-Ti/ZrO2 and chitosan-ZrO2. These composites were made by immobilization technique and characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX. The chitosan-Ti/ZrO2 and chitosan-ZrO2 composite were used as a catalyst to degrade the pesticide paraquat dichloride in the presence of UV light (????= 257 nm). The photodegradation process of paraquat dichloride takes place under 10 watts UV light irradiation and was measured using spectrophotometer UV. The maximum degradation percentage of pesticide paraquat dichloride photodegradation by chitosan-Ti/ZrO2 and chitosan-ZrO2 composites are 61.97% and 57.97% within 30 minutes irradiation time.

Increased Absorption Capacity Of Organokaolin Adsorbents In Absorb Metals Using Microwave Technology

This study about the absorption of iron and magnesium as metal ions in water solutions and kaolin were used as adsorbents. The power of Kaolin as adsorbent still very low so it is necessary to modify kaolin using acyl sulfonate (ABS) surfactant which is an organic compound. The aim is to increase the absorption capacity of kaolin in absorbing metal ions contained in water using modified kaolin to get effective absorption results in absorbing metal ions, especially iron, this research was carried out by varying microwave irradiation time 5, 15, 30, 50 and 80 minutes using surfactant kaolin modification and without surfactant modification, the waste used was artificial waste with an initial concentration of 100 mg / l. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS), while the characteristics used were Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Kaolin modification with microwave use in the adsorption process results in a decrease in artificial Fe waste at 3 minutes irradiation time on modification of efficiency reduction of 72% and Mg waste at 30 minutes decreased by 61%.

Optimization of Kaolin adsorbent to reduction iron metal ion using ultrasonic technology

This study was to adsorb of metal ion in water solution by modifying kaolin with anionic surfactant and ultrasonic irradiated. The purpose of this study was to optimize the absorption of metals more specific in absorbing Fe metals in water using modified kaolin with anionic surfactants and ultrasonic irradiated. The adsorption process was carried out using a surfactant modified kaolin modification and without surfactant modification with irradiation time variations of 5, 10, 15, 30, 50 and 80 min at 55 ° C. Samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS), while their characteristics used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of kaolin modification occurs faster than that of kaolin without modification. The maximum allowance for kaolin modified removal efficiency reached 72.81% at 30 minutes irradiation time, while for kaolin without modification the removal efficiency was 65.1% at 30 minutes irradiation time.

Ultrasound-microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE) of Andrographolide from Sinta (Andrographis paniculata) with its Bioactivity Assessment

Andrographolide (AG) is known to possess some pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-dengue, anti-tumor and anti-tuberculosis. Green extraction techniques such as ultrasound and microwave have shown the effectiveness in extracting high purity AG from Andrographis paniculata or Sinta. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), which operates at non-thermal conditions, prevents the thermal degradation of AG while microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) allows an increased extraction yield. This study aimed to determine the effect of sequential ultrasound- microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) in the yield of AG and its bioactivity assessment. The UAE obtained its highest AG yield of 539.24 mg L-1 at 10 minutes sonication time and MAE with 781.65 mg L-1 at 5 minutes irradiation time with 420 W microwave power. The UMAE obtained the highest AG yield of 1,066.49 mg L-1 when sequentially exposed to 10 minutes sonication and 10 min irradiation with a microwave power of 280 W. Cytotoxic activity testing of Sinta extract containing AG from UMAE confirmed a lethal concentration (LC50) with value at 76.02 mg L-1. Furthermore, it has an intermediate susceptibility to Escherichia coli but resistant to both Bacillus clausii and Klebsiella spp., highlighting the potential of its valuable medicinal applications.

Effect of irradiation time in the synthesis of Au-Ag nanoalloys by femtosecond laser

The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles can be performed by femtosecond laser-induced photoreduction of the metallic ion solution. Due to hydrogen radical and the solvated electron generated through the interaction of ultrafast laser and water medium, the dissolved metallic ion in the medium can be converted to their respective metallic atom and then precipitated into nanoparticles. When there is more than one metallic ion available in the solution, alloy nanoparticles can be generated. One parameter that affects this laser-based synthesis was the duration of laser irradiation time that has an advantage for size modification of nanoparticles. In this work, we have synthesized Au-Ag nanoalloys from the mixture of Au and Ag ion in various volume fraction in water medium added with 0.01wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent and irradiated for 5 and 10 minutes. The result showed that there was linear shifting in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the nanoalloys in respect with their volume fraction of the ions. The results also revealed that the nanoparticle size was indeed reduced as the laser irradiation was prolonged, i.e., Au50Ag50 has a particle size of 7.98 nm and 5.18 nm for 5 and 10 minutes irradiation time, respectively.

Intraocular Photobonding to Enable Accommodating Intraocular Lens Function.

PurposeAccommodating intraocular lenses (A-IOLs) require capturing the ciliary muscle forces. Prior work demonstrated strong photo-initiated bonding between strips of capsular bag and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate); (pHEMA) polymer in an extraocular setting. We demonstrate that photobonding can be achieved intraocularly.MethodsPhacoemulsification was performed in porcine eyes (<24 hours postmortem). A commercial intraocular lens (IOL; pHEMA-MMA material) was inserted in the capsular bag. Surface contact between the lens and capsular bag was ensured by continuous air infusion into the anterior chamber of the eye, which provided sufficient pressure at the interface, as well as oxygen. The capsular bag and IOL then were stained with 0.1% photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) solution. A fiberoptic probe connected to a diode-laser (532 nm) was used to locally irradiate the capsular bag–IOL interface intraocularly. The bonding breaking load was evaluated in a uniaxial stretcher.ResultsPhotobonding occurred in the 0.8 to 1.6 W/cm2 irradiance range and 2.5 to 7 minutes irradiation time. Average forces of 0.12 N stretched but did not break the bond. These forces, applied uniaxially, are higher than the summed net accommodating force of the ciliary muscle along the entire equator (0.08 N). In two cases, the zonulae broke before the bonded region.ConclusionsPhotobonding between the capsular bag and IOL polymer can be achieved intraocularly, in a procedure compatible with standard cataract surgery. This technique will enable the mechanisms of A-IOLs not to rely on capsular bag integrity or natural haptic fibrosis.Translational RelevanceIntraocular photobonding holds promise to enable operation of A-IOLs to restore accommodation in presbyopia, affecting 100% of the population >45 years old. Intraocular bonding of polymer material to ocular tissue also may find other applications in ophthalmology.

Influence of Continuous Flow Microwave Pre-Treatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Secondary Thickened Sludge for Sustainable Energy Recovery in Sewage Treatment Plant

This work elucidates the effects of pre-treatment of secondary thickened sludge (STS) for enhancement of biogas production that has great potential to generate energy for the utilization of the sewage treatment plant (STP) itself. Microwave pre-treatment has been adopted for this study. Experiment works have been designed and conducted to examine the effectiveness of continuous flow microwave pre-treatment on the solubility of STS, digestibility of STS and biogas production at a power level of 80 W for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. A few characteristics of the sewage sludge were monitored daily to identify the effect of pre-treatment on the sludge. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)/total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) ratio increased by 0.1, 1.0 and 1.8%, while the volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration of the pre-treated sludge improved by 4.4, 5.1, 5.9% at the irradiation time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively at a microwave power level of 80 W. Besides that, the digestate also indicates that the pre-treated sludge undergoes efficient VS removal and TCOD removal after anaerobic digestion compared to the untreated sludge. Moreover, the biogas quantity increased by an average of 19.2, 24.1 and 32.2% in 5, 10 and 15 minutes irradiation time respectively compared to the untreated sludge. The additional quantity of biogas generated has shown a great potential for sustainable energy generation that can be utilized internally by the STP.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Micro-Structural, Crystallinity and Photocatalytic Properties of Hydrothermally Prepared Titanate Nanowires

Titanate nanowires were synthesised by hydrothermal process in 10M NaOH aqueous solution at 200oC for 24h. The samples were washed repeatedly in HCl aq. solution and deionized water until pH ~7. Subsequently, the samples were heat-treated at 400-850°C in air for 2h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample heat-treated at 800°C showed the crystalline structure of sodium titanate (Na2Ti6O13 ), while the presence of anatase phase was detected from the sample heat-treated at 850°C. Wire-like morphology of the synthesized sample was observed using FE-SEM. The photocatalytic activity of the samples heat-treated at 600,800, 850°C and 900°C was investigated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV-light irradiation and more than 90% of the dye was efficiently degraded by the sample heat-treated at 850°C within 45 minutes irradiation time as compared to other tested samples.

MICROWAVE DEHYDRATOR: AN ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY STEP TOWARD IMPROVING MICROWAVE DEMULSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM EMULSIONS

In this research introduces a newly improved method of microwave dehydrator. A system consists of modified domestic microwave oven and silicon based chemical demulsifiers was used to dehydrate two types of petroleum crude oils from Middle East. Silicone based additives which claimed to be nontoxic are used in conjunction with the modified microwave oven. The currently available demulsification techniques that consist mainly of chemicals together with mechanical, heating and electrical methods have some drawbacks, since chemicals are costly and harmful to the environment, mechanical techniques such as gravity settling tank, hydro cyclone vessel, centrifugal separators, and steam stripping are large requiring more space, time and cost, electrical techniques almost always work in a very high voltage that can easily cause fire via short circuit. Therefore, the objective of this project is to introduce the Microwave Dehydrator (MD) as a step forward to the commercialization of the microwave treatment of petroleum based emulsions. This is to replace or reduce the use of chemical dehydrators in the oil field. Simulated experimental model emulsions of various crude oils were produced to mimic the real emulsions. From previous articles, the optimal parameters to produce w/o emulsions of heavy crude oils were 0.25% (v/v) emulsifier’s concentration (Span 80) with mixing speed of 1600 rpm for 7 minutes mixing time. In this study, experimental stable emulsion were prepared from two different crude oils namely, Saudi Arabia (SA) and Kuwait, the water content in the emulsion was varied (20-80% and 50-50%), as well as the concentration of the additives (0.05 and 0.1%), results was discussed in terms of temperature, heat generation, and dielectric properties as well as water resolution. The results of the this research showed that, for 50-50% Kuwait oil emulsions, the optimal formulation was 0.1% additive and 2 minutes irradiation time gave the maximum water separation of 87%, while for 20-80% Kuwait oil emulsions, 0.1% additives and 2 minutes irradiation time had given the maximum separation of 52%. Furthermore, for Saudi Arabia crude emulsions, 50-50% w/o emulsions with 0.1% additive and 1.5 irradiation time had given the maximum separation of 85%. While for 20-80% w/o emulsions, 0.1% additive and 2 minutes irradiation time had given the maximum separation of 62%. Fundamentally the basic mechanism behind the effectiveness of microwave demulsification is that the electromagnetic wave that induce the water molecules to move as trying to rearrange themselves with the wave in two distinct mechanisms, known as ionic conduction and dipole rotation that would eventually convert the wave energy into heat generated within the water molecules. These results proved that microwave dehydrator can reduce the usage of chemical demulsifiers, as well as processing time and environmental issues.

Demulsification of Gas Oil/Water Emulsion via High-Intensity Ultrasonic Standing Wave

High-intensity ultrasonic standing wave field was established in a horizontal direction and its effect on “gas oil” in “water” emulsion separation rate was studied. Also, effects of four parameters on emulsion instability behavior were investigated: ultrasound irradiation time (5–30 min), emulsion position in ultrasound field (17–37 cm), ultrasound input intensity (20, 45, and 75%) and dispersed phase concentration (0.5, 2, and 10%). Emulsion light absorbance, droplet diameter and distribution were measured to analyze separation efficiency. The optimum states were 10% oil in water emulsion treated at 17 cm distance from ultrasound source under 30 minutes irradiation time and 20% sound intensity.

Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Reactive Red 15 over synthesized titanium and zinc oxides photocatalysts: a comparative study

Abstract Nanoparticle TiO2 and ZnO were prepared by facile method. The XRD patt ern study shows that there is no obvious diff erence in crystal composition of various shapes of TiO2 and ZnO. The photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 15, commonly used as a textile dye, using synthesized titanium and zinc oxides was investigated. The effects of influential parameters such as initial pH, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration and addition of hydrogen peroxide were studied. The degradation efficiency was expressed by the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The study reveals that: (1) Both catalysts, under corresponding optimal conditions, can be employed as an effective photocatalyst for the elimination of color and COD from dye wastewater. Also, ZnO is more efficient catalyst than TiO2; (2) Addition of proper amount of hydrogen peroxide improves both the decolorization and the degradation of the dye; (3) The photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 15, in the presence of both photocatalysts, obeyed pseudo-first order kinetics. The biodegradability ratio BOD5/COD increases from original zero up to 0.52 and 0.6 within 90 minutes irradiation time using 1 and 0.75 g/L TiO2 and ZnO, respectively.

PREPARATION OF MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE VIA MICROWAVE INDUCED ALLOYING

The concept of “Green Chemistry” was first introduced in 1990. One of the criteria accepted was to perform an energy efficient processes and reactions. Microwave technique was found to be promising method to promote and support “Green Chemistry” since it offers low energy usage and faster reaction time. Based on this idea, this study focused on the preparation of molybdenum carbide using microwave specially modified for this purpose. Commonly, process requires high temperature and pressure conditions thus might lead to inefficient and required high amount of energy. In this study, commercially obtained activated carbon was impregnated with molybdenum solution followed by Microwave Induced Alloying (MIA) method with 2 minutes irradiation time in inert condition of nitrogen atmosphere. Ratios of carbon to molybdenum loading were varied respectively according to their stoichiometric molar ratio. The products obtained were characterized using XRD analysis. As a result, molybdenum carbide was successfully prepared using this method.

EVALUATION OF GROWTH PARAMETERS AND SPECTROSCOPIC INDEXES OF CANOLA FROM SEEDS SUBJECTED TO NON- IONIZING RADIATION STRESS

This study reports the effect of UV-VIS rays on the spectroscopic indexes and the growth parameters of canola cotyledon. Canola seeds were exposed to incoherent continuously radiation with wavelengths between 300 and 750 nm emitted by a high pressure lamp, for different exposure times. An untreated sample is used for comparison purposes. Seed germination and allometric scaling were related to irradiance treatments. The unsaturation and carbonyl spectroscopic indexes changes in the canola cotyledon stems from irradiated seeds were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectrophotometric methods. FTIR spectra suggest that the processes of irradiation do not affect the chemical fingerprints (ca. 900 1200 cm-1) and had no significant effect (p > 0.05) to the molecular spectrum in lipid related functional groups. On the other side, the results of non parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test confirm that all investigated samples are independent. The main significant effect was obtained at root level to the sample irradiated for 160 minutes (.2 = 11.358, df = 3, p =0.010). The growth of the organ parts was characterized by a negative allometric factor for control, 280 minutes and 460 minutes irradiated samples. However, for 160 minutes irradiation time, an isometric scaling (a =1.013) was obtained. The results show that 177 kJ/m2 ultraviolet dose was not strong enough to induce changes in lipid conformation. Significant changes in terms of growth parameters of canola cotyledon can be observed mainly caused by continuously emission lines at 365 nm, 436 nm and 620 nm. In the cases of irradiated seeds the proportion of germinating seeds decreased compared with the control sample. The largest decrease occurs at 160 minutes irradiation time. In this case a strong absorption of the orange radiation on 620 nm is probable. It may be assumed that the canola seeds are negatively photoblastic, in most cases. This study will prospectively justify the response investigation of molecular structure and growth parameters to various external stresses induced on the canola seeds differentiated by the age of plant and by selected wavelengths.

A New Trend in Radiation Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex with a Low Energy Electron Beam

The natural rubber latex (NRL) was radiation vulcanized under a pilot plant of low energy electron accelerator. Accelerating voltage and maximum beam current of this accelerator are 250 kV and 10 mA respectively. Irradiation on NRL was carried out in a reaction vessel with constant stirring. In order to obtain a suitable setting of experiment for radiation vulcanization with the plant, the parameters such as defoamer concentration, irradiation time, volume of latex, beam current, latex concentration etc. were optimized by varying the individual parameter at a constant set of the other variables. Radiation vulcanization accelerators (RVA) were normal butyl acrylate (n-BA) and nonane-diol-diacrylate (NDDA). Twenty minutes irradiation time is enough to vulcanize 14 L of latex when 5 phr RVA (any type) are used. Maximum tensile strength of the radiation vulcanized NRL films obtained with 5 phr of NDDA or n-BA is ∼26 MPa. About 30 MPa tensile strength was obtained from the rubber film by irradiating 25% diluted latex for 20 min.

Low-Level Laser-Assisted Lipoplasty Appearance of Fat Demonstrated by MRI on Abdominal Tissue

Introduction: In an effort to study the changes of subcutaneous fat after exposure to a low-level diode laser and tumescent infiltration, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are presented. The subcutaneous abdominal fat is exposed for 4 and 6 minutes irradiation time. This has previously been studied using a scanning electron microscope. The anatomical characteristics of the superficial and deep fat previously described by other authors are correlated with the scanning electron microscope and MRI. The changes in the characteristics of the fat before and after tumescence and before and after application of the low-level diode laser are shown. Materials and Methods: By using MRI techniques, 3 patients were evaluated prior to infiltrating the subcutaneous tissue with tumescent fluid with T1 and T2 sequences. The same patients were evaluated again after applying or infiltrating the tumescence and again after exposure using the low-level laser beam for 4 and 6 minutes. Conclusion: The MRI showed no laser exposure in the T1 sequence; the adipose tissue, both superficially and deep, appears to have a bright signal and is homogenously distributed. After 4 minutes of laser exposure, the T1 sequence demonstrated that the adipose tissue is partially coalescent and has changed its signal. After 6 minutes of laser exposure, the MRI demonstrated that the adipose tissue is much more coalescent and is blurred. The fatty density and organization seems to have changed completely after exposure to the laser beam for this period of time. (The scanning electron microscope revealed that at this particular time 100% of the fat was in the interstitial space and the transitory pore was now open.) The MRI evaluation of the subcutaneous fat seems to correlate well with the findings of the scanning electron microscope, showing that there is a definite change in the consistency of the subcutaneous fat following exposure to the low-level electronic diode laser.