Minutes Of Exercise Research Articles

Effect of Motor Relearning Program with Obstacle Walking on Dynamic Gait Performance and Functional Mobility in Subacute Stroke Subjects

Background: Gait difficulties are common post-stroke due to muscle weakness and postural imbalance. Motorrelearning program is known to improve motor skills through task oriented practice, appropriate feedback andactive participation of subjects. Obstacle walking helps in improving gait parameters, stepping over objects,walking endurance and reduces fall risk.Objectives: To determine effect of Motor Relearning Program with obstacle walking on dynamic gait performanceand functional mobility in sub-acute stroke subjects.Materials and Methods: 30 sub-acute stroke subjects were assigned to one of the two groups. Group-A receivedMotor Relearning Program and Group-B received Motor Relearning Program with obstacle walking for 30 minutes,5 days a week for 4 weeks. Both groups received 15 minutes of conventional exercises for upper limb. Dynamicgait performance and functional mobility were assessed pre- and post-intervention at 4 weeks using Dynamic GaitIndex and Motor Assessment Scale.Results: Pre-test scores of DGI and MAS were 11.53±3.53 and 3.83±0.48 in Group-A, 12.43±4.12 and 3.67±0.81in Group-B which improved to 15.80±3.82 and 4.07±0.59 in Group-A, 18.67±4.86 and 4.73±0.96 in Group-B, postintervention.Within group comparison of pre to post-test scores of DGI and MAS was found to be statisticallysignificant in both groups. When post-test scores of DGI and MAS were compared in between groups, Group-Bwas found to be statistically significant than Group-A (p<0.05).Conclusion: Both interventions were individually effective but Motor Relearning Program with obstacle walkingwas better than Motor Relearning Program alone to improve dynamic gait performance and functional mobilityin sub-acute stroke subjects.

Effect of acute exercise on Cardiovascular and Serum cortisol reactivity to mental stress in offspring of hypertensives

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of acute exercise on HR, BP and serum cortisol levels in offspring of hypertensives. This could serve as a preventive measure to habituate the high risk population group right at the early age. Material and Methods: The study was a double blind single centered randomized controlled prospective study conducted in the Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated hospitals, New Delhi over a period of 1 year. 30 subjects were recruited for the study. They were labelled as:- Group 1–the subjects were rested for 10 minutes after which the measurement of BP, HR and Serum cortisol was done. This resting value was labeled as R-1. The subjects were then exposed to mental arithmetic test (MAT) for 5 minutes. Thereafter their BP, HR and Serum Cortisol were measured again and labeled as T-1. Group 2–Same subjects were similarly rested for 10 minutes after which the measurement of BP, HR and S. cortisol was done. This resting value was labeled as R-2. This was followed by 20 minutes of Bicycle ergometry exercise. The subjects were then exposed to MAT for 5 minutes. Thereafter their BP, HR and Serum cortisol were measured again and labeled as T-2. We then compared (T2–R2) known as Cardio-Adrenal Reactivity (CAR) with exercise vs CAR without exercise (T1-R1). 2ml of blood sample was withdrawn for estimation S. cortisol. Paired t-test was applied for comparison (p value <0.05–significant). Results: The CAR was more in Group 1 compared to Group 2, difference being statistically significant. Conclusion: Study showed statistically significant change between with and without exercise groups. Acute exercise can reduce the adrenocortical reactivity to stress, a preventive tool for development of future hypertension.

Comprehensive Management of Hypertension: Enhancing Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Background: In the entire world, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are primarily brought on by hypertension, or elevated blood pressure. From 4.5% (0.9 billion adults) in 2000 to 7% (1.6 billion adults) in 2010, the prevalence of hypertension has increased in relation to the global burden of diseases. Comprehensive management including non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies of hypertension. Healthy lifestyle choices can lower cardiovascular risk and postpone or prevent the onset of high blood pressure. Additionally, the first line of antihypertensive therapy is lifestyle change. One of the best way of life adjustments for lowering blood pressure is weight loss. Physical activity on a regular basis can reduce high blood pressure by 5 to 8 mm Hg. Every day, try to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, or dancing. High-intensity interval training is an alternative option. Short bursts of intense exercise are interspersed with slower intervals of activity during this form of training. A diet low in saturated fat, salt, and cholesterol and high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products can reduce high blood pressure by up to 11 mm Hg. It is possible to reduce blood pressure by roughly 4 mm Hg by limiting alcohol consumption to fewer than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for males. Quitting smoking can potentially extend life by lowering blood pressure, lowering the risk of heart disease, and improving general health. The quality of your sleep can affect your blood pressure. Chronic (long-term) emotional stress may be a factor in high blood pressure. Controlling blood pressure also requires taking it at home and going to the doctor frequently. Strong social networks of family and friends are crucial for health. Following lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapy should be started. The choice of medication is based on the patient's age, general cardiovascular risk, and co-morbidities. The pharmaceutical treatment plans suggested here are generally in line with the most recent US and European recommendations. Conclusion: The optimal initial treatment strategy for hypertension should be comprehensive hypertension management, which focuses on lowering total cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes, BP lowering, and lipid management.

EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBICO NOS ÍNDICES DE FUNÇÃO FÍSICA DOS IDOSOS

ABSTRACT Introduction China is currently experiencing the problem of population aging, and the health status of the elderly has become a major focus of social attention. Objective Study the effect of aerobic exercise on the indices of physical function in the elderly. Methods 40 elderly people performed aerobic exercise 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Each exercise lasted 60 minutes, including 10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (running, brisk walking, square dancing, among other activities), and 10 minutes of final cool-down. Data measurement included body indices, cardiopulmonary function, blood markers, and exercise capacity. Results Aerobic exercise can effectively improve the body shape, cardiopulmonary function, and blood lipid content of the elderly, and improve their flexibility and physical quality, enhancing their activities of daily living. Conclusion The results of this study show that aerobic exercise can effectively improve the body performance of the elderly in activities of daily living, effectively optimizing cardiopulmonary and lipid indexes. Engaging the elderly to participate in aerobic exercise should be considered by community social workers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Childhood Overweight Obesity And Associated Factors Among Urban Children In Auranagabad A Cross Sectional Study.

Background- Obesity in increasing global threat for many diseases and disorders. Objectives- Objective of this study were to identify the associated risk factors in the study population and to assess the relationship with the risk factors. Methods- This was the cross-sectional survey conducted using random sampling tech.in Aurangabad city. A total of 200 obese children studied. Dietary habits and lack of exercise, lifestyle factors was determined using questionnaire methods, BMI, MUAC tape. After successful evaluation of subjects, some dietary changes, lifestyle changes, regular 45 minutes of exercise is suggested and taken. results were taken after 15 days of regular session. Results – In this present study it was noted that the 58% were male and 41% were female almost 97% children’s were come to school by vehicle. The frequency of junk food is higher than vegetables, fruits. This leads to obesity in children. In our study focus on the on lifestyle intervention plan for children’s it was shown that the positive effect on improved participants dietary pattern and was effective in reducing excess weight programme was conducted for 30 days including with physical activity and nutritional counselling on obese adolescents and found a reduction in body weight. Conclusion - It concludes a higher prevalence of obesity among study subjects. It is implemented that decreased fast foods, having regular exercise, eating fiber, complex carbs, and essential fats are important to prevent obesity for better performance in study, for stronger immunity and better life style.

INFLUÊNCIAS DA GINÁSTICA NA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E NA FUNÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR DE ATLETAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobics is a recreational, ornamental, rhythmic, and expressive sport. It is widely used in physical education in colleges and universities because it is also believed that this sport benefits the cardiopulmonary function and the body composition of the practitioners. Objective: Study the influences of aerobic gymnastics on body composition and cardiopulmonary function in its practitioners. Methods: 40 college students volunteered for the research sample. The living conditions and learning level of the subjects were the same. The students were divided into two groups for research. There was no significant difference between the groups comparing the volunteers’ age, height, and weight. The high-load group performed exercises with a maximum heart rate of 220, while the low-load group performed the same protocol under a maximum heart rate of 195 beats per minute. The intervention took place over 40 and 60 minutes of exercise, respectively, for eight weeks. The POLAR monitor was used to check the kinematic performance of the athletes. The data were processed statistically. Results: Aerobic gymnastics influenced the body composition of college students with significant differences in bust circumference, waist, hip, thigh, and skinfold thickness (P<0.05). The athletes' heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, and diastolic pressure increased significantly after aerobic gymnastics. The study showed that the resting heart rate of the volunteers decreased significantly after exercise, and their lung function returned to normal (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve the body composition, physiology, and cardiopulmonary function of its practitioners, and its greater encouragement in colleges and universities is recommended. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Glycemic Behavior of Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a dysfunction in the pancreas that prevents the production of insulin, responsible for controlling blood glucose, resulting in permanent hyperglycemia, commonly accompanied by dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. The long-term consequences of this disease have the possibility of compromising the function of different organs such as the heart, eyes, kidneys, blood vessels and susceptibility to infections, resulting in chronic changes such as: coronary heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and atherothrombotic. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a systematic review, which was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations, of studies that analyzed the effects of interval training on high-intensity (HIIT) in glycemic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The screening process and selection of articles was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Google academic databases. Randomized clinical trials that adopted high-intensity interval training interventions were included in this review. Results: 524 studies were identified, of which only nine met the eligibility criteria. It was observed that they worked with a sample between 3 and 17 participants, most of them with men and women, all studies carried out the intervention with an ergometric bicycle with a duration between 25 and 45 minutes of exercise and sprints determined by VO2max interspersed with active rest and/or or at rest. Conclusion: When analyzing the results of the studies included in this review, it is clear that most of them showed relevant results for glycemic control during the practice of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in order to avoid hypoglycemia and/ or hyperglycemia during carrying out the exercise.

Mindfulness-Based Teaching Competency Assessment: Comparing Self-Assessment With Expert Evaluation in the Veterans Administration - Compassionate Awareness Learning Module Program.

Meditation, including Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI), is a required Complementary and Integrative Health intervention at the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Training VA clinicians to provide MBI at scale must address fidelity concerns and the assessment of clinician competency. The psychometric properties of the Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC), a widely used tool for assessing facilitator competence, continue to be explored. To support the dissemination of MBI, the utility of using the MBI:TAC for self-assessment for clinicians in a national training program was evaluated. In a training cohort of VA clinicians (n = 39), participant self evaluations on 2 domains of the MBI:TAC are compared to the competency scores of 2 expert evaluators as based on the observations of a 10-minute exercise. Additionally, the inter-rater reliability between the 2 experts was explored. Intraclass Correlation for the 2 expert evaluators for Guiding Practice was significant (ρ = .83, P = .003), but was not significant for Embodiment of Mindfulness (ρ = .34, P = .186). Self-evaluation scores were not significantly correlated to expert rater scores such that participants rate their level of competence higher than expert scores. The MBI:TAC, while an essential tool in teacher training, may not produce accurate scores when used for self-assessment. Instruction from a senior teacher is needed for accurate scoring. Interrater reliability may be improved with enhanced domain operationalization and training. Implications for MBI training are explored.

Comparative study between suprascapular nerve block versus platelet rich plasma in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder is a condition characterised by painful restriction of active and passive glenohumeral range of motion in at least two directions most notably shoulder abduction and external rotation. [1] Therapeutic options for the management of adhesive capsulitis are NSAIDs, intra-articular steroid injections, Suprascapular nerve block (SSNB), platelet rich plasma Injection (PRP), manipulation under general anaesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release. SSNB is an old and effective method for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Recently USG guided nerve blocks have been found to be safer and more efficacious compared to blind, landmark guided nerve blocks. PRP is newer modality of treatment in regenerative medicine to enhance the healing process in adhesive capsulitis.AIM: To evaluate & compare the outcome of adhesive capsulitis after either injection of PRP or SSNB. Materials and Methods: Patients with Adhesive capsulitis either received single injection of SSNB (n=45) (40 mg methylprednisolone + 5ml 2% lignocaine) or PRP (n=45) after randomization. All participants were also advised to perform a home based 10 minute exercise therapy after injection. The outcome were measured by using Constant and Murley shoulder score. Participants were evaluated at 0 (post-procedure), 3rd day,1 and 6 month. One way ANOVA-F has been used to compare between groups. Results: PRP showed significant difference in improvement than SSNB. No major adverse effect were seen in both groups. Conclusion: Both treatment modalities are effective with better result in PRP group than SSNB in long term follow-ups.

The Beneficial Effect of 12-Hour Fasting, 45 Minutes Exercise Thrice Weekly and Their Combination on Weight Loss, Anthropometric Measures and Metabolic Syndrome

The Beneficial Effect of 12-Hour Fasting, 45 Minutes Exercise Thrice Weekly and Their Combination on Weight Loss, Anthropometric Measures and Metabolic Syndrome

The effects of wearing KF94 masks on cardiorespiratory function and hemorheological response during moderate intensity exercise in adult males

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of wearing a Korea filter 94 (KF94) mask on cardiorespiratory function and hemorheological responses during moderate intensity exercise in men during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 12 healthy males aged 20 to 29 years (28.3 ± 3.6 yr) were recruited for this study. The exercise intensity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold level was determined following a maximum graded exercise test, and exercise was performed for 40 minutes with a cycle ergometer at the target exercise intensity. Cardiorespiratory function, blood pressure, and hemorheological responses were measured every 10 minutes at rest and during exercise. Our results indicated no differences between conditions in respiratory frequency (Rf), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide production (V̇ CO2), and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2). However, oxygen consumption (V̇ O2) was significantly lower in the KF94 mask group compared to the control. There were no differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate pressure product (RPP), aggregation index (AI), and blood critical stress (BCS) between the two groups. The mask group had a significant respiratory exchange ratio (R) at rest and during 10 minutes exercise compared to the control. The elongation index was higher at rest, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes in the mask group than control group (p < 0.05). Overall, our results suggest that although V̇ O2 was decreased and R values were increased, the effects of other physiological parameters and hemorheological responses imposed by face masks during moderate intensity exercise are small. Thus, although negative effects of using face masks affect exercise capacity (i.e., exercise tolerance), our findings suggest that individuals wearing KF94 could safely exercise and get some health benefits from physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Motivations and barriers to exercise among clinicians

ABSTRACT According to Kirk & Rhodes (2011), Nooijen et al. (2018), and Saridi et al. (2019), the motivators and barriers to exercise are influenced by one’s occupation, especially among those in the healthcare field. We sought to examine the barriers and motivators to physical activity that are distinctive to clinicians. Community hospital clinicians were surveyed regarding motivators and barriers to exercise that they experience, their burnout levels as described by an adaptation of the Mini-Z single item burnout scale, and average weekly exercise habits. The top barriers and motivators were then correlated to burnout levels, levels of physical activity, and demographics. We received 64 total responses from clinicians. The overall average level of burnout was 2.37 and the median level was 2. Approximately 38% of clinicians reported adhering to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines of 150 minutes of exercise per week, while 33% of clinicians exercise <75 minutes per week. The top general motivator was for one’s own well-being and the top clinician-related motivator was reducing stress. The top two barriers to exercise were COVID-19 concerns at an indoor exercise facility and a lack of time. Higher average levels of burnout were experienced by those who marked being too stressed or too burnt out as barriers to exercise. Because of clinicians’ roles in propagating healthy practices in their patients from their own habits, wellness programs should be aimed at capitalizing motivators to combat barriers that this group distinctively experiences. Efforts to improve physical and mental wellness among clinicians will translate into better provider and patient health outcomes.

Walking transmutes the individual health system: diseases

Even though the advantages of regular physical activity (PA) are widely acknowledged, the majority of people fall short of the suggested levels of activity. The world health organization (WHO) lays emphasis on workplace PA promotion as a critical intervention setting to improve the health and well-being of the working population. Given the significance of well-being in work environments, it is worthwhile to investigate the literature's evidence of effectiveness. The purpose of this systematic study is to evaluate how well walking promotes overall improvement in well-being. Your general health can be enhanced or maintained by walking. Just 30 minutes of exercise every day can enhance cardiovascular health, reduce excess body fat, and strengthen bones while also enhancing muscle endurance and strength. It can also lessen your risk of developing conditions like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and various cancers. Walking is a cost-free fitness option that doesn't call for any specialised gear or prior experience. Additionally, walking enhances brain function and helps older people have larger brains.

272 A SUDDENLY RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNT: THE IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATING PATENT FORAMEN OVALE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING

Abstract A 55-years-old male affected by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was accepted into the Cardiology Department for increasing dyspnea during the last few months. He previously underwent implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in primary prevention. Medical history included healthy coronary vessels at invasive coronary angiography and an episode of transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient was referred to our center to evaluate the dyspnea components and to establish an etiology for the novel onset of left ventricular impairment. He underwent a left-right catheterization that did confirm the absence of obstructive coronary disease and signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at rest. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed a dilated left ventricle and global hypokinesia (LVEF of 35%). During the stay, the therapy was further optimized according to the latest European guidelines. Before discharge, in order to better assess the dyspnea and the limited tolerance to exercise, a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed. CPET showed that the VO2 peak was severely reduced compared to the predicted value (16.8 ml/kg/min, corresponding to 51% of the predicted). After 6 minutes of exercise, at around 60 WR, a considerable increase in PETO2 and RER with a concomitant decrease in PETCO2 and a slight oxygen desaturation were observed. Also, a deep increase in VE/VCO2 slope was seen, underlying an exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. In the suspicion of an inter-atrial shunt, a subsequent rest transthoracic echocardiogram with a bubble test was performed, demonstrating the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Discussion The foramen ovale is a vestigial communication between the atria that works as a bypass of the pulmonary circulation during fetal life and then seals at birth after the start of breathing in most people. In around 25% of adults, patency of foramen ovale persists and, in some cases, can lead to a source of a right-to-left shunt, particularly in patients with heart failure that can experience PH at rest or during exercise. This may allow a mixture of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood that affects pulmonary gas exchange efficiency and may allow blood clots formed in the right circulation to embolize into the left circulation. From a pathophysiological point of view, a right-to-left passage of deoxygenated blood induces the activation of chemoreceptors which induce hyperventilation to adequately compensate for the high amount of CO2 in blood from the right sections of the heart. In people not experiencing pulmonary pressure increase during exercise, right-to-left shunt via a PFO is very unlikely since left atrial pressure is higher than right atrial pressure. However, in the presence of PH, right atrial pressure can overcome left atrial pressure and force venous blood through the defect directly into the systemic circulation. The concomitant increase in VE/VCO2 slope underlines exercise-induced PH, which is frequently associated with heart failure and further contributes to exercise intolerance. Conclusions In the presented case, CPET helped diagnose a misunderstood PFO with a right-to-left shunt induced by effort in a patient with a previous TIA. This observation demonstrates that it could be helpful to identify this eventuality during exercise, to discern patients with higher risk of cardiovascular events who would benefit from a percutaneous closure.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS, BODY MASS INDEX, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE, HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE OF OLDER ADOLESCENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, PAKISTAN

Abstract: Insufficient physical activity and Sedentary lifestyle is making youth susceptible to several chronic diseases globally and in Pakistan. This research assessed the association between levels of physical activity and health related fitness status of school and college students from different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. &#x0D; Data was collected from 390 students at secondary schools and colleges. International Self-report measure was used to measure physical activity levels and health related fitness tests (BMI, Harvard step test, push up test and sit and reach test) were used for evaluation of body mass, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, and flexibility. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic data. Group differences and associations were analysed using MANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression. Only 3.84% participants were engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity and all the participants had poor/ below average cardiorespiratory endurance (56.6 ± 4%). Moderate intensity activity was significantly correlated with cardiorespiratory endurance, whereas participation in different sports had significant association with flexibility.&#x0D; The adolescents of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa did not meet the minimum requirements for physical activity levels and had poor cardiorespiratory endurance. Thus, a minimum of 60 minutes of vigorous exercise/ structured physical activity every day should be emphasized in schools and colleges to reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation adaptation protocol during Covid-19 pandemic achieved similar results as compared to non-pandemic usual practice: a single center experience

During the Covid-19 pandemic, exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) faced challenges. Adaptation protocols were implemented to circumvent these challenges. The study aimed to investigate whether the adaptation protocols of EBCR during Covid-19 period influenced the result of cardiac rehabilitation. This was a retrospective cohort study. The subjects were patients who underwent an EBCR program in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The registry of cardiac rehabilitation was obtained and divided into two periods: non-Covid-19 period and Covid-19 period. During the non-Covid-19 period, 3 EBCR sessions per wk (10-12 total sessions) were performed. During the Covid-19 period, EBCR was reduced to 2 sessions per wk (10-12 total sessions). The functional capacities were evaluated as metabolic equivalents (METs) and exercise test time (min) by treadmill test. A total of 122 subjects completed the EBCR. There were no significant differences in METs and exercise minute achieved between two time periods. Among subjects with different sessions per wk, namely 2, 3, and 4-5 sessions per wk, there were no significant differences in METs (7.01±1.89; 7.23±1.74; and 7.33±2.13, p=0.813) and minutesachieved (6.72±1.94; 6.96±1.96; and 6.81±1.84, p=0.848) in the end sessions. In conclusion, the adaptation of EBCR protocols during the Covid-19 period by reducing the number of sessions per wk has similar results as compared to the usual regular EBCR practice.

Effect of Baseline Status on Cardiovascular Responses Post-isometric Handgrip Exercise

Abstract Background Isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise causes changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic responses with individual differences. We test the hypothesis that baseline measurements affect post-exercise outcomes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 45 males aged 17 to 22 were enrolled from SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India. Hemodynamic and HRV data were collected at baseline, during, and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise. Nonparametric tests compared the absolute and relative responses before, during, and after the exercise. The relationship of baseline measurements with outcomes was evaluated using Pearson's correlation. Results The study showed a significant increase in the absolute values of hemodynamic parameters and LF/HF ratio during and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise compared to the baseline. However, a significant decrease and increase occurred in all the relative hemodynamic parameters and most HRV parameters, respectively, after rather than during the 5 minutes of IHG exercise. Hemodynamic parameters significantly correlated with baseline during and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise. Similarly, baseline affects all the HRV parameters during IHG exercise, but not after 5 minutes of IHG exercise. Conclusion The present study concludes that initial baseline status should be considered while evaluating the post-IHG exercise responses.

Measuring Associations Between Physical Activity, Cognitive Ability, and AD‐Vulnerable Brain Networks in Periadolescent Children

AbstractBackgroundAs our population ages, and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and related pathologies become more prevalent, the need for preventative interventions continues to increase. Physical activity has been investigated as a mechanism to improve memory and other cognitive processes in both healthy and pathological aging. In adults, there is evidence that exercise increases hippocampal volume and strengthens connectivity within functional brain networks such as the Default Mode Network (DMN), Frontoparietal Network (FPN), and Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). These networks support cognitive functions such as spatial working memory (SWM) which involves maintenance and manipulation of visuospatial information; notably, SWM declines as AD progresses. Underlying connectivity in functional brain networks and SWM ability are both influenced by exercise in adults. However, this effect has not been replicated in younger cohorts. The effects of exercise on brain structure and function during periadolsecence, a neurodevelopmental period characterized by expansive changes to functional networks that support cognition, remains unclear. The current study tested associations between resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐FC) in brain networks, SWM ability, and self‐reported physical activity in a group of periadolescents.MethodTypically‐developing periadolescent children aged 8 – 13 years (N = 60) completed the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) SWM task, a self‐report physical activity questionnaire, and underwent an MRI of the brain to assess rs‐FC of several functional networks. MRI data were processed using the Human Connectome Project processing pipelines and AFNI software.ResultAnalysis of covariance between rs‐FC of the DMN and physical activity suggested greater within‐network connectivity was associated with more minutes of exercise. A similar pattern of within‐network connectivity in the DMN was also observed in association with SWM performance. The DAN and DMN demonstrated greater between‐network connectivity associated with increased physical activity. The FPN displayed a pattern of greater within‐network connectivity associated with SWM performance.ConclusionCharacterizing the influence of physical activity on development of brain networks that support memory may provide key insights on preserving those networks. Understanding these developmental trajectories, and ways to potentially enhance them, could be important for developing interventions to promote brain health by reducing the risk of neurological disease, including late‐life disorders such as AD.

ANÁLISE DA RESISTÊNCIA CARDIOPULMONAR SOB DIFERENTES CARGAS EM EXERCÍCIOS AERÓBICOS

ABSTRACT Introduction The key objective of aerobic exercise is enhancing cardiorespiratory endurance. On the national gymnastics plan implementation, the idea of lifelong sports was gradually accepted by the masses, and the aerobic gymnastics concept was sweeping the world. Objective Analyze the cardiorespiratory endurance responses in female college students under different frequencies in aerobic exercise. Methods 20 female professors and civilian women were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group performed 45 and 90 minutes of aerobic exercise to analyze changes in cardiopulmonary function before and after each exercise. Results After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise with different loads, all young women who had participated in the program training showed a significant increase in vital capacity and maximal oxygen uptake capacity. The vital capacity of the 90-min aerobic exercise group was significantly higher than that of the 45-min aerobic exercise group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion The establishment of a cardiorespiratory endurance response model can accurately analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

The Effects of a Single Session of High Intensity Functional Training on Energy Expenditure, VO2, and Blood Lactate.

High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we used both indirect calorimetry and blood lactate levels to calculate EE of a single session of HIFT. The HIFT session included four, 6-minute sets of consecutive functional exercises. Examples of the exercises involved were squats, deadlifts, suspension rows, suspension chest press, and planks. Intensity is described relative to individual ventilatory thresholds. The total group EE was 270.3 ± 77.3 kcal with approximately 5% attributed anaerobic energy production. VO2 ranged between 88.8 ± 12.3% and 99 ± 12% of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), indicating a vigorous effort. After each work interval, peak blood lactate ranged between 7.9 ± 1.9 and 9.3 ± 2.9 mmol, and rate of perceived exertion between 6.9 ± 1.0 and 8.7 ± 0.8 arbitrary units from 1-10. These were achieved in approximately 46 minutes of exercise per participant. In conclusion, HIFT elicits the energy expenditure and effort requisite to result in the adaptive responses to produce the known suite of benefits of exercise for individuals with MetS.