Mint Tea Research Articles

Rapid headspace analysis of commercial spearmint and peppermint teas using volatile 'fingerprints' and an electronic nose.

Spearmint and peppermint teas are widely consumed around the world for their flavor and therapeutic properties. Dynamic headspace sampling (HS) coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with principal component analysis (PCA) of 'fingerprint' volatile profiles were used to investigate 27 spearmint and peppermint teas. Additionally, comparisons between mint teas were undertaken with an electronic nose (enose). Twenty compounds, all previously known in the literature, were identified using HS-GC-MS. PCA found distinct differences between the fingerprint volatile profiles of spearmint, peppermint and spearmint/peppermint combination teas. HS-GC-MS analysis performed with an achiral column allowed faster processing time and yielded tighter clustering of PCA tea groups than the analysis which used a chiral column. Two spearmint outliers were detected. One showed a high degree of variation in volatile composition and a second wholly overlapped with the peppermint PCA grouping. Enose analysis separated all treatments with no overlaps. Characterizing the volatile fingerprints of mint teas is critical to quality control for this valuable agricultural product. The results of this study show that fingerprint volatile profiles and enose analysis of mint teas are distinctive and could be used to rapidly identify unknown samples. With specific volatile profiles identified for each tea, samples could be tested in the laboratory, or potentially on a farm or along the supply chain, to confirm the provenance and authenticity of mint food or beverage commodities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

The Control of Novel and Traditional Elemental Impurities: Ag, Au, Co, Cs, Li, Mo, Se, Sr, and V in Mint Tea Infusions (Peppermint, Mentha piperita L.) Available in Poland: A Health Risk Assessment.

The purpose of our studies is the evaluation of the health risks of the novel elemental impurities (Ag, Au, Co, Cs, Li, Mo, Se, Sr, and V) in mint tea infusions (Mentha piperita L.) available in Poland. For this purpose, we applied ICP-MS-based methodology for content analysis (elemental profile and µg/L of the infusion) and also the specific health risk assessment for a comprehensive assessment. Our strategy was based on weekly intake (µg/L of infusion/week) considering weekly tea consumption. Then, based on the weekly consumption of tea per adult, individuals were compared to the Temporary Tolerated Weekly Intake (PTWI) designated by the Joint FAO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), and the weekly consumption per body weight (µg/L of infusion/week/bw) was estimated. Daily exposure to Co in the tested products is in a range of 0.093-0.238 µg/day. In comparison, the established PDE (oral exposure) for Co by the ICH guideline (the ICH guideline Q3D (R1), 2019) is 50 µg/day. For lithium, PDE is approximately 560 µg/day and, in our study, the estimated daily exposure for Li in investigated products is in a range of 0.226-2.41 µg/day. Our studies found also low levels of Cs (in a range of 0.0598-0.195 µg/L), Mo (in a range of 0.663-3.261 µg/L), and Sr (0.223-65.842 µg/L) in infusions. For Molybdenum, the established PDE is approximately 3400 µg/day. There are no documents about Sr and Co in the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) database and the ICH guideline Q3D (R1). In the case of V, the established PDE is 120 µg/day, and the level of V in analyzed infusions is in a range of 0.284-0.702 µg/L. Silver and gold were present only in a few samples, and the estimated daily exposure for Ag is approximately 0.04575 µg/day for product A and approximately 0.1885 µg/day for product O, except for Au, which is in a range of 0.000356-0.114 µg/L. The estimated daily exposure for Ag is 167 µg/day and, for Au, it is in a range of 8.9 × 105-0.0285 µg/day. It can be concluded that levels of all investigated elements (novel and also traditional elemental impurities) in the daily dose should not threaten the consumer's health after consuming mint tea infusions.

Occurrence and risk exposure assessment of multiple pesticide residues in edible mint in China

In China, the status and risks of pesticide residues in edible mint is essentially unknown. In this study, we evaluated the residual status and associated risks of 208 pesticides in edible mints. Among the 16 pesticide residues detected, there were eight fungicides, six insecticides, and two herbicides, with difenoconazole exhibiting the highest detection rate of 25.55%. A proportion of 53.28% of the mint samples were detected with at least one pesticide residue. Dietary risk measured as cHQ and aHQ was < 100% and the health risks was acceptable in both adults and children; however, the aHQ in children was comparatively higher than that in the general population. Furthermore, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and bifenthrin, had a risk score of 18, which should receive considerable attention. In summary, the present study reveals the residue levels and exposure risks of pesticides and helps recognize the significance of establishing scientific guidance for production and consumption of mint tea.

The Toxicological Safety Assessment of Heavy Metal Impurities (As, Pb, and Cd) in Mint Tea Infusions (Mentha piperita L.) Available in Polish Markets.

Mint tea (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most widely consumed single infusion herbal teas (infusion) around the world; however, impurities and pollutants can pose a potential health risk to human health during tea drinking. The idea of this study was the comprehensive toxicological risk assessment (TRA) of three heavy metals (As, Pb, and Cd) in mint tea infusions (Mentha piperita L.; n = 17) available in Polish markets. We applied an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based methodology for the determination of the chosen heavy metals and designed a specific TRA approach. The first step in our TRA was the determination of the elements investigated (heavy metal impurity profile, µg/L of infusion). The second step was the estimation of the weekly intake (µg/L of infusion/week) based on the weekly consumption of tea. The third step was the estimation of the weekly intake per body weight (µg/L of infusion/week/bw) based on the weekly consumption of tea per adult person compared to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The level of investigated heavy metals occurs in all of the investigated mint tea infusions but at a relatively low level. The heavy metal profile indicated presence of As (0.36-1.254µg/L), Pb (0.47-1.24µg/L), and Cd (0.17-0.40µg/L) in all the samples investigated. The basic analysis of the general content shows that As levels (mean = 0.70µg/L) were very similar to the Pb levels (mean = 0.72µg/L). The Cd content (mean = 0.21µg/L) was approximately 3.5 times lower than the As and Pb levels. TRA provides satisfactory results for regulatory purposes. TRA for the elements investigated in the analyzed products indicated that there was no health hazard to consumers for weekly exposure. The results indicated that the levels of investigated elements in daily doses should not represent any health hazard to the consumer after drinking mini tea infusions from products available in Polish markets. This well-designed TRA methodology was useful and important for regulatory toxicology purposes.

Hazard Coefficient of Copper Present in Mint Herbal Tea Infusions in Relation to the Age of Surveyed Preschool Children

Providing the population with sufficient quantities of hygienically healthy food is the foundation of public health protection. According to the current BiH Law on Food, the main goal is to ensure a high level of human health protection, and the measures applied should be based on risk assessment. Regular food monitoring is one of the key public health problems, and this paper presents the quantitative risk of copper intake by consuming mint herbal tea infusions. The average copper concentration in the 20 analyzed samples of mint herbal tea infusions was 0.0028 ± 0.0125 mg / kg, while the value of the average daily intake was less than the oral reference dose for copper, so that the hazard coefficient itself was &lt;1 , and consuming the analyzed infusions of herbal mint tea has no harmful effects on the health of the surveyed children.

Tropane alkaloids in mint teas at the Serbian market

The interest in tropane alkaloids as food contaminants has been increasing. The tropane alkaloids are plant toxins that mainly occur in Atropa, Datura and Hyoscyamus sp belonging to the Solanaceae family. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of atropine and scopolamine in the mint tea samples from the Serbian market. Tea, which has beneficial properties thanks to the phenolic compounds, can be accidentally contaminated by many weed seeds which contain the tropane alkaloids during the harvest. Only the tropane alkaloids present in the tea bags before the tea making were analysed. Atropine and scopolamine were detected in 30% of the analysed samples in the concentration above the limit of quantification.

A Warm Tea: The Role of Temperature and Hydroperiod on Litter Decomposition in Temporary Wetlands

Increasing global temperature and changes in the precipitation regime affect the global carbon cycle by altering the process of organic matter decomposition. Temporary aquatic systems are especially susceptible to climate change. We hypothesized that water availability and temperature affect the early and late stages of decomposition of litter differently and determine the decomposition rates according to litter type. We conducted two decomposition experiments using green (Camellia sinensis L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L.) tea in commercial bags. In the laboratory experiment, we incubated the bags at two contrasting temperatures (4 and 15°C) and in three simulated hydroperiods (M: moist, MS: submerged after 14 days, S: submerged). A field experiment was carried out in winter and spring in nine temporary wetlands (meadows) along a precipitation gradient (from forest to steppe ecosystems) in the Argentinean Patagonia. Water stimulated the leaching of soluble substances in the S treatment and was the conducting factor in early decomposition stages. Temperature stimulated tea decomposition in advanced stages, and both water and temperature exerted a different response depending on the litter type. In the field experiment, mass loss in meadows was determined by the hydroperiod condition, both in winter and spring. Detritus type was the controlling factor in steppe meadows, but on forest meadows water level stimulated both litter types, and temperature increased decomposition. Under the expected increase of temperature and decrease of precipitations in future climate scenarios, organic matter accumulation would increase in steppe meadows and decomposition would be higher in forest meadows.

Development of a fully water-dilutable mint concentrate based on a food-approved microemulsion

Mentha spicata L. disappears in winter. The lack of fresh mint during the cold season can be a limiting factor for the preparation of mint tea. A fresh taste source that can be kept during winter is mint essential oil. As the oil is not soluble in water, a food-approved, water-soluble essential oil microemulsion was studied, investigating different surfactants, in particular Tween® 60. The challenge was to dissolve an extremely hydrophobic essential oil in a homogeneous, stable, transparent, and spontaneously forming solution of exclusively edible additives without adulterating the original fresh taste of the mint. Making use of the microemulsions’ water and oil pseudo-phases, hydrophilic sweeteners and hydrophobic dyes could be incorporated to imitate mint leaf infusions aromatically and visually. The resulting formulation was a concentrate, consisting of ∼ 90% green components, which could be diluted with water or tea to obtain a beverage with a pleasant minty taste.

Determination of physical and chemical properties of kombucha teas prepared with different herbal teas

In this research, kombucha tea was prepared using 5 different tea extracts and physicochemical and sensory analyses were made. The tea extracts used are black tea, green tea, sage, linden and mint, respectively. The prepared tea samples were subjected to fermentation for 14 days. In tea samples, pH, electrical conductivity, water-soluble solid and phenolic components were analyzed before and after fermentation. pH values decreased by an average of 63% in all tea samples after fermentation. The electrical conductivity increased in black tea, green tea and mint tea, while sage and linden decreased. Brix values decreased in all tea samples, the most decrease was in black tea. Total amount of phenolic contents of kombucha tea samples decreased excluding mint tea sample. As a result of sensory analysis of tea samples, mint tea got the highest score. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the kombucha tea, which is usually made with black and green tea, can be prepared with teas of different flavors and its consumption can be increased.

Boom: A Story of Erasure, Accident, and Exposure in the New Mexico Desert

Boom:A Story of Erasure, Accident, and Exposure in the New Mexico Desert Tyler Mills (bio) Mountains curtained the sky ahead of us. Spring hadn't arrived, but the sun blasted the paling road, the finch-feather grass, and the torches of evergreen all the same. Time seemed suspended—but not in seasonless sunshine. Instead, I passed through something like time on the Safety Corridor on 502 to Los Alamos. As I rounded a cliff, light splashed over my shoulders, and like hose water, all over the hood of the car. Oppenheimer vacationed here in what he thought of as "impossibly remote" terrain. Before the shock wave. Before the light became something more than light, visible only the instant the blast cooled just enough for the cameras. Cameras captured the images we know: the bulbs, the mushrooms, the turrets of clouds. When you are here, in New Mexico, where the potential for infinite destruction all began, you feel like you are in a photograph. But seconds still tick at the wrist like blood sluicing through a vein. Before a tower dropped the Trinity bomb in what is now the White Sands Missile Range, boys put frogs in each other's beds at the Los Alamos Ranch School in cabins that would later become ad hoc labs and workshops for plutonium. This was before the facility became a campus, before the town gridded into housing developments and grocery stores. Before we burned our way into a new geological epoch. Before everything changed. [End Page 79] On your way into town, the landscape leading into Los Alamos opens up to cliffs that frame the sky like a shag haircut. An ice cream scoop could have carved the rock out, and all the trees clinging to it in the wind hardly move—gnarled, twisted. Here, beauty is a word that arrives in the mind slowly, the way water boils an egg. Except for the make and model of the cars swerving past you on the corkscrew turns, and maybe except for the oddly warm winter—hardly any snow since January, which will mean more summer wildfires—the charged quality of the air tricks you into thinking you're back in time seventy years. If there is one spark, one cigarette, one blue pinprick of static at your sleeve, one open can of gasoline, could all of this vaporize? The name "Los Alamos" means the poplars, more specifically the cottonwoods that pour into the sky. The nuclear facility hums here, though you can't hear it. Everything around it pushes you away gently. You can enter the small science museum for free. You will not be tempted to purchase a book because the bookstore went out of business before you arrived. One rare afternoon, the Los Alamos National Laboratory's presence announced itself in Santa Fe. That winter morning, I was sipping mint tea in front of my laptop screen hoping to settle the question mark curling in my stomach. All of a sudden I heard a roar. Everything became part of the sound, its color a deep blue. My mind smeared like light between the stardust whorls of the Milky Way. Did a massive engine blast past my building then vanish? I thought about guns. Military jets. I went to the window and touched the glass. Cold. Sun grazed the roofs of the cars in the lot below me, and beyond them, the field where prairie dogs burrow into the earth stretched out emptily. No one in a puffy vest and neon hat wandered down into the arroyo. The mountains rose like a stage backdrop, this time peach under a pale blue sky. Nothing. January was January, and I returned to my desk. The shape within me had grown a silky pelt of hair. I shivered and wrapped my cape-like synthetic sweater tighter around myself. Nothing stirred. The size of a pea pod, my secret could open and close its mouth and fists. Out my window overlooking the road, a U-Haul swerved around the bend, broadcasting the graphic of another state on the side of the truck. Colorado, a bighorn sheep. And so the New Mexico mountain town became ordinary again...

Zirconium nanoparticles based ligandless dispersive solid phase extraction for the determination of antimony in bergamot and mint tea samples by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

A sensitive and effective analytical method was developed to preconcentrate antimony from the bergamot and mint tea samples for its determination at trace levels by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SQT-FAAS) system. The developed method was based on vortex assisted ligandless dispersive solid phase extraction (VA-LDSPE) using zirconium nanoparticles (Zr-NPs) as sorbent material for the adsorption of the target analyte. All variables involved in the DSPE method (pH value, nanoparticle amount, mixing and eluent type/volume) were optimized to boost the absorbance signal of antimony. Using the optimal parameters, the method provided satisfactory detection and quantification limits of 8.0 and 26.8 μg L−1, respectively. A 180 folds enrichment factor was achieved by the developed method when compared with the detection power of the FAAS. Linear range of the proposed method was found to be 30–250 μg L−1, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.9992. The established Zr-NPs-VA-LDSPE-SQT-FAAS method was successfully implemented to bergamot tea samples in order to check accuracy and applicability. The obtained recovery values ranged between 93–102%, and this demonstrated that the complex matrices tested did not affect the accuracy of quantifying antimony.

In-vitro digestion of the bioactives originating from the Lamiaceae family herbal teas: A kinetic and PLS modeling study.

The stability of lavender, lemon balm, mint, sage, and thyme teas was investigated using in-vitro simulation of the digestive system. Kinetics of changes in the total polyphenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity during the in-vitro trials were also evaluated. Results showed that TPC of mint teas decreases the fastest. Mathematical models for prediction of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of prepared teas based on UV-VIS and NIR spectra collected before, during, and after simulation showed that the best prediction was obtained for the wavelength ranges from 410 to 900nm, 904 to 928nm, and 1,399 to 1699nm. It was concluded that the NIR can be used for calibration, validation, and classification of teas prepared from Lamiaceae plants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The bioactives' in-vitro digestion process can successfully be characterized by chemical, spectroscopic, and mathematical analysis. Application of NIR spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate analysis, leads to a reduction of time, costs, and chemical consumption and gives reliable results that pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries can benefit from.

Antibacterial activity of watery and ethanolic extracts of Black Tea and peppermint (In vitrostudy)

Background:The most important medical challenge is the emergence of bacterial resistant to traditional antibiotics. So the need for new pharmaceutical compound derived from daily intake plant material. Mint and black tea used extensively in Arabic area as hot or cold drink &#x0D; Objective: investigate the bacterial activity of mint and black tea aqueous extract against many bacterial genera.&#x0D; Material and methods: from the local market of Baghdad Province, Iraq, dry black tea was obtained; while, peppermint (Mentha piperita L) was harvested from Iraqi plants during April 2020. Active ingredients extracted using either ethanol or water and their antibacterial activity evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis, Citrobacter sp and Klebsiella sp using well diffusion agar under invitro laboratory condition.&#x0D; Results: Dried powder of each extract appeared with different color range from brown to black. Results recognized that S. aureus was susceptible to watery and ethanolic extract of both black tea and peppermint extracts. While, S. epidermidis showed resist to both plant extract and solvents used in extraction except minor inhibition with ethanolic extract of tea at 0.3% dose dose. Citrobacter spp gave susceptibility to watery extract of black tea as well as, watery and ethanolic of mint extract. Otherwise, Klebsiella spp. Growth inhibited by watery extract of black tea while, no bioactivity existed upon mint extract treatment. &#x0D; Conclusion: Dose dependent manner existed for watery and ethanolic extracts for both plant material in their antibacterial activity.&#x0D;

The Age of Migration

The Age of Migration Kai Maristed (bio) Charley sponges off the dinner dishes—hers and Karim's, the girl's, the Goat's—then slots them one by one into the rack to drip. All the while staring straight ahead through her reflection into the night. Despite the heat, unusual for Paris in late October, she keeps the windows latched against police sirens and Maghrebi rap and air pollution: level orange again. But there's no defense against the soccer match blaring from the next room where Karim and his pal are smoking Turkish tobacco and drinking mint tea. "Are you trying to wake up the kids?" she says, passing through the murky salon toward the bedroom. "If not, could you turn it down some?" Karim flashes her his 100-watt smile, white teeth set off by the glossy frame of a new black beard, eyes crinkling with sympathy. Otherwise, he doesn't budge. Probably he didn't hear her. In the bedroom, Charley navigates by city glow, the soft aura of traffic lights and illumination from high-rises surrounding this one. Bracing her arms on either side of the crib, she leans down to inhale the warm bread-and-oil scent of Sami's head. Her mouth ajar to savor more deeply, as cats do. Nothing in the world smells as wonderful as her ten-month-old boy. "Here's how you'll grow up in this ghetto of Seine-Saint-Denis, little one." It's an exhaled thought, an inverted benediction, less than a whisper. "You'll dump the useless school and learn to deal drugs. You'll prey on girls. You'll get hauled up in court and released the same day. You'll look at me with the same blank eyes as the dropouts who watch us down in the streets. You'll be out of my reach." On a floor mattress to the left of the parents' bed lies Rachida, Karim's six-year-old niece, curled into a question mark. From their first meeting, Charley has tried to fill the empty place in Rachida's motherless heart. She holds her breath to hear theirs. Rachida, dreaming, emits snorts and starts, while the baby's sighs arrive almost imperceptibly, like lapping waves. [End Page 91] ________ Maiwenn lifted Charley's hand in hers, to peel open the clenched fingers. Maiwenn's nails were manicured, Charley's jagged. She has never comprehended manicures. "You're not an egotist, chérie. You are the opposite. You'll be rescuing them. It will take courage for a little time. OK. But afterward comes the rest of your life. And theirs!" "But Rachida's not even my own—" "No. But Dennis promised to arrange for her too. Didn't he?" "Um." Charley looked away, past her baby carriage to the tree-studded cliffs of the Buttes Chaumont park. A miniature Alpine wilderness on the outskirts of the city, only a twenty-minute bus ride from her gritty, concrete neighborhood. Hard to believe it had become the HQ of fundamentalist terrorists, but that's what one heard, and not only on the internet. Maiwenn clasped Charley's hand. "Dennis is an American. And an attorney. He has an air like Clooney, no? OK, laugh! Little idiot, he would die for you! Doesn't the man realize he could have any chick in Paris? Maybe he's an idiot too. But if you don't believe Dennis—" ________ Charley lifts the scarf from the bureau and drapes it around her head as best she can, as the Goat himself insisted on teaching her, right after Karim brought it home. She fumbles with the pins and the slithery cloth, afraid of waking one of the children. Pulling the bedroom door shut, she announces, "I have to go down. We're almost out of diapers. I'll be quick." Go down: fourteen stories to the Proxi market. If the elevator is working. The Goat says, "Come here so I can fix that hijab. You actually look ridiculous." The Goat is in his forties, green-eyed with a wispy grizzled beard. He is only a self-proclaimed theologian, not a real imam. His visits...

The effects of mint tea (Mentha spicata labiatae) consumed during pregnancy on postnatal morphometric development

To investigate the effects of mint (Mentha spicata L.) tea consumed during pregnancy on prenatal maternal weight, length of pregnancy and morphometric development of pups in postnatal period. Twelve female (7 in mint tea group and 5 controls) and 6 male (used for mating) Wistar albino rats weighing 190-210 g were used in the study. Throughout the pregnancy, the mint tea group was given 4 ml of mint (Mentha spicata L.) tea at the same time every day and the control group was given 4 ml of commercial drinking water by gavage. Weights of pregnant rats in both groups were measured three times a week throughout the pregnancy. After the pups were born, morphometric growth parameters pertaining to the body, cranium, thorax and limbs were measured during newborn and lactation periods and adulthood. Pregnant rats in the MT group gained less weight during gestation than the control rats. Morphometric parameters were measured on a total of 66 pups born to rats in both groups (46 pups in the MT group; 20 pups in the control group and measurements of pups born to rats in the MT group were smaller than the control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Morphometric parameters measured after six weeks showed a significant difference between females in the MT and control groups, with the females in the MT group having smaller measurements (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in morphometric parameters between males in the MT and control groups. Mint tea consumption during pregnancy has a negative effect on maternal weight gain and certain postnatal morphometric parameters, more prominently in female progenies. Therefore mint (Mentha spicata L.) tea consumption during pregnancy calls for caution.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Mint Tea Bag, Mint Cream, and Breast Milk on the Treatment of Cracked Nipple in the Lactation Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Background: The results of the previous studies on the effects of mint on cracked nipple are contradictory. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of mint tea bag, mint cream and breast milk on the healing of cracked nipple during lactation. Methods: This study was a clinical trial with a control group , pre and post-test design conducted in health centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran from 2016 to 2017.Samples were divided into three groups (n=72 subjects in each group). Interventions were performed at least 4 times a day for 14 days after the start of treatment. Data were collected through the cracked nipple measuring checklist, the amount of wound and demographic questionnaire before the intervention and on 4, 8, and 14 days after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software (version 21). Results: There was a decreasing trend in the mean score of crack pain on days 0-14 in the groups of mint cream, mint tea, and breast milk after the intervention; however, there was a statistically significant difference in the breast milk group (P<0.001). Moreover, with regard to within group comparison, there was a decreasing trend with a significant difference in the mean score of wound in three groups before the intervention (P<0.001) and on the fourth day after the intervention (P= 0.003). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that breast milk was more effective than mint cream and mint tea in the treatment of cracked nipple.

The influence of oral lubrication on food intake: A proof-of-concept study

As overeating, overweight and obesity remain public health concerns, it is crucial to design satiety-enhancing foods that suppress appetite and lower snack intake. Existing research identifies oro-sensory targets to promote satiation and satiety, yet it remains unclear as to whether it is ‘chewing’ or ‘oral lubrication’ that might amplify satiation signals. In this study, techniques from experimental psychology, food material science and mechanical engineering have been combined to develop model foods to investigate the role of chewing and oral lubrication on food intake. Novel model gels, similar in pleasantness, were given as a preload then their effects on subjective appetite and intake of a salty snack were measured in a between-subjects design. Three mint flavoured hydrogels were engineered to vary in their texture (fracture stress) and lubrication (inverse of coefficient of friction), and a control group received mint tea. Results showed that snack intake was suppressed by 32% after eating the low chewing/high lubricating preload compared to the high chewing/low lubricating preload (p < 0.05). Hunger ratings decreased from t1 to t3 (p < 0.05), however differences between conditions were subtle and not significant. Thus, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that manipulating oral lubrication is a promising new construct to reduce snack intake that merits future research in the oro-sensory satiety domain.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Mint Tea Bag, Mint Cream, and Breast Milk on the Treatment of Cracked Nipple in the Lactation Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Mint Tea Bag, Mint Cream, and Breast Milk on the Treatment of Cracked Nipple in the Lactation Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Effectiveness of Self Help Strategies {SHS} for PCOS among Young Adult Girls at Selected Colleges at Chennai-Pilot study report

Background: The diverse and complex female endocrine disorder polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects 1 in 15 women worldwide, is a major economic health burden that is likely to expand together with obesity. PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) -A hormonal condition that causes cysts to develop around the ovaries and throw ovulation out of sync. It can also lead to infertility. Prevalence of PCOS in Indian adolescents is 9.13%.This draws attention to the issue of early diagnosis in adolescent girls. The main aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Self Help Strategies {SHS} for PCOS among Young Adult Girls. Methods: True experimental pre-test and post-test was obtain for this pilot study to check the feasibility of the effectiveness of SHS among young adult girls with PCOS. An self assessment tool was given to the study participants. The sample size was seven young adults with PCOS.Two group pre test and post test design was used . The Blood investigation (FSH, LHand Blood glucose level, and testosterone), ultrasonogram of pelvis, and BMI was calculated prior to the interventions in both the experimental and control group. Experimental group received SHS and routine care for control group. SHS include mint tea, (includes 50ml of powder boiled in water) diet and exercise that helps in reduce size of the follicles and regulate hormones to normal menstruation. The duration of intervention was one month. The post test in both group was conducted after one month .the results was tabulated and analyses by using SPSS statistical package. Results: The comparison of self assessment mean values(%) in the pre and post test among participants in experimental group showed that the mean value in the pretest was 57.14 as compared to 36.36 in the post test. The difference in the mean value 20.78 was statistically significant (P<0.001). This shows that the SHS was effective and feasibility among girls with PCOS. Conclusion: The interventions strategies in this study, Mint tea, (5gm of dried mint powder boiled in 50ml of water) diet and exercise has a significant effect on hormonal regulation and help to reduce weight. The preliminary findings are encouraging that spearmint has the potential remedies also natural treatment for PCOS.

A comparative study of the effects of mint tea bag, mint cream and breast milk on the treatment of cracked nipple in the lactation period: A randomized clinical trial study

A comparative study of the effects of mint tea bag, mint cream and breast milk on the treatment of cracked nipple in the lactation period: A randomized clinical trial study