Minor Problems Research Articles

Healthcare is Demanding: Patience is a Virtue!

Healthcare is Demanding:Patience is a Virtue! Andrea Torrence Nursing is a rewarding career, but it can also be extremely challenging, depending on the type of patient you are assigned to. In my career, I have had a number of "difficult" patients, and every situation required a specific type of approach. Understanding how to interact with a difficult patient is a talent and requires a level of patience that exceeds the normal amount one may have. As a nurse, if you want to be successful, you must have patience. Along with many natural characteristics required to be successful in nursing, patience, in my opinion, is the most required quality required for nursing. The difficult patient can be an emotional burden to the care provider. These burdens are not always related to the tasks associated with care. The patient that is emotionally exhausting is far more complex than a patient who requires physical work. Nursing is a trying and risky career, but the nurse is obligated to provide the best care possible to all patients regardless of how difficult that person may be. Our cardiac surgical telemetry unit received a patient from the emergency room diagnosed with a minor psychiatric problem and tachycardia (a fast heart rate). This patient required medical clearance before going to the psychiatric unit for further evaluation. At our facility, this frequently happens, depending on how many psychiatric beds are available and on the patient's medical status. There were no clinical indications for this patient to require a bedside caregiver—a bedside caregiver is assigned to a patient that may somehow be classified as a danger to themselves or others—and the patient was not "pink-slipped." Patients who may not be safe to leave the hospital once they've been evaluated in the emergency room will be pink-slipped for an inpatient evaluation. Also, suicidal or homicidal patients are pink-slipped until they undergo an extensive evaluation and are deemed safe to leave on their own. A pink slip is a legal hold document. The patient that we received at the time of her admission required neither. The initial description of the patient revealed that she was a young, pleasant, ambulatory (able to walk with no problems) woman and completely oriented (understands and can comprehend). This patient did not have any pain or complaints documented on her emergency room assessment. She was corporative and followed instructions. As soon as we received the patient to the unit, she began to protest the need for pain medication. There were no orders for pain medication because there was no notation of pain in the emergency room. The nurse addressed the patient's pain with the admitting physician and Tylenol was ordered. When the patient heard that the physician ordered Tylenol, she became very angry. The patient wanted a stronger medication. I have a reputation for connecting with patients who become angry, and those who are classified as difficult, so the primary nurse asked me to speak to this patient. After a brief conversation, I was able to calm the patient, and she returned to her room quietly. The patient was apologetic and sincere. I used a calm approach, reassuring words of affirmation, and the perfect body language to de-escalate this patient. I was pleased with myself because only a simple combination of techniques was used to resolve the patient's anger, and at that time, a therapeutic connection was made. The nurse entered the patient's room and noticed that the roommate looked somewhat bewildered, [End Page E11] but she did not address the roommate. The nurse was focused on completing her patient's admission assessment. After the nurse completed the assessment, the order for the patient to wear telemetry was discussed. Telemetry is a physician's order to continuously monitor the heart's function while hospitalized. Because the patient was mildly tachycardic, telemetry was ordered. The patient immediately refused the order and told the nurse that she was not going to wear the monitor. The nurse explained the need and informed the patient that she would not be confined to the bed while wearing it. The nurse left the room to find me to discuss the...

You will be better soon: Manipulating Patients to Continue Psychotherapy Treatment

Psychotherapy is demonstrated to be beneficial for most patients with minor and major psychological problems such as depression, schizophrenia, mood disorder, and anxiety.

RESEARCH ON AIRCRAFT TEST METHODS BEFORE SHIPMENT TO THE CUSTOMER

The development of the aircraft has successfully realized the dream of human flight. But operating aircraft is a dangerous activity, any minor problems will cause serious consequences, which requires each new aircraft have to be applied to a comprehensive series of tests before shipment to the customer. This paper briefly introduces the test process of aircraft before shipment, lists different aircraft test methods, summarizes the important significance of the test to the aircraft producing, and looks forward to the development of aircraft test in the future.

Renal and Ureteral Stone Treatment by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWLs) results can be enhanced by the application of specific technological concepts and the selection of advantageous instances. This study's goal is to analyze the mechanisms of action of ESWL., indications and contraindications, success predictors, and consequences. ESWLs & "calculi" were used as topics in a search between Jan. 1984 and Oct. 2013 in the Pubmed® database. Only human-conducted studies with a sufficient level of evidence, including clinical trials or reviews/meta-analyses, were considered for inclusion. To optimize the seek for the ESWL results, many technical factors, including the kind of ESWLs apparatus, the intensity & frequency of the impulses, the connecting of patients to the device, the position of the stones, as well as the type of anesthesia, should be taken into consideration. Other patient-related variables, such as the density & size of the stone, skin-to-stone distance, anatomy of the excretory system, and renal anomalies, are also significant. The insertion of a routine double J stent before the procedure is not typically advised, nor is antibiotic prophylaxis required. For stones larger than 10 mm, alpha-blockers, in particular, tamsulosin, are helpful. Following ESWL, minor problems are possible but often respond favorably to therapeutic therapy. It is unclear how ESWL affects those with diabetes or hypertension.

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding preparation of mother about correct breastfeeding technique among primi antenatal mothers at selected hospital of Indore city

The present study was carried out to find out the awareness of mother related to breast feeding technique. Breastfeeding is the ideal method suited for the psychological and physiological needs of children. Most of the mothers don't know the correct technique of breast feeding. This leads to many unnoticed and biased problems in babies and lactating mothers. These include improper nutrition to baby, altered growth, Oral thrush, low secretion of milk, inadequate feeds, nipple problems etc. There are few simple ways to practice the art of breast feeding techniques like starting breast feeding immediately after birth, proper positions, latching up and burping up the baby. Minor problems may occur during breast-feeding. But with proper planning, knowledge, and support, mothers can overcome these challenges and continue breast-feeding. Before the baby is born, attending classes, reading books, and watching videos that demonstrate breast-feeding techniques will help the mothers in promoting breast feeding practice. Materials and Methods: An experimental study with one group pre-test post test design, an evaluator research approach was used to find out the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on mothers knowledge regarding correct position and breast feeding technique. The sample consist of 60 mothers who were admitting in SAIMS Hospital, Indore city. The samples were chosen by convenient purposive sampling technique. The data was collected prior and after the structured teaching programme by a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge gained through video assisted teaching was found to be highly effective in gaining knowledge. The t- value found to be 28.9with standard error 0.271. The mean pre test 4.75 and post mean test 12.62. The demographic variable such as age, educational status, job, source of information and nutritional status found to be significant. The video assisted teaching programme was found to be effective in teaching the primigravida mother about the breast feeding technique, it found to be effective for mothers. It was well appreciated and accepted by the mother. The more researches on failure to thrive will find better outcome for obstetrics and gynaecology department.

An approach for prevention planning based on the prevalence and comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders in 6-year-old children receiving primary care consultations on the island of Menorca

BackgroundFew studies have estimated the real prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in Spain and worldwide. However, there are disparate prevalence figures. We consider research in this field essential to improve early detection, secondary prevention, and health planning.MethodsThe Minikid ADHD and TICS-Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (Children’s version, AQ- Child) and a protocol of general medical questions were administered for screening purposes. The PROLEXIA battery for children aged from 4 to 6 years was used for direct assessments. Parents provided information on emotional, medical, and school aspects. The final population evaluated using these tools consisted of 291 6-year-old subjects.ResultsThe overall risk of presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder was 55.4%. A 23.4% risk of presenting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in any modality (inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined), a 2.8% risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a 30.6% risk of presenting with a learning disorder with reading difficulties, a 5.5% risk of tics and a 22.5% risk of language problems (incomprehensible language or minor language problems) were detected in the sample. The most common combination of disorders was learning and language difficulties, accounting for 6.9% of the sample. The second most frequent combination was the presence of learning and language difficulties and ADHD, accounting for 4.5% of the sample.ConclusionsThe prevalence of risks detected in our sample seems to be consistent with national and international studies. A significant proportion of our sample had never been previously diagnosed (85%), so early detection programs are recommended.

Task offloading and resource allocation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning for distributed AI execution tasks in IoT edge computing environments

Recently, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Internet of Things (IoT) devices is increasing. As these devices are limited in processing and storing massive computations of AI applications, researchers are searching for methods to overcome these limitations. One of these applications is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) processing, which is common in object detection and image classification. A neural network consists of layers with a large number of neurons and requires high processing power to run. A CNN can be partitioned into segments and offloaded as tasks of IoT devices to cloudlet servers on the edge. By utilizing the edge servers available in the environment, the total latency in the system and energy consumption by IoT devices can be optimized. Making decisions about offloading CNN segmented layers and allocating resources to each of them is the challenge. In this paper, we propose a method based on deep reinforcement learning that divides the offloading and resource allocation problem into two minor problems. This algorithm updates the offloading policy based on information from the environment, and with the help of the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), optimizes resource allocation. The proposed method is tested for different deep-learning tasks of IoT devices under different capacities of cloudlet servers. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm has the least cost in terms of latency and power consumption and on average has improved 92%, 17%, and 12% compared to full local, full offload, and Jointly Resource allocation and computation Offloading PSO (JROPSO) methods respectively.

Evaluation of fault location algorithm in distribution power system lines using differential equation method with fault indicator approach

A malfunction in any electrical system network will eventually happen. Damage and minor problems are less likely to develop if a problem can be resolved quickly. As a general rule, fault location is a procedure of aiming the location fault at the maximum feasible accuracy. In order to locate faults in distribution lines for multi-ended power systems, this work provides a single line to ground (SLG) fault location algorithm employing a differential equation (DE) with a fault indication approach. The overall distribution lines model combines the generalized compact models of all homogenous line sections. Furthermore, this study approached fault indicator equipment as an indicator during every section fault. Hence, the ATP Draw has simulated the medium voltage distribution lines consisting of overhead lines (OHL) and multiple underground cable lines (UCL). The evaluation of the method considered the parameter of fault resistance, fault distance, and fault inception angle. The results show that the fault location algorithm using DE fault location algorithm with fault indicator information produced the most accurate result.

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING SYSTEM OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF UKRAINE

The energy potential of Ukraine under wartime conditions has been clarified. The work of scientists, researchers, and practitioners regarding the goals and strategies of developing the fuel and energy potential system is analyzed. The main approaches to its formation and structure are outlined. Significant flaws in the organizational and territorial significance of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine are outlined. It became known that the energy and hydropower industries lagged the main branches of fuel and energy resources relative to the broad scale of the increase in energy consumption. This, in turn, provoked a shortage of coal mass consumption at the state electric and thermal capacities. It was determined that after the collapse of the USSR, in Ukraine, the energy system occupied the first place in the state economy. Its priority was the satisfaction of the potential of the domestic energy demand, as well as exports to the countries of the European Union. This process supplies primary energy resources, including oil products, natural gas, oil, and nuclear fuel. At the same time, Ukraine somehow failed to form an adequate basis for the implementation of energy policy with the aim of stable and balanced development of the energy sector and the formation of a system of energy independence from foreign suppliers. It is known that once, the energy industry of Ukraine became the leading supplier of energy raw materials for other countries. As a result of the analysis of indicators regarding the income of companies in various industries, it can be stated that in 2021, the Ukrainian economy will remain raw-based and will continue. Even though the solution to the problems of the existence of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine is aimed at achieving national goals, at the same time, there are minor problems. Therefore, in our opinion, the short-term and long-term stages of its implementation should be considered when developing an appropriate strategy. As for the effectiveness of the mentioned strategy, it is worth justifying the necessary conceptual toolkit and the methodological directions for further generalization. Considering the content of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035, "Security, energy efficiency, competitiveness," we believe it is worth developing appropriate types of energy strategies regarding the increasing level of energy efficiency, strengthening the norms and principles of energy security.

Tobacco - The Antithesis

Tobacco in any form is harmful. It affects our heart, lungs, blood circulation, stomach, mouth, eye, skin, reproduction, and fertility, but nicotine which is the main constituent of tobacco has a history, which is irreprehensible. Even after it was popularized in Europe tobacco was considered a panacea for more than 65 ailments. These include treatment of minor problems like bleeding, fever, and insect bite to major pathologies like rodent ulcers, strangulated hernia, tetanus, gout, and neuralgia. Recent epidemiologic and animal model studies have proven various potential benefits of tobacco in diseases like Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune conditions, inflammatory diseases, and endometrial and thyroid carcinoma. If we can get to the bottom of the cellular and molecular mechanism of the components of tobacco and repress the detrimental effect of tobacco with more experiments and research, tobacco can be the panpharmacon. This topic incorporates the history, beneficial effects of tobacco, and the mechanism of action of its components so that it may be used for the benefit of society.

Implementasi Supervisi Klinis untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalitas Guru

The aim of this article is to learn more about how clinical supervision is used to enhance teacher professionalism. Professional teachers are teachers who have the skills to carry out educational and teaching tasks. Thus, the definition of an expert educator is a person who has extraordinary ability and mastery in the field of education so that he can carry out his obligations and abilities as a teacher with maximum abilities. Professional teachers are also educated, trained, and have extensive field experience. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, which is an analysis that uses words or sentences to describe a situation or. The results of research on the use of clinical supervision to improve teacher professionalism at MTsS Hidayatullah, teachers are very flexible, starting from plans that are only communicated to them in regular weekly meetings by the school principal. Only minor problems were encountered, and these problems were not too serious because prospective teachers met the minimum standards when they started at MTsS Hidayatullah. The teacher asks for help to overcome his teaching difficulties, which is why clinical is used here.

Finding the Right Tools for Your Classroom's Tech Needs

In Educational Duct Tape, Jake Miller compares, contrasts, and selects a plethora of technology tools for educators in a creative and entertaining way. By offering snapshots from his personal and professional life, the author created a pleasant and easy-to-read book. He emphasizes that technology should not be employed as the end objective, but rather as a means to an end. Throughout the book, he argues that educational technology tools should be utilized to solve classroom problems, address learning objectives, and accomplish specific goals exactly as we use duct tape to mend minor problems in our daily lives. The book is complemented with educational technology podcasts and online resource hubs for each chapter, which include supplementary tools, videos, and discussion sections.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation [OSCE] on Knowledge and Skills Regarding Management of Eclampsia Among Nurses Working in Primary Health Care Centers

Background Pregnancy is a phenomenon of joy and pain. An expectant mother during pregnancy has to handle associated wellness and illness. The phase of pregnancy is challenging for every mother a significant number of physical physiological and psychological changes occur during pregnancy. These changes can cause minor problems and major complications. One such commonly occurring complication is eclampsia. The present study was designed to assess and manage eclampsia skills of nurses working in primary health care centers.Methodology One group pretest posttest design was used in this study which was conducted among 83 nurses working in selected primary health care centers in selected district of Karnataka. A structured knowledge and skill questionnaire was designed to assess the skills of nurses on management of eclampsia. The present study used the technique of OSCE Objective Structured Clinical Examination for imparting the knowledge and skills.Results The present study found that the knowledge and skill of nurses in pretest was low compared to posttest. OSCE as method of teaching was effective in improving the knowledge and skill scores in the selected nurses in managing eclampsia.Conclusion The present study was designed with an aim to develop and improve the knowledge and skill of nurses working in primary health care centers as 70 of rural population seek health care services from these peripheral health service providers. Nurses are the key health personnel available 24X7 in these healthcare facilities. Nurses equipped with knowledge and skills for initial management of eclampsia can play a significant role in reducing mortality and morbidity of expectant mothers by better managing eclampsia. The study recommended that nurses should be well equipped with skills for management of complications of labor to promote maternal and child health care.

Evaluation of Sexual Behavior and Sexual Functions of BDSM Practitioners: A Controlled Study.

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the sexual behaviors, sexual functioning of "bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, sadism, masochism" (BDSM) practitioners. The study group (n=141) consisted of 65 women and 76 men who defined themselves as BDSM practitioners included in the study with the snowball technique through websites that are accessible on online BDSM groups. A control group (n=167) who stated that they were not BDSM practitioners was also recruited through websites. Sociodemographic and Sexual Behavior Evaluation Form and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were used online to gather data. No significant difference was found between BDSM practitioners and controls with regard to ASEX scores. Yet, in women, the mean ASEX score was lower in BDSM practitioners than in the control group whereas in men, the mean ASEX score was higher in the BDSM practitioners. Gender might be an important factor in terms of sexual functioning in cisgender BDSM practitioners. Awareness on problems of this sexual minority should be increased.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR MANAGING STRESS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The article is devoted to stressful conditions that cause serious disorders in the body in children: both physically and mentally. Therefore, there is a need to create psychological and pedagogical conditions for managing the stressful conditions of children in educational activities, communication with parents, adults and peers. In modern life, preschool children are constantly faced with stressful situations. They are associated with minor everyday problems, tense family relationships, etc. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the pedagogical conditions for managing stress conditions in preschool children. Particular attention is paid to the importance of improving pedagogical conditions for preschool children to deal with the effects of stress, which determined the need for new approaches in the selection of methods to solve this problem. The results of a survey of parents of children aged 3 to 5 years are analyzed, which makes it possible to note the destructive impact of stressful situations on the personality of children. Various forms of communication are recommended as pedagogical conditions for managing the stressful state of preschool children.

Automated skin burn detection and severity classification using YOLO Convolutional Neural Network Pretrained Model

Skin burn classification and detection are one of topics worth discussing within the theme of machine vision, as it can either be just a minor medical problem or a life-threatening emergency. By being able to determine and classify the skin burn severity, it can help paramedics give more appropriate treatment for the patient with different severity levels of skin burn. This study aims to approach this topic using a computer vision concept that uses YOLO Algorithms Convolutional Neural Network models that can classify the skin burn degree and determine the burnt area using the bounding boxes feature from these models. This paper was made based on the result of experimentation on the models using a dataset gathered from Kaggle and Roboflow, in which the burnt area on the images was labelled based on the degree of burn (i.e., first-degree, second-degree, or third-degree). This experiment shows the comparison of the performance produced from different models and fine-tuned models which used a similar approach to the YOLO algorithm being implemented on this custom dataset, with YOLOv5l model being the best performing model in the experiment, reaching 73.2%, 79.7%, and 79% before hyperparameter tuning and 75.9%, 83.1%, and 82.9% after hyperparameter tuning for the F1-Score and mAP at 0.5 and 0.5:0.95 respectively. Overall, this study shows how fine-tuning processes can improve some models and how effective these models doing this task, and whether by using this approach, the selected models can be implemented in real life situations.

An Opportunity to Learn

The visuals represented here derive from a two-year ethnographic project about smartphone repair practices in Switzerland, focusing on repair stores, hackerspaces, fab labs, and temporary venues such as repair cafés, which mostly focus on the material elements of the hardware (broken screens or buttons) and software issues (data recovery, setting updates, applications installation, etc.). Spending time in these shops over several months, allowed us to understand the positive social dimensions they have in local neighborhoods: while customers sometimes come to drink a cup of coffee and seek help with hardware issues (broken screens and damaged buttons), the repairers also help with minor problems for free (restoring settings, changing language or notification configurations) and sometimes fulfill roles way beyond their stated function, for instance by helping with administrative services (such as booking appointments online or filing tax forms). Our investigation addressed the practices of the technicians who founded, or operate, these places. We focused on how these individuals come to end up fixing customers' devices, and more specifically, on how they learned to handle products that manufacturers did not design to be repaired. This project hypothesized that a greater understanding of digital artifact maintenance is fundamental to meet the challenges of an era of environmental crisis and consumer waste. The description of repairers' practices, and the way they build their own know-how and expertise, highlight users' efforts to improve the sustainability of their technical objects, regardless of manufacturers' intentions. Focusing on repair stores, this comic strip visually describes the importance of “unmaking” as a learning tactic that repairers adopted to generate knowledge about the objects they plan to fix. This series of ethnographic vignettes illustrates the information these practitioners uncover by disassembling new phone models, documenting their manipulations, and sharing them with local and regional peers through media such as WhatsApp groups. This way of working against manufacturers can be seen as a form of “counter-making” (contre-faire) (Allard 2015, 164), mirroring the notion of “critical making” proposed by Matt Ratto in order to refer to knowledge generation emerging through material engagement with technology (Ratto 2011, 253). From a methodological perspective, this contribution also illustrates the visual dimension of the notion of “ethnographic vignette” (a situation observed and extracted from the field) that interested us in this project both for pragmatic reasons (observational drawing as a means of gaining acceptance in the field) and as an epistemological choice (in order to explore alternative formats of ethnographic accounts). Interestingly, this design choice was made because over the two years of the research project, several participants expressed their reluctance to being filmed and photographed, with some mentioning that they lacked the necessary work permits and risked being identified. As a consequence, the use of drawings became a solution to be respectful of these repairers, a way to avoid being too intrusive in their work context. However, we used photography to document the context of these shops as well as their material culture, with devices, tools, and ways of communicating. The combination of field drawings with these pictures highlights what “counter-making” actually means, from testing a dismantled device to solving a client's problem.

Effectiveness of an Awareness Programme on Knowledge of Postnatal Mothers regarding Management of Selected Minor Disorders of Neonates in Postnatal Wards of Maternity Hospital, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar

Background: After birth, the health of a baby depends on the healthcare measures adopted by the family, particularly by the mother. Raising awareness about minor neonatal problems and neonatal care practices mainly contributes to the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of postnatal mothers regarding the management of minor illnesses in their neonates and evaluate the effectiveness of the awareness programme in increasing their knowledge. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was used with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design. 55 mothers were selected by non-probability convenience sampling method and their knowledge was assessed using a self-structured interview schedule. Results: On pre-test, out of 55 study subjects, majority (87.3%) were found to possess inadequate knowledge, only 12.7% were found to have moderate knowledge, and none had adequate knowledge. On post-test, majority (87.3%) of study subjects were equipped with adequate knowledge, only 12.7% had moderate knowledge and none had inadequate knowledge. The mean post-test knowledge score of the study subjects was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion:Majority of the study subjects had inadequate knowledge regarding the management of selected minor disorders of neonates which indicated that they need awareness in this regard to take care of their neonates.

Satisfaction with Health Care Services in the Adult Population of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Patient satisfaction with health care can influence health care-seeking behavior in relation to both minor or major health problems or influence communication and compliance with medical advice, which is especially important in emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is important to continually monitor patient satisfaction with provided care and their dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) and compare it with levels of satisfaction in the same population before the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A representative, population-based survey was implemented in the adult population of the FB&H using the EUROPEP instrument, which measures satisfaction with health care using 23 items. The sample included 740 respondents who were 18 years or older residing in the FB&H and was implemented in December 2020. All data were collected using a system of online panels. The survey questions targeted the nine months from the beginning of the pandemic to the time of data collection, i.e., the period of March to December 2020. Results: The mean composite satisfaction score across all 23 items of the EUROPEP tool was 3.2 points in all age groups; the ceiling effect was 22% for the youngest respondents (18-34 years old), 23% for 35-54 years old, and 26% for the oldest group (55+), showing increasing satisfaction by age. The overall composite score for both females and males was 3.2. The ceiling effect was higher in those with chronic disease (29% vs. 23% in those without chronic disease). The composite mean score for respondents residing in rural vs. urban areas was 3.2 with a ceiling effect of 22% in rural and 24% in urban residents. When comparing mean composite scores surveyed at various points in time in the FB&H, it was found that the score increased from 3.3 to 3.5 between 2011 and 2017 and dropped again to 3.3 in this study. Despite these observations in the overall trends of satisfaction scores, we note that no statistically significant differences were observed between most of the single-item scores in the stratified analysis, pointing to the relative uniformity of satisfaction among the analyzed population subgroups. Conclusions: The rate of satisfaction with health care services in the FB&H was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2011 and 2017. Furthermore, while an increasing trend in satisfaction with health care was observed in the FB&H during the years prior to 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the reversal of this trend. It is important to further monitor the dynamics of patient satisfaction with health care, which could serve as a basis for planning, delivering, and maintaining quality services during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergencies.

ESA-EAP Model in the Teaching of Purposive Communication

This research determined the acceptability of the ESA-EAP model used in the Purposive Communication teaching that the respondents perceive at Cebu Technological University-Tuburan. To obtain the data needed, the descriptive-correlational method of research was employed. Specifically, an adapted questionnaire from Technology Acceptance Model was utilized to determine the acceptability of ESA-EAP. Students’ performance was measured through selected activities. It was found that the student-respondents had a very satisfactory performance; the ESA-EAP model was perceived as very acceptable by both student and teacher respondents; the mean difference between the student respondents’ and teacher respondents’ perceived level of acceptability is not significant; the relationship between academic performance and perceived level of acceptability is not significant; and language barrier and time constraints were the minor problems encountered. It was concluded that ESA-EAP is a teaching model that upholds student-centred learning as it enhances the teaching and learning process in a facilitative manner.