Minority Persons Research Articles

INSTITUTE OF PROBATION SERVICE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In the article, based on the results of an empirical study, the development prospects of the probation service institute in the Russian Federation are presented. The probation service in Russia will focus on the development of juvenile probation in the Russian Federation, which will become the basis for ensuring the successful social adaptation of juvenile offenders in the post-prison period and their subsequent reintegration into modern Russian society. For the first time, the author of the article proposes the structure of the new Federal Law “On the Probation Service in the Russian Federation”. In the development and subsequent discussion in parliament of the Russian Federation of this bill, the author of the publication suggests paying attention to the section "The main activities of rehabilitation centers of the Federal Security Service of Russia". It is determined that the criminal-executive and criminal legislation in Russia as a whole establishes the principle of differentiating the appointment and execution of criminal punishment, especially for juvenile convicts serving criminal sentences in prisons. The problem of legal regulation of the activities of the organizations considered here is extremely acute today. The problem of legal regulation is associated with the post-prison adaptation of persons released from prison. Taking into account the experience of some foreign sovereign states of Asia and Europe, it is necessary to complete the work that has already begun and to adopt the Federal Law on Post-Prison - Social Adaptation of Persons Exempted from Criminal Punishment. The author also determined that penitentiary re-socialization of a convicted person is oriented towards full or partial restoration of social (life) skills, which allows a minor convicted person to reintegrate into society in the post-prison period, independently navigate the issues of obtaining a profession, employment, creating his own family, etc. A juvenile convict, while in prison, partially or completely loses family ties, loses contact with the outside world, friends, acquaintances, and even close relatives turn away from the teenager. But they are necessary for the teenager throughout the entire period of stay in places of deprivation of liberty, and especially after release from the colony in the first post-prison period. The author also proved that a teenager receives in prisons the necessary primary professional, cultural and aesthetic educational, social skills that will guide him in the process of social adaptation in one or another sphere of life. The material in this article does not contain information (information) relating to state secrets of the Russian Federation.

LGBTQ-Related Individual Differences Predict Emotional Reactions to the Pulse Nightclub Shootings

This study examined, among 232 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ) participants, the association of identity centrality and public regard with negative affect about the Pulse nightclub shootings in Orlando, Florida. Identification with victims and perceived threat to personal safety were sequential mediators. Identity centrality was associated with greater identification with the shooting victims. In turn, identification with the victims was associated with greater perceived threat, followed by more negative affect. Low public regard was associated with greater perceived threat that, in turn, was associated with more negative affect. The results support the notion that LGBTQ-related individual differences increase distress about anti-sexual/gender minority hate crimes, especially for individuals with a strong LGBTQ identity and who believe that the majority, heterosexual society devalues sexual/gender minority persons.

Call for Papers: Addressing Critical Gaps in Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research.

LGBT HealthVol. 7, No. 3 Call for PapersFree AccessCall for Papers: Addressing Critical Gaps in Sexual and Gender Minority Health ResearchPublished Online:7 Apr 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.29005.cfpAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail LGBT Health is the premier peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting optimal health and health care for all sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons worldwide. The Journal focuses specifically on health while maintaining sufficient breadth to address policy, legislative, educational, and training issues relevant to health care provision and health outcomes. The Journal aims to advance an intersectional understanding of the health needs particular to each SGM population and to improve access to and delivery of affirming clinically and culturally competent health care.We are seeking novel, high-quality original research articles and systematic reviews and meta-analyses that address gaps in critical areas of SGM health research, including the following: Best clinical practices for conditions of particular relevance to one or more SGM populationsHealth impacts of gender-affirming care including, but not limited to, gender-affirming endocrine and surgical careOptimal primary care for SGM individualsHealth benefits of sexual orientation and gender identity disclosure and data collectionMinority stress, mental health, and health risk behaviorsTailored prevention and treatment interventions for substance abuseCancer screening and prevention in SGM populationsPhysical health and chronic conditions disparitiesHealth equity and social determinants of healthImpact of LGBT policies and services on health and wellbeingIntersections of race, ethnicity, nativity, gender, and sexual orientation in healthHealth care discrimination, health care access, and health outcomes among SGM populationsAlzheimer's disease and other dementias among older SGM adultsHealth care needs of incarcerated and formerly incarcerated SGM individualsPriority will be given to articles that advance research in these areas and have implications for reducing health disparities and improving clinical practice, access to care, and health outcomes. We welcome articles that address SGM health in the U.S. and all other regions of the world.All additional information for submission can be found in our Instructions for Authors.Our mission statement, publications to date, and instructions for authors can be found on our website. We look forward to your submissions.SUBMIT TODAYFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 7Issue 3Apr 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Call for Papers: Addressing Critical Gaps in Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research.LGBT Health.Apr 2020.123-123.http://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.29005.cfpPublished in Volume: 7 Issue 3: April 7, 2020PDF download

Queering Disability: Exploring the Resilience of Sexual and Gender Minority Persons Living With Disabilities

This study examined the resilience experiences of 13 sexual and gender minority persons living with disabilities, using phenomenological qualitative methodology. Researchers used in-depth, semi-structured interviews and various trustworthiness standards in the study. Participants endorsed four common resilience maximizers—self-acceptance, advocacy, social support, and a plea for recognition of humanity (an aspirational resilience maximizer)—and three common resilience minimizers—fragmentation, identity concealment, and punishment. Counseling implications and future research directions are also discussed.

Covariates of hazardous alcohol use among sexual and gender minorities in Texas: Identifying the most vulnerable

BackgroundInformation is limited on the prevalence of hazardous drinking and associated covariates among sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons. These analyses estimated the prevalence of hazardous drinking and identified associated covariates. MethodsA total of 1273 SGM adolescents and adults living in Texas completed an online survey between March 2016 and January 2017. Variables associated with hazardous drinking at the bivariate-level (p < 0.10) were entered into multiple logistic regression models to estimate the strength of their association. ResultsMore than a third (39.1%) of participants meet criteria for hazardous drinking. Compared to non-hazardous drinkers, hazardous drinkers were younger (x- = 20.7 [SD = 8.9] vs. x- = 26.5 [SD = 13.8]) and more likely to be Hispanic (41.5% vs. 26.2%). Hazardous drinkers were more likely to report using substances in past 12 months, including opioids (15.3% vs. 6.7%), stimulants (26.3% vs. 12.7%), and marijuana (37.6% vs. 21.2%). More hazardous drinkers reported injecting drugs (12.3% vs. 5.8%) and having a history of incarceration (14.1% vs. 7.3%). They were less likely to be diagnosed with depression (50.2% vs. 56.5%). When entered into a multivariate logistic regression model, hazardous drinkers were more likely to be younger (aOR = 0.97 [0.95, 0.98]), Hispanic (aOR = 1.5 [1.2, 2.0]), have a history of incarceration (aOR = 2.4 [1.5, 3.6]), and use a substance, not including marijuana (aOR = 1.7 [1.3, 2.3]). They were less likely to be diagnosed with depression (aOR = 0.73 [0.6, 0.9]). ConclusionsOur findings highlight the intersection of race and ethnicity, mental health, criminal justice involvement, and substance use and the need for tailored interventions that address underlying determinants.

National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Achieving Health Equity in Preventive Services.

Expert groups, including the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), recommend a range of clinical preventive services for persons at average risk for disease. Use of these services often is substantially lower among racial and ethnic minority groups, rural residents, and persons of lower socioeconomic status. On 19 and 20 June 2019, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened the Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Achieving Health Equity in Preventive Services to assess the available evidence on disparities in the use of 10 USPSTF-recommended clinical preventive services for cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. The workshop was cosponsored by the NIH Office of Disease Prevention; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Cancer Institute; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. A multidisciplinary working group developed the agenda, and an Evidence-based Practice Center prepared the evidence report. During the workshop, invited experts considered the evidence, with discussion among attendees. After weighing evidence from the review, presentations, and public comments, an independent panel prepared a draft report that was posted for public comment. This final report summarizes the panel's findings, identifying current gaps in knowledge. The panel made 26 recommendations for new research and methods development to improve implementation of proven services to reduce disparities in preventable conditions.

Collisions in Ukrainian legislation concerning crimes against sexual freedom and sexual integrity of a minor person

Collisions in Ukrainian legislation concerning crimes against sexual freedom and sexual integrity of a minor person

Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (Soce) Strongly Reduce Suicidality: a Critique of Blosnich Et Al., 'Sexual Orientation Change Efforts, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among Sexual Minority Adults, United States, 2016–2018', AJPH 110(7): 1024-1030

Background: Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE) signifies therapy activities designed to change or reduce homosexual orientation. Recent studies claim that such therapies increase suicide risk by showing positive associations between exposure to SOCE and current or lifetime suicidality. However, the suicidality may have occurred or begun before exposure to SOCE, thereby rendering this causal claim partly or wholly mistaken. The purpose of this study was to test this possibility. Method: We replicated a representative study, Blosnich and colleagues’ recent analysis of a population sample of 1518 sexual minority persons, which had concluded from logistic regression models that SOCE “may compound or create … suicidal ideation and suicide attempts” and thus had “insidious associations with suicide risk”. Using information on SOCE timing that was available in the data but unreported, we adjusted the models for the time order of SOCE and suicidality. Results: After controlling for pre-SOCE suicidality, SOCE was not positive associated with any form of suicidality. For suicidal ideation, Blosnich et al. reported an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.92 (95% CI 1.01-3.64); the adjusted AOR was .44 (.20-.94). For suicide planning, Blosnich et al.’s AOR was 1.75 (1.01-3.06); adjusted was .60 (.32-1.14). For suicide attempts, Blosnich et al.’s AOR was 1.75 (.99-3.08), adjusted was .74 (.36-1.43). The majority of cases labeled “experienced SOCE” by Blosnich et al. consisted of persons expressing suicidal ideation, planning and/or attempts prior to experiencing SOCE. For these, undergoing SOCE sharply reduced suicidality. Compared to those not experiencing SOCE, suicide attempts were reduced 82% to 91% when SOCE followed a prior expression of suicidal ideation (AOR .18, .05-.63) or planning (AOR .13, .04-.45), however SOCE following an initial suicide attempts did not significantly reduce further attempts. Effects were stronger for those who were adults rather than for minors when experiencing SOCE. Conclusion: By violating the principle of temporal precedence in scientific inference, i.e., that a cause cannot occur after an effect, Blosnich et al. reversed the correct conclusion in these data. Experiencing SOCE therapy does not encourage higher suicidality, as they claim; rather, experiencing higher suicidality appears to encourage recourse to SOCE, which in turn strongly reduces suicidality, particularly initial suicide attempts. Restrictions on SOCE deprive sexual minorities of an important resource for reducing suicidality, putting them at substantially increased suicide risk.

Features of Determining the Beginning of the Limitation Period

The article defines the features of calculating the limitation period, describes the rules and criteria for determining the beginning of the limitation period. The objective and subjective criterions of beginning of motion of this term are distinguished. On an objective criterion the beginning of term of limitation period begins from the moment of violation of right and interest of person. A subjective criterion marks a moment, when a person knew or could know about violation of the right or person of violator. In this case, the real possibility of such awareness is important, not actual. For legal entities, the subjective criterion is realized through the officials (authorized) of its persons or persons within the organ to which the functions assigned to them are exercised. It is determined that the calculation of the commencement of the limitation period for legal entities does not depend on the change of its authorized persons. The correctness of the calculation of the limitation period from the day after the calendar date in which the offense occurred, which meets the general rules for the calculation of terms and deadlines, is substantiated. It is stated that on the last day of fulfilment of the obligation the person has the right to fulfil it by the end of the day. At the same time, the procedure of applying to the court for technical reasons cannot always be implemented on the day the claim arises, since it requires the preparation of a procedural document — a statement of claim. The features of calculation of term of limitation period are certain for credit obligations and obligations of minor persons. It is concluded that in credit obligations, the limitation period should be calculated from the moment of default, not its parts, that is, the day after the contract expires. However, if the creditor files a claim for full early repayment of the debt, the limitation period should be calculated from the next day after the claim is made. For minors, it is reasonable to calculate the limitation period from the moment of its acquisition or granting them full civil capability.

THE ROLE OF VIDEO RECORDING DURING THE INTERROGATION OF A MINOR SUSPECT

The problems of taking truthful evidence during the interrogation of minors suspect are reflected in the article. The reasons to denounce false evidence by such category of persons are considered. Attention is focused on verbal and non-verbal signs of lies in the testimony of minor interrogatet persons: changing the speed and volume of speech, murmuring, changing the tone of voice, looking away to the side, touching the face by hands, hiding hands, etc.&#x0D; It is argued the feasibility of obligatory using of video recording during the interrogation of minors since such form of fixing makes it possible to obtain not only high precision and completeness of evidence representation but help the interrogator to follow the features of facial expression, gesticulation in conjunction with their manifestation with the contents of testimony representation, intonational features, emotional coloring and so on. The video recording facilitates the improving of results of this inquisitorial act, enhancing the tactical capabilities of its undertaking. Besides this it enable to make an objective assessment of the interrogation of minors suspect.&#x0D; It is invited to make the necessary changes in CPC of Ukraine, namely: item 5 Article 224 should be amended to read «During the interrogation photo, audio or/and video recording can be used. The interrogation with the participation of minor suspect is carried out with obligatory video recording». The Article 490 should be added the requirement as follows: «During the interrogation the use of video recording is obligatory».

Certain Considerations Regarding the Attributions of the Guardianship Court in the Protection of the Individuals

Abstract The issue of protecting the natural persons has been triggering a lot of interest due to the need for providing them with proper means for this purpose. In Romania, the court of guardianship and family plays an important role in protecting this category of persons, court established as a result of the entering into force of the new Romanian Civil code in 2011. The legal norms distinguish between the prerogatives of this court on the protection of the major persons and its attributions in this matter towards the minors. Further on, it will be analyzed certain prerogatives of the guardianship and family court meant for the minor persons.

Sexual Orientation and the Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Young Adults in the United Kingdom

Sexual orientation minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other; LGBQ+) persons represent a vulnerable population with respect to suicide-related behavior. An emerging theory of suicide, the Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicide (IMV), is utilized in the present study to examine sexual orientation, as well as a number of other IMV-defined pre-motivational factors (i.e., demographics, psychological distress and personality), as they impact the IMV motivational factors of defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation/intent. The present investigation featured a cross-sectional online survey of young adults (ages 18–34 years; n = 418; 27% identified as LGBTQ+) across the United Kingdom. The key findings included: (1) high rates of 12-month suicidal ideation prevalence (54.5%) and willingness to enact a future suicide attempt (60.8%); (2) bisexual and other (e.g., pansexual)-identifying sexual minority persons reported higher levels of IMV-related outcomes (e.g., internal entrapment, defeat); (3) sexual orientation accounted for significant variance in predicting motivational constructs controlling for a number of other pre-motivational factors; (4) other sexual minority status, compared to heterosexual identity, predic all motivational outcomes, and; (5) extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability emerged as pre-motivational protective factors for varying motivational outcomes. Findings are discussed with respect to the suicide and sexual minority theories, as well as tailored suicide prevention efforts and future research.

“I Despise Myself for Thinking about Them.” A Thematic Analysis of the Mental Health Implications and Employed Coping Mechanisms of Self-Reported Non-Offending Minor Attracted Persons

ABSTRACT‘Non-offending pedophiles’ or ‘minor attracted persons’ are individuals who suppress an attraction to children. Previous analyses of this population’s mental illness employed overt self-report methods, limited by social desirability. Additionally, studies assessing the coping mechanisms employed to remain offense-free are underpowered; understanding of these would facilitate the rehabilitation of prior offenders. A thematic analysis of coping mechanisms and mental illness was conducted on 5,210 posts on the ‘Virtuous Pedophiles’ forum. Four themes emerged for coping mechanisms: Managing risk and attraction to children, Managing mood, Managing preferences prosocially and Friends, family and relationships, with 13 subthemes. Five themes emerged for mental ill-health, including: Addiction, Anxiety, Depression, Self-hatred/Self-harm/Suicide and Other. Self-hatred/Self-harm/Suicide accounted for almost a third of discussed mental ill-health. These results highlight the severity of mental ill-health amongst this population and the coping mechanisms employed to remain offense-free.

مسألة الرشد عند العز بن عبد السلام، التي اختلف فيها مع الإمام الشافعي من خلال كتابه قواعد الأحكام في إصلاح الأنام- دراسة مقارنة Maturity Issue of al-Izz Ibn Abd Salam, Which He Did Not Follow the Imam Shafi'i Through the Book "Rules of judgments": A Comparative Study

The issue of majority (maturity) is one of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as it entails terminating control over a minor person (revoking interdiction) and bestowing him control over his properties and actions or measures. Therefore, the jurists have explained the provision of majority in multiple sections of Islamic jurisprudence. And the reason for such disagreement is that al-Izz considered the actions and measures of the young boy good and sound after puberty even if he does not practice his religion well; a view which was rebutted by al-Shafi’i. The aim of this study is to find out both imams’ reasoning for the disagreement and to solve the problem mentioned by al-Izz Ibn Abd Al-Salam related to the condition of al-Shafi’i called ‘practicing religion well’, “That the majority of people do not practice their religion well was ambiguous according to al-Shafi’i”. In this article, the researcher followed the descriptive approach and the inductive method because the researcher induces the views of al-Izz Ibn Abd Al-Salam about the provisions concerning majority, which proves his option. The imam proved his opinion by the linguistic development of words, and with the consensus of Muslims in a rational way. He disagreed with al-Shafi’i on the interpretation of a fundamental rule, which is the interpretation of the word of indefiniteness in the context, as he views it in absolute whereas Shafi’i interprets it in general. Therefore, they had different judgements.

Dermatologic care of sexual and gender minority/LGBTQIA youth, Part I: An update for the dermatologist on providing inclusive care.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/gender diverse, questioning/queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) individuals, represent a historically underserved population within the field of medicine, though their unique health needs are increasingly recognized. Unfortunately, our understanding of these needs as they relate to dermatology is still nascent, particularly with respect to children and adolescents. This two-part review will discuss the dermatologic care of SGM youth, with Part 1 providing practical advice for dermatologists seeking to provide more culturally mindful and accessible care for SGM children and adolescents. A more comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial and physical needs of SGM youth will allow dermatologists to more actively and compassionately care for this health disparity population.

Male Majority, Female Majority, or Gender Diversity in Organizations: How Do Proportions Affect Gender Stereotyping and Women Leaders' Well-Being?

Whereas popular wisdom often centers on character differences between women and men when explaining work-related behavior, Kanter (1977) predicted that the proportion of women and men present in organizations is the crucial factor: With unequal proportions, women (similar to other minority persons) are singled out as “tokens” and gender becomes salient, which has been theorized to have a range of negative consequences. In contrast, if proportions of women and men are similar (i.e., in the presence of gender diversity), gender is not salient, and the work environment becomes much more positive for women. These considerations imply that not only a male majority, but also a female majority at work has negative consequences, because gender becomes salient in both cases. However, empirical research on work environments with female majorities at the top of organizations is scarce. The present study tested the perception of a range of negative consequences, including work-related well-being, among women in leadership positions in Spain who reported a male majority, a female majority, or similar proportions of both genders at the top level of their organization. The online convenience sample consisted of a total of N = 649 women leaders. In addition to work-related well-being, we measured perceived work–family conflict and perceived feelings of guilt associated with work–family conflict, traditional gender stereotypes regarding warmth and competence, women-leadership stereotypes, negative work-related stereotypes of mothers, gender harassment, and stigma consciousness. Almost all of our findings support Kanter’s theorizing that equal proportions of both genders go along with more positive perceptions as compared to a male majority. However, a female majority went along with as negative perceptions as a male majority regarding several of the outcome variables, but was associated with the most positive perceptions for other outcomes. We discuss implications and possible reasons for the latter mixed findings.

A six-year analysis of sex traffickers of minors: exploring characteristics and sex trafficking patterns

ABSTRACTFew studies have explored the characteristics and arrest patterns of sex traffickers, particularly sex traffickers of persons under the age of 18 (minors) in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior and characteristics of a national cross sectional sample of sex traffickers of minors during a six-year period. This study explored cases involving the arrest of sex traffickers of minors or persons under the age of 18 in the United States from 2010 to 2015. Sex traffickers of minors was defined as a person who facilitates and/or benefits by receiving something of value for the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor (person under the age of 18) or attempts to do so. During a systematic online search, 1,416 sex traffickers of minors were identified. The arrests were found in 46 states in the United States, two U.S. territories, and Washington D.C. The sex traffickers of minors were mostly males (n = 1067, 75.4%), and of those with race identified (only 51.6%), 71.7% were African American. Their ages ranged from 15 to 70 years old (M = 28.5, SD = 8.54). Characteristics of the sex trafficker and the sex trafficking situation are analyzed and implications discussed.

Predictive validity of the genderqueer identity scale (GQI): differences between genderqueer, transgender and cisgender sexual minority individuals

Introduction: The Genderqueer Identity Scale (GQI; McGuire et al., this issue) – a newly developed and validated measure – assesses genderqueer identity via four subscales: challenging the gender binary, the extent to which participants actively work to dismantle gender binaries in identity and expression); social construction of gender, or the degree to which participants interpret their gender identity as something that develops versus an innate essentialist phenomenon; theoretical awareness of gender, the degree of social and political intention attached to gender identity; and gender fluidity, or repeated shifting of gender expression across periods of time.Aim: This descriptive study examined the predictive validity of the GQI and group differences in genderqueer identity with a sample of transgender, genderqueer and nonbinary spectrum, and cisgender sexual minority adults (N = 510).Methods: We hypothesized that Genderqueer Non-binary (GQNB) participants would score higher on GQI subscale scores compared to transgender participants who identify within the gender binary.Results: Results from ANOVA models indicated a statistically significant difference in intrapersonal subscales across sexual minority and transgender binary or genderqueer groups. For the interpersonal subscales there were differences across all three groups. Cisgender sexual minority participants reported the lowest levels on all scales, while genderqueer participants reported the highest, and transgender binary were in-between.Discussion: The GQI demonstrates strong predictive validity in distinguishing binary transpersons from GQNB and cisgender sexual minority persons. Findings reveal that these three subgroups who might otherwise be similarly categorized (i.e., LGBTQ) show significant differences on challenging the binary, social construction, theoretical awareness, and gender fluidity constructs.

Career Development of Sexual and Gender Minority Persons Living With Disabilities

Sexual and gender minority persons, as well as persons living with disabilities, encounter significant career development issues. However, the career development trajectories for sexual and gender minority persons living with disabilities have not been fully explored. The goal of our qualitative study was to explore factors that influence the career development trajectories of sexual and gender minority persons living with disabilities. Using constructivist grounded theory methods, we conducted semistructured interviews with 21 diverse individuals living in the United States. The core category, Intersectional Adaptation, described how study participants navigated their career development trajectory. The four remaining categories included Psychosocial Capital, Psychosocial Conflicts, Intersectional Identity Disclosure, and Work–Life Balance. We discuss the limitations of the study as well as the implications for future research and provide suggestions for career counseling.

Civil Legal Capacity of Minors

The article outlines some aspects of the civil legal standing of minors in international law and the national law of individual states. The authors came to the conclusion that special rules are fixed in international legal acts and in national law regarding the legal status of a minor in the civil law sphere. At the same time, there are significant differences in the national legal systems regarding: 1) the categorical apparatus that designates the civil legal personality and its elements; 2) the moment of a juvenile’s civil legal personality appearance and its correlation with the moment of the right to life (the respect for human life); 3) the scope and the content of the civil capacity of minors; 4) the possibility of a minor emancipation, its conditions and legal consequences. Given that the civil legal capacity and the legal capacity of a natural person is determined by his personal law, the revealed differences can cause certain difficulties during the application of the rules on the legal standing of a minor who is a foreign citizen or a person without citizenship. The attention is drawn to the need for a clear delineation of the categories "minor" and "child", "minor person" and "incompetent person".