Minority Ones Research Articles

Cohabitation and Comparative Method

The paper intervenes in current policy debates on unmarried cohabitation and comparative law debates on methodology. It adopts a culturally alert, discursive methodology of comparison to study regulation of unmarried cohabitation under the common law and civil law as well as the effect of an entrenched right to equality protecting against marital status discrimination. It identifies not different legislative solutions to a common problem, but distinct discourses of family law regulation. Yet the approaches are less radically opposed than is often thought. Discursive comparison tends to highlight dominant voices at the expense of minority ones, wrongly characterising minority views as foreign to a tradition. Discursive comparison should not confine itself to a synchronic view of present legal debates; a richer diachronic approach will also attend to views within a legal tradition's past.

GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA: PERCEPÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS QUANTO ÀS PRÁTICAS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E A ENTRADA NO NOVO MERCADO DA BOVESPA

The profit of efficiency in the management ally to the increase of the liquidity of the Brazilian Stock Market and to its importance in the financing of the companies’ results in the biggest transparency of the information divulged for the companies. Currently the expressive amount of companies whom they use practical of Corporative Governance suggests that such methods result in benefits for the company that adopt them. The biggest valuation of the actions of the companies whom they compose the IGC (Index of Corporative Governance) and profits with bigger visibility, minors capital costs and improves of the professionalization in the management, suggests that the companies get advantages when entering the New Market maximum level of Corporative Governance in the Brazilian market. Practical the Corporative Governance and it does contribute for the increase of the trustworthiness of the investors, collaborators, financial institutions and market in general. Knowing itself of the importance of practical of Corporative Governance the objective of the present work it was to identify to the perception of the companies in the New Market of the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, approaching the impacts of the Corporative Governance having as main focus the companies listed in the New Market of the BOVESPA. For in such a way a questionnaire with questions was elaborated specifies on the benefits and obstacles faced for the Governance and the entrance and maintenance in the new segment of listing of the BOVESPA, the New Market. It was verified that the practical companies when adopting of Corporative Governance possess expectation of valuation and increase of liquidity of the actions, what in fact occurs the implantation of these practical after. One notices despite impediments how much to the implantation and maintenance of the Governance exist as the awareness of collaborators time and excess of legal requirements for performance in the differentiated pursuings of listing. The entrance in the New Market of the BOVESPA possesss advantages how much the valuation of the actions, the growth of the interest of foreign investors and the visibility of the company in the market. Its impediments are related the difficulty to grant equality of conditions the minority ones and to possess all actions in negotiation being usual. It is standed out that to form an Advice of Administration and Statutory audit committee, in many independent cases, an obstacle faced for the companies becomes.

The Impact of Family Control on Investors' Risk and Performance of Italian Listed Companies

Agency costs, deriving from the separation between ownership and control, affect whatever company model. In case of firms with dispersed ownership (the public companies), the classic agency conflict regards the relation between shareholders and managers. In case of family firms the classic agency conflicts are mitigated thanks to reduced separation between ownership and control, but there are other types of agency conflicts, moreover between family shareholders and minority ones. This paper focuses on the relation between agency costs and ownership structure, in the specific perspective of minority shareholders, providing a first empirical evidence of the proposition that family ownership reduces the agency costs of equity and has a negative effect on the equity risk perceived by the market. The analysis statistically compares family and non-family firms, sorted from Italian listed companies, in any sector with a significant presence of family business, to get evidence of family's ownership impact on equity cost of capital.

Crystallographic Features of Ferroelectric Domain Structures in (Sr1-xBax)Bi2Ta2O9

The crystallographic features of the ferroelectric domain structures in (Sr1-xBax)Bi2Ta2O9 single crystals have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The unique 90° domain structures were found in these single crystals. In SrBi2Ta2O9 with x = 0, particularly the majority domains with the ±[1 1 0]t polarization vectors in the tetragonal notation are divided by the minority ones with the vectors, which were observed as a curved-line contrast in dark field images.

Prediction of the properties of Spanish lignocellulosic briquettes by means of dispersive X-ray fluorescence

Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (DXRF), has been used to analyze 11 samples of different Spanish lignocellulosic briquettes and 13types of ash from them. More than 90% of national production has been included. The aim of this work is to obtain some relationships that correlate the technological parameters (ashes, volatile matter and superior heat value) with their majority elementary components, (Si, K, Ca and P), and minority ones (Fe, Mn, Zn,Ti, Mg and Na), expressed as oxides. The end objective of this work it is to study the viability of an analytic system using the briquettes’ technological parameters by means of DXRF, considered to be a quick and non-destructive technique for the determination of such parameters, instead of the conventional, laborious and complex chemical system carried out in the lab.

Spin splitting in a polarized quasi-two-dimensional exciton gas.

We have observed a large spin splitting between "spin" $+1$ and $-1$ heavy-hole excitons, having unbalanced populations, in undoped GaAs/AlAs quantum wells in the absence of any external magnetic field. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, under excitation with circularly polarized light, reveals that, for high excitonic density and short times after the pulsed excitation, the emission from majority excitons lies above that of minority ones. The amount of the splitting, which can be as large as 50% of the binding energy, increases with excitonic density and presents a time evolution closely connected with the degree of polarization of the luminescence. Our results are interpreted on the light of a recently developed model, which shows that, while intra-excitonic exchange interaction is responsible for the spin relaxation processes, exciton-exciton interaction produces a breaking of the spin degeneracy in two-dimensional semiconductors.

Configuration of Antiphase Domains in One-Dimensional Long Period Superstructural Alloys

ABSTRACTThe configuration of antiphase domains in a one-dimensional long period superstructure (LPS) was examined theoretically. As LPS is composed of two kinds of antiphase domains, the domain-arrangement is described by f(n) , where f(n) is the existence probability of n which is the number of the majority domains between two minority ones. The equations for f(n) were derived using statistical approaches or thermodynamical ones, and f(n) predicted from the equations were compared with those obtained experimentally.