For the first time in historiography, the authors devoted an article to the tragic fate of Bernhard Lisovskyi (1898–1937), a German by origin, who, like many other representatives of national minorities, was absorbed by the flywheel of Soviet repression in the 1930s. The complete absence of scientific works devoted to the life and circumstances of the death of Bernhard Lisovskyi was revealed; only few mentions of him were found, which are contained in publications, primarily memoirs dedicated to the life and work of his famous brother, the artist Robert Lisovskyi. The research is based mainly on the analysis of the sources that have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation – the materials of two archival-investigative cases of Bernhard Lisovskyi, which are stored in the archives of the Dnipro city. The reconstruction of the biography of Bernhard Lisovskyi was carried out, the circle of his closest people and their fate in life were outlined. The documents of the archival- investigative cases of Bernhard Lisovskyi were analyzed, the reasons and detailed course of repressive actions against him were clarified. It was determined that the persecution of Lisovskyi took place in two stages: 1) in 1935, when due to the lack of convincing evidence of his guilt, first in espionage, and later in anti- Soviet agitation, the case was closed and Bernhard was released; 2) in 1937 – the final decision on his liquidation based on artificially created accusations regarding Lisovskyi’s participation in the anti- Soviet Polish military organization and planning terrorist activities. The course of the investigation of his case by the special services was considered, in particular, the investigation protocols with the testimony of Lisovskyi, witnesses, and eyewitness accounts were studied. The main reason for his arrest was determined to be his ethnic origin, which in most cases became the decisive factor for the relentless use of repressive measures against him. It has been proven that the investigators were constantly searching for new evidence of Bernhard’s anti- Soviet activities (communication with foreign relatives, campaigning, past connections with Germans, etc.), which would give the least reason to connect Bernhard Lisovskyi with espionage, counter- revolutionary network activities. The details of the second arrest of Bernhard Lisovskyi and the efforts of the NKVD authorities to include him together with other Kamianske residents in a fabricated case against the fictitious Polish underground, subversive- intelligence, terrorist organization – PMO are covered. The circumstances of the political rehabilitation of Bernhard Lisovskyi and the prospects of further scientific research into the case of PMO in Dnipropetrovsk oblast are separately disclosed.