Minority Areas Research Articles

Study on the Integration Development Model of Literature and Tourism in Ethnic Minority Areas Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Study on the Integration Development Model of Literature and Tourism in Ethnic Minority Areas Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Dietary diversity is associated with nutrient adequacy, blood biomarkers and anthropometric status among preschool children in poor ethnic minority area of Northwest China.

This study aimed to evaluate the status of dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, blood biomarkers of nutrients, and anthropometric status, as well as to determine the predictors of dietary diversity score (DDS) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) among preschool children in poor ethnic minority areas of northwest China. A total of 578 healthy preschool children aged 3-6 from 17 kindergartens were selected to assess dietary intake, anthropometric status (height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), and blood biomarkers. DDS and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were adopted to assess dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy, respectively. The mean DDS (ranging from 1 to 9) was relatively low (4.67 ± 1.56). Most participants consumed starchy staples, but few participants consumed organ meat. DDS was associated with serum potassium, serum iron, WAZ, HAZ, all NARs, and MAR (all p < 0.05). Living in urban areas (β = 0.158), higher household wealth (β = 0.116), and more caregivers' nutritional knowledge (β = 0.022) were positively associated with DDS (all p < 0.01), while living in urban areas (β = 0.031), higher education of caregivers (β = 0.0.027), and higher DDS (β = 0.049) were positively associated with MAR (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary diversity was associated with nutrient adequacy and other health outcomes. Nutritional education and poverty alleviation are integral to improving the nutritional status of preschool children.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY STUDY IN ETHNIC MINORITY AREAS AND POLICY SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR THE PERIOD OF 2021–2030

Ethnic policy in the field of education and training for ethnic minority and mountainous areas of the Party and State is a comprehensive system of policies that affects the entire national education system in ethnic minority and mountainous areas; in a long period of development process, it has strongly impacted and changed the quality of education and training in ethnic minority and mountainous areas of Vietnam. This article focuses on studying, analyzing, evaluating and synthesizing policies on education and training for ethnic minority and mountainous areas on the basis of a public policy assessment framework, in order to contribute to an overall view of the policy of education and training for ethnic minority and mountainous areas from 2016 to 2020, thereby proposing solutions to education and training policies for the implementation period of the National Target Program for socio-economic development of the ethnic minority and mountainous areas from the period of 2021-2030. Keywords: Ethnic policy; Education and training policy; Ethnic minority and mountainous areas; Public policy; Policy review .

THE SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICIES IN THE ETHNIC MINORITIES AREA IN THE SOUTHERN REGION

The issue of ensuring social security and taking care of the welfare of the people in general and ethnic minorities in particular, including ethnic minorities in the Southern region is a consistent policy of the Party, the State, the National Assembly and Government, this is the basic solution to reduce poverty sustainably, improve people’s living standards, at the same time contributing to socio-political stability. During the past years, the Party and State have always paid much attention to and invested heavily in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, poor districts, extremely difficult villages, coastal communes and islands; comprehensively implementing support and assistancing policies for ethnic minorities. The system of social security policies for ethnic minorities has been promulgated quite fully and comprehensively, covering the fields of social security, including job creation support, social insurance, social assistance and ensuring minimum access to social services (education, health care, insurance, housing, clean water, information, employment, hunger eradication, poverty reduction,...) which has contributed to improving the material and spiritual life of ethnic minorities. Therefore, in order to ensure a sustainable social security policy for ethnic minorities in the coming years, priority should be given to a number of fields such as investment in essential infrastructure, development of human resources, vocational training associated with job creation, use of ethnic minority cadres, multidimensional approach poverty reduction and sustainable poverty reduction... This is an important basis to contribute to poverty reduction and improvement of the people’s living standards day by day; thereby developing rapidly and sustainably in ethnic minority and mountainous areas. Keywords: Social security policy; Ethnic minority and mountainous areas; Southern Region.

The relationship between social capital and postpartum depression symptoms of lactating women in minority areas-A cross-sectional study from Guangxi, China.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common mental illness affecting women during lactation, and good social capital is considered a protective factor. This study aimed to investigate PPD symptoms, and explore the relationships between social capital and PPD symptoms of lactating women in southwest minority areas in China. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 lactating women in Guangxi, China. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Chinese version of the Social Capital Assessment Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing PPD symptoms, and a structural equation model was used to examine how social participation and cognitive social capital mediated PPD symptoms. The total prevalence of PPD symptoms (score > 12) was 16.46%, and that of mild depression symptoms (9-12 score) was 22.03%. Nine variables predicted PPD symptoms and explained 71.6% of the variance in the regression model: higher age, lack of medical security, fixed occupation, breastfeeding time, self-caregiver, maternity leave, social participation, social trust, and social reciprocity. Furthermore, cognitive social capital mediated the relationship between social participation and PPD symptoms, with a mediation effect rate was 44.00%. The findings of this study highlight that social capital, support from family members, maternity leave, and medical insurance play protective roles in the PPD symptoms of lactating women. It is necessary to improve social capital as a key strategy for interventions for PPD symptoms, and active social participation activities are critical to reducing PPD symptoms among lactating women in minority areas.

Application value of high-throughput sequencing for the detection of thalassemia in ethnic Li minority areas

To assess the value of high-throughput sequencing for the detection of thalassemia-associated variants in ethnic Li minority areas of Hainan, China. In Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province, 1842 middle school students were randomly selected as the subjects, which included 1249 ethnic Lis, 454 ethnic Hans, and 139 individuals from other ethnic minorities. With DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples, gap-PCR combined with high-throughput sequencing were carried out to detect potential variants of the globin genes. In total 22 α-thalassemia genotypes, 5β-thalassemia genotypes, and 21 α-composite β-thalassemia genotypes were detected. The carrier rates for ethnic Li, ethnic Han and other ethnic minorities were 78.14%, 24.01%, and 28.06%, respectively. In addition, 22 fusion genes, 8 variants leading to abnormal hemoglobin, and 10 rare mutations were identified. High-throughput sequencing can detect a wide range of genetic variants associated with thalassemia in the ethnic Li minority areas and has played an important role for the identification of fusion genes, variants underlying hemoglobin anomalies and rare mutations.

Effect evaluation of kangaroo mother care in Liping area, Guizhou province,China

BackgroudKangaroo mother care (KMC) refers to the mother and baby after the birth of the early start of continuous skin contact way of a newborn care, which is a simple operation, easy controlled and with low cost, no large or high consumption of equipment.So it is very suitable for developing in areas where medical resources are relatively scarce, such as GuiZhou province where is a relatively poor province in China with many ethnic minorities.MethodsThis study selected the pregnant women who gave birth in Liping County, Guizhou Province, China, as the research object, to explore the impact of kangaroo mother care on the physiologic status of newborns in liping county, Guizhou Province.ResultsA total of 347 hospitalized parturient women were divided into the KMC group and the control group. The results showed that the KMC group showed obvious advantages in stabilizing newborn vital signs, health indicators, promoting the success rate of breastfeeding and reducing newborn pain.ConclusionsResearch shows that kangaroo mother care is beneficial to postpartum maternal and infant health, and has advantages suitable for local characteristics, which is worth further promotion in minority areas of Guizhou Province.

Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Menumbuhkan Nilai-Nilai Religius

Instilling religious values ​​from an early age in minority areas is very important, considering the challenges in minority areas are very difficult due to many factors that become obstacles, so the role of education through Islamic religious education teachers is needed to cultivate these religious values. This study aims to explore the strategies of Islamic religious education teachers in cultivating religious values ​​and analyze the strategies of Islamic religious education teachers at MA Hidayatullah Baar Marotauk, East Nusa Tenggara. The method used to answer the objectives of this research is to use qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, using primary data sources obtained through interviews with school principals and Islamic religious education teachers at MA Hidayatullah Baar Marotauk, East Nusa Tenggara. Furthermore, the data obtained is checked for validity, which aims to be scientifically justified. The research results from the teacher's strategy found that two important factors influenced the strategy of Islamic religious education teachers, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are from within the school, while external factors come from outside, such as the environment and family.

China Case Study on The Differentiated Support Policy for The Self-development Capability of The Government in Eight Ethnic Areas

Constructing a long-term mechanism to solve the relative poverty in ethnic areas is inseparable from the improvement in the self-development ability of the government in ethnic regions. The empirical analysis of the eight ethnic provinces in China showed that the self-development capabilities of the governments in ethnic regions were relatively weak; the gap between the economic regulation and public service capabilities of the provincial governments had narrowed, while the gap between social security and environmental protection capabilities had expanded. The self-development capacity of the government in ethnic areas had room for improvement. It was an important national strategy to help minority areas cultivate and improve the government's self-development capability. We observed that the differentiated policies of the state to support the improvement of the government's self-development ability in ethnic areas mainly include a fiscal transfer payment policy and mutual interest cooperation policy. Measures should be taken to improve them respectively to enhance the self-development ability of the government in ethnic areas and build a solid foundation for the construction of the Chinese nation while promoting the sustainable development of ethnic regions.

Motivational profiles of kindergarten teachers in minority areas of China and their association with outcomes.

Academic discourses regarding teacher motivation have been on-going for decades for those who teach in ethnic minority areas. Yet research findings failed to provide a consistent conclusion regarding if kindergarten teachers' motivation pattern would vary based on a case-to-case scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to probe the motivation patterns among this population. The study firstly examined kindergarten teachers' motivational profiles based on Expectancy Value Theory (EVT), and then examined how teachers' motivation related to outcome variables (work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention). Participants included 1,199 kindergarten teachers from ethnic minority areas in China. Latent profile analysis identified three motivation profiles for teachers: low value-high cost (profile 1), moderate all (profile 2), and high value-low cost (profile 3). Teacher with different motivation profiles had significant differences in work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention. In addition, chain mediation analysis revealed that work engagement and workplace wellbeing mediated the relationship between motivation profiles and retention intention. The implications of the findings for study are discussed.

Sliding Window Detection and Analysis Method of Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Time Series—A Case Study of the Torch Festival in Yunnan Province, China

The spatial distribution of night-time lights (NTL) provides a new perspective for studying the range and influence of human activities. However, most studies employing NTL time series are based on monthly or annual composite data, and time series studies incorporating sliding windows are currently lacking. Therefore, using National Polar-Orbiting Partnership’s visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (NPP-VIIRS) night-time light remote sensing (NTLRS) data, VNP46A2, toponym, and Yunnan census statistical data, this study proposes a sliding-window-based NTLRS time series detection and analysis method. We extracted ethnic minority areas on the PyCharm platform using ethnic minority population proportion data and toponym and excluding data representing interference from urban areas. We used a sliding window approach to analyze NTLRS time series data of each ethnic group and calculated the cosine similarity between the NTL brightness curve of original data and the sliding window analysis result. The cosine similarity was greater than 0.96 from 2018 to 2020; we also conducted a field trip to the 2019 Torch Festival to demonstrate the applicability of the employed method. Finally, the temporal and spatial pattern of the Torch Festival was analyzed using the festival in Yunnan Province as an example. Results showed that the Torch Festival, mostly celebrated by the Yi ethnic group, was usually held on the 24th (and ranged from the 22nd to 26th) day in the sixth month of the lunar calendar (LC) every year. We found that during the Torch Festival, the greater the increase in the percentage of NTL brightness reduction in the main urban area of Kunming, the greater the percentage of ethnic minorities’ NTL brightness. The width of the sliding window can be adjusted appropriately according to the research objective, with these results showing good continuity. Our study presents a new application of the sliding window approach in the field of remote sensing, suitable for research into festivals related to night lights and fire all over the world.

Study on Farmers’ Willingness to Maintain the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ethnic Minority Areas under the Background of Subsidy Expiration

The sloping land conversion program (SLCP) is one of the most important payment for ecosystem services (PESs) in the world, as direct stakeholders and the final implementers of the SLCP, farmers’ willingness to maintain the achievements is the basis for the consolidation and sustainable operation of the SLCP. Based on a survey of 975 farmers in Hunan Province, Gansu Province, and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, this study used the elastic net model to accurately select the influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to maintain the SLCP and the logit model to measure these factors. Finally, combined with the interpretative structural model (ISM), we further analyzed the hierarchical structure of each significant influencing factor. The main results are as follows. Firstly, off-farm employment, whether the head of the household is a village cadre, labor number, land area, income level, subjective norms from the organization, altruistic rationality, active ability, and policy perception had significant and positive impacts on farmers’ willingness to maintain the SLCP. In contrast, whether the head of the household is an ethnic minority and the expiration of the SLCP subsidy had significant and negative impacts on farmers’ willingness to maintain the SLCP. Secondly, the factors affecting farmers’ willingness to maintain the SLCP are at different levels, being both independent and interrelated. Among them, the deep-rooted factors are whether the head of the household is an ethnic minority, the expiration of the SLCP subsidy, the labor number, and whether the head of the household is a village cadre. Based on the above results, government departments should broaden the income channels of farmers in ethnic minority areas, strengthen the publicity to maintain the SLCP in ethnic minority areas, and improve the SLCP’s follow-up policy to enhance the farmers’ willingness to maintain the SLCP and ensure the program’s sustainability.

Analysis of the Influence of Human Resources on the Economic Development of Minority Areas Based on Data Mining.

In order to break the bottleneck of the human capital stock restricting local economic growth in the typical western regions with backward national economic development, a research on the analysis of the impact of human resources on the economic development of ethnic regions based on data mining is proposed. On the basis of systematically reviewing the current situation and the theoretical basis of the relationship between human capital and economic growth, the method of combining normative research and empirical research is adopted, and the theories of macroeconomics, development economics, and regional economics are synthesized. In the research, the human capital and economic development in a certain western region are analyzed by establishing an econometric model. The results show that the average value of each year is taken as the inspection index, and the contribution rate is 0.0012, which shows that the contribution of human capital stock in economic growth is very small, indicating that physical capital stock is still the main driving force for local economic development. It is concluded that the research provides some relevant recommendations for human capital development to achieve sustainable local economic development.

Mobile phone use addiction, insomnia, and depressive symptoms in adolescents from ethnic minority areas in China: A latent variable mediation model

Background and aimsAlthough previous studies have discussed the association between mobile phone use addiction (MPUA) and depressive symptoms in adolescents, studies on Chinese adolescents are limited, with no studies being reported on adolescents from ethnic minority areas within Yunnan. This study aimed to explore the mediating mechanism of insomnia in the association between MPUA and depressive symptoms among Yunnan college students. MethodsA sample survey was conducted among 10,121 college students from four colleges in Yunnan province, China, from November to December 2021 via cluster sampling. Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index Scale, MPUA was assessed using the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between MPUA, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of insomnia. ResultsThe positive rates of depressive symptoms, MPUA, and insomnia were 39.2 %, 30.8 %, and 22.3 %, respectively. After adjusting for the demographic and confounding variables, MPUA (β = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.13–0.15, P < 0.01) and insomnia (β = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.46, P < 0.01) were associated with depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The mediating effect of insomnia accounted for 34.7 % of the total effect in the mediating model of MPUA associated with depressive symptoms. ConclusionOur findings suggest that insomnia partially mediates the association between MPUA and depressive symptoms among Yunnan college students.

HO CHI MINH CITY ABOUT SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUTAINOUS AREAS

The Communist Party of Vietnam upholds Ho Chi Minh's thought as completely correct in socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas. That is consistent with President Ho Chi Minh's great contributions and pure moral example. That work is also consistent with the development of Marxism - Leninism. Therefore, Ho Chi Minh's thought is not only the ideological foundation and guideline for the actions of our Party and the Vietnamese revolution, but also becoming a sustainable value that has been and will be spread more and more widely, deeply in the world. Keywords: Ho Chi Minh’s thought; Socio-economic development; Ethnic minorities and mountainous areas.

The complete chloroplast genome of Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Its root is a widely used Yao Medicine (YM) to treat internal and external bleeding at the Yao minority areas in southern China. Here, we provide the complete chloroplast genome of C. macrophylla which was collected from Laibin city in Guangxi, China. The total length of the chloroplast genome is 154,141 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region, a small single-copy (SSC) region, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) regions which are separated by the LSC and SSC, with lengths of 84,904 bp, 17,839 bp, and 25,699 bp, respectively. One hundred and thirty-one genes were identified, including 89 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content is 38%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. macrophylla is closely related to C. integerrima var. chinensis.

Tourism dependence and poverty alleviation thresholds in Chinese ethnic tourism.

Questions persist on the relationship between tourism dependence and economic growth in ethnic tourism areas. This study addresses such gaps by constructing a threshold regression model based on socio-economic data from 2006 to 2019 for nine sites in Enshi Prefecture of central China. ArcGIS and other open-source data were also used to visualize changing tourism resources in the region. Findings suggest that tourism dependence (the ratio of tourism-based GDP to overall GDP) significantly promotes economic growth in ethnic minority areas. However, the positive influence of tourism dependence on economic growth appears dynamic and non-linear — rising at first before falling when tourism dependence exceeded a threshold of 34%, with effects varying by site and year. Methods and findings make crucial theoretical contributions to understanding tourism dependence and poverty alleviation linkages. This paper also highlights the importance of political support and balanced investment in diverse industries to minimize decreasing returns beyond tourism dependence thresholds in destinations worldwide.Electronic supplementary materialSupplementary material (Appendix 1) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11629-022-7479-2.

POLICY ON HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION

Education in our country’s ethnic minority and mountainous areas has achieved very encouraging results in recent years, which significantly contributes to the improvement of ethnic minorities’ educational level; rapidly increases the amount of ethnic minorities with college, university and post-graduate degrees. This achievement is largely due to the fact that over the years, we have effectively implemented the Party and State's human resource development policies in the field of education. These policies have created opportunities for students who are children of ethnic minorities to access and benefit from educational policies and be given favorable conditions for comprehensive development of the mind and body. The article deeply analyzes the actual situation of implementing policies on human resource development in the field of education in ethnic minority and mountainous areas in recent years, discussing a system of solutions to improve the quality of human resources, effective implementation of this group of policies. The achievements of this group of policies have been and will make an important contribution to the sustainable socio-economic development and security and defense in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, in the context of international integration today.

Policies for Promoting the Digital Transformation in Education in Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas

Digital transformation is an important condition to enhance opportunities for expanding and improving the quality of education in ethnic minority areas. The essence of digital transformation in education is the transformation of content, curricula, and education management based on technology for high socio-economic efficiency at low cost. Digital transformation in education opens up opportunities and contributes to social development in ethnic minority areas. However, this process faces many challenges due to the typically difficult natural and socio-economic conditions of the ethnic minority areas. Therefore, an adequate understanding of digital transformation, as well as accurate assessments of the context in order to achieve sound digital transformation policies of improving the quality and effectiveness of education, are critical for the development of ethnic minority areas.&#x0D; Keywords: policies, digital transformation, education, ethnic minorities

Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and adolescent academic burnout in Wenchuan area during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigates the characteristics of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and academic burnout among adolescents in an ethnic minority area in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines the moderating role of core belief challenge on the association between PTG and academic burnout. This study surveyed 941 secondary school students in Wenchuan using the posttraumatic growth inventory, adolescent academic burnout inventory, core beliefs inventory, and a self-designed demographic questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) Five months after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the level of PTG among adolescents in the Wenchuan area was high and its prevalence was 32.3%. Among them, the dimension of perceived changes in self was the highest, and the PTG level of junior high school students was higher than that of high school students. The academic burnout level of adolescents, particularly emotional exhaustion, was also high. The academic burnout level of the high school students was higher than that of junior high school students. (2) There was a significant negative correlation between PTG and academic burnout among adolescents. (3) Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between PTG and academic burnout. PTG had a significant negative predictive effect on adolescents’ academic burnout only when the core belief challenge was above a moderate level. These results showed the uniqueness of PTG and psychological behavioral problems of adolescents in ethnic minority areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also emphasized the key role of core belief challenge in the process of PTG in reducing adolescents’ academic burnout. Based on these results, recommendations are provided to alleviate academic burnout among adolescents in Wenchuan against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. While providing full play to ethnic minority cultural characteristics to promote posttraumatic growth, guiding adolescents’ value reflection and cognitive reconstruction should be focused on.