Minority Areas Of China Research Articles

6-month regimen of isoniazid prevention therapy for tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in minority areas of China: a 3-year prospective cohort study.

As China is scaling up tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in its national programmes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of 6-month regimen of isoniazid monotherapy (6H) in terms of preventive therapy acceptance, adherence, effectiveness and outcomes in minority areas with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS. A prospective observational cohort study was initiated among 461 PLHIV in Butuo County after ruling out active TB (ATB) and followed up for up to 3 years to collect incidence events in real-world settings. TB incidence and protective rates were calculated. The risk factors related to acceptance and adherence were identified using a logistic regression model. Of the 688 PLHIV screened for TB, 115 (16.72 %) had ATB. Among the 461 participants eligible for 6H, 392 (85.03%) initiated 6H, and 277 (70.67%) completed the therapy. In total, 15 were identified as having ATB during follow-up. The incidence of ATB in the complete group was 0.62/100 person years (95% CI 0.20 to 1.45) as compared with the incomplete group 2.96/100 person years (95% CI 1.36 to 5.63) (p=0.005), and the protective rate of 6H was 79.05%. The protection rate between the complete and incomplete and refusal groups was 69.31%. In total, 142 (36.22%) patients experienced adverse drug reactions during isoniazid preventive therapy. The logistic regression model revealed several factors associated with 6H acceptance: first CD4+ T lymphocyte count was between 200 and 350 cells/mm3 (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.92) or>500 cells/mm3 (aOR=0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.77). Factors associated with 6H adherence: 36-45 years old (aOR=2.76, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.10), middle school education (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.79) and history of prior TB (aOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.20). 6H can reduce the incidence of ATB in minority areas with high burdens of TB and HIV/AIDS. Periodic counselling of patients on adherence and retraining of the TPT staff are essential. Health monitoring and education for specific populations improve TPT acceptance and adherence.

Qualitative Study on the Use of Red Scarves by Young Pioneers

The Chinese Young Pioneers is a grassroots mass organization specifically established for Chinese children and youth, with the main goal of guiding them to learn the core values of communism and striving to shape them into active contributors and successors to the future socialist and communist cause. The red scarf, as a symbol of the Young Pioneers, carries glorious historical memories and serves as a distinct identity symbol for its members, which should be properly cherished. Wearing a red scarf not only enhances the organizational identity and sense of belonging of Young Pioneers, but also plays a positive role in promoting their understanding and acceptance of collectivist values. The red scarf is not only an external unified form, but also carries the deeper meaning and value of education. This study focuses on the phenomenon of abnormal and standardized behavior in the use of red scarves by young pioneers in the current context of ethnic minority areas in China. By observing and analyzing the specific usage of red scarves by Young Pioneers in ethnic regions, the aim is to reveal the multiple factors that lead to the improper use of red scarves and explore the complex socio-cultural roots behind it. Further propose relevant strategies from an educational perspective to standardize the use of red scarves by Young Pioneers, aiming to promote the comprehensive improvement of Young Pioneers' educational practices, and hoping to stimulate extensive thinking on how to optimize Young Pioneers' educational methods.

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for pediatric burns: a case-control study in underdeveloped minority areas in China.

Pediatric burns are common, especially in underdeveloped countries, and these can physically affect the children involved and have an impact on their mental health. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of pediatric burns in underdeveloped minority areas of China. Case information from 192 children was collected from outpatient and inpatient clinics using a survey questionnaire. These included 90 pediatric burn cases and 102 controls who were children without burns. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for pediatric burns in order to establish a model. The goodness-of-fit for the model was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test as well as receiver operating characteristic and internal calibration curves. A nomogram was then used to analyze the contribution of each influencing factor to the pediatric burns model. Seven variables, including gender, age, ethnic minority, the household register, mother's employment status, mother's education and number of children, were analyzed for both groups of children. Of these, age, ethnic minority, mother's employment status and number of children in a household were found to be related to the occurrence of pediatric burns using univariate logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). After a collinearity diagnosis, a multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables with tolerances of >0.2 and variance inflation factor <5 showed that age was a protective factor for pediatric burns [odds ratio (OR) = 0.725; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.665-0.801]. Compared with single-child parents, those with two children were at greater risk of pediatric burns (OR = 0.389; 95% CI: 0.158-0.959). The ethnic minority of the child and the mother's employment status were also risk factors (OR = 6.793; 95% CI: 2.203-20.946 and OR = 2.266; 95% CI: 1.025-5.012, respectively). Evaluation of the model used was found to be stable. A nomogram showed that the contribution in the children burns model was age > mother's employment status > number of children > ethnic minority. This study showed that there are several risk factors strongly correlated to pediatric burns, including age, ethnic minority, the number of children in a household and mother's employment status. Government officials should direct their preventive approach to tackling the problem of pediatric burns by promoting awareness of these findings.

A Semantic Map Study on the Rules of Place Names Setting in Ethnic Minority Areas in China

Abstract In this paper, for the information categorization of toponyms in ethnic minority agglomerations, different cultural partitioning results are derived by combining the region of interest model, which constitutes a specific semantic map of the region of interest model, i.e., a semantic map of the toponymic structure. The preference index of toponymic culture is taken as a feature variable, and the calculation of toponymic similarity in ethnic minority agglomerations is realized by adopting the method based on the difference of feature vectors. Dynamically determining the weights is used to evaluate the semantic similarity of spatial data for place names. To examine the distribution characteristics and distribution patterns of place names in ethnic minority agglomerations, kernel density and logistic regression models are utilized. The ratio of the number of place names of each ethnic group to the total number of county units is analyzed by Moran’s I index to obtain the spatial autocorrelation distribution direction of the distribution of place names in Yunnan Hani Autonomous County. The analysis shows that the spatial autocorrelation index of the Hani ethnic group is 0.3524, which mainly falls in the first, second and third quadrants, where the first quadrant indicates that the area around the region with a higher proportion of Hani ethnic group place names is likewise a positively correlated region with a higher proportion of Hani ethnic group place names. As per the semantic map analysis results, the spatial distribution of the population closely corresponds with the distribution of toponyms in ethnic minority areas.

Multi-Governance of Basketball Event Organization in Ethnic Areas Based on PESTEL Analysis Model

Abstract The national and regional basketball professional league is a complex system that multiple organizations and industries influence. Its development is restricted and influenced by many factors. The basketball profession in ethnic areas is studied. The goal is to explore the correlation between each factor and its strength using PESTEL analysis and statistics. It is found that the potential and core strength of reserve talents, first-line players, coaches, and other talents are important conditions for their development at the micro level. The management system, business operation, and the professionalization of referees in the league are major factors affecting the league’s development. At the larger level, politics, economics, and culture are secondary factors. There are some obvious problems with sports development in the minority areas of China.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and mental health status among college students in China: a cross-sectional study.

During the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little was known about the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) about COVID-19 and psychological status of college students in minority areas. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP of college students in minority areas of China toward COVID-19 and to provide a scientific basis for health education and policy formulation. From October 28th to November 6th, 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,272 college students to examine KAP and its effects on mental health. Regarding COVID-19 knowledge, the overall awareness rate was 24.11% (1,271). Regarding health attitudes, most students had positive attitudes about COVID-19 prevention and control (94.95%), and females had higher positive attitudes than males (OR: 1.920; CI: 1.494-2.469). Regarding preventive behaviors, more than half of the students took preventive measures (53.48%), and freshmen had the highest health behavior scores. In terms of psychological status, there were fewer females with depression and stress than males. College students in minority areas have positive health attitudes; however, their knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control is low. Moreover, their precautionary behaviors are insufficient, and they have many negative emotions.

Assessing the effects of the large‐scale road construction on the ethnic disparities of accessibility in Tibet from 2010 to 2020

AbstractTibet is the main consist of the Tibetan Plateau and also inhabited by minorities in China. How to promote its road accessibility and narrow the gap between different ethnic groups should draw more attention. This study analyzes both territorial accessibility (At) and potential accessibility (Ap) in Tibet from 2010 to 2020, as well as the disparities within and between main ethnic groups, exploring whether ethnic minorities undertook the accessibility disparity or loss. The findings are as follows: (1) At and Ap are characterized by a center‐periphery structure with a remarkably improvement and spatial difference from 2010 to 2020. The disparity between counties tends to widen slightly, whereas the increment of At shows the opposite feature. (2) The Hui and Han ethnic groups enjoy better accessibility than Tibetans, and the other ethnic minorities have insufficient accessibility, though with prominent improvement. The disparity in At within ethnic groups is smaller but tends to widen; by contrast, that of Ap is larger but tends to narrow. The Hui ethnic group enjoys relative equal accessibility, which tends to be more so, while Tibetans face unequal accessibility with no obvious improvement. (3) The proportion of Tibetans is negatively correlated with the improved accessibility, but those of the other ethnic minorities are positively correlated with the increment of At, indicating that the accessibility improvement in Tibet tilts to the ethnic minorities in remote areas. The overall spatial disparities in accessibility in Tibet tend to widen, but this does not totally apply to those between and within ethnic groups. Nonetheless, the construction of transport infrastructure alone may not be able to achieve equality. Above results may provide reference for related research and policy making for remote and minority areas in China and other similar regions.

Research on Public Participation in Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection in Ethnic Minority Areas

At present, public participation has become an important foundation for cultural heritage conservation, inheritance and sustainable development. The practice of cultural heritage conservation in Italy proves that successful heritage conservation must give full play to the power of the people and rely on extensive public participation. This paper analyzes the necessity of public participation in cultural heritage conservation in minority areas and examines the implications of the Italian model of "public participation" for the conservation of the intangible cultural heritage in minority areas in China. Conclusions: to enhance conservation awareness by leveraging folk power; to introduce social capital and establish incentive mechanisms; to cultivate inheritance talents and improve the art echelon; to create a conservation atmosphere with digital empowerment; and to revitalize the intangible cultural heritage and enhance interactive experiences.

A history of the evolution of traditional arts in ethnic minority areas in China: the example of drum culture

A history of the evolution of traditional arts in ethnic minority areas in China: the example of drum culture

Evaluation and influencing factors of farmers’ sustainable livelihood response to ecocultural tourism in minority areas of China

Ecocultural tourism plays an crucial role in promoting poverty reduction and farmers’ sustainable livelihood enhancement worldwide, which has attracted strong attention from scholars and society. However, the impact of ecological and cultural capital of farmers’ sustainable livelihoods have not been yet fully investigated. This paper modifies the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) and emphasizes the effects of ecological and cultural capital on farmers’ sustainable livelihoods. The modified SLF can be used as a possible theoretical model to comprehensively characterize farmers’ sustainable livelihoods in tourism destinations with rich ecological and cultural resources. By constructing an evaluation index system, principle component analysis and multiple linear regression are used to analyze the types and response levels of farmers’ sustainable livelihoods to ecocultural tourism and determine the factors influencing this response. The results show that farmers’ sustainable livelihood responses to ecocultural tourism can be classified into six types. The overall response values are low, and the responses are ranked by the degree of response in descending order as complete response, balanced development, cultural network, ecology-dominant, developmental delay, and resource advantage response. Farmers’ sustainable livelihoods respond strongly to cultural capital and ecological capital factors and relatively weakly to physical, natural, social, financial, and labor capital. Five main factors that influence farmers’ sustainable livelihood responses are then identified. Finally, strategies and suggestions for livelihood transformation, strategy selection, and improvement are proposed. This study provides case study examples for promoting the sustainable development of ecocultural tourism sites and improving farmers’ livelihoods in China and worldwide.

Shi Zhenyi on New Approaches for the Development of Western Minority Areas in China

Shi Zhenyi on New Approaches for the Development of Western Minority Areas in China

Motivational profiles of kindergarten teachers in minority areas of China and their association with outcomes.

Academic discourses regarding teacher motivation have been on-going for decades for those who teach in ethnic minority areas. Yet research findings failed to provide a consistent conclusion regarding if kindergarten teachers' motivation pattern would vary based on a case-to-case scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to probe the motivation patterns among this population. The study firstly examined kindergarten teachers' motivational profiles based on Expectancy Value Theory (EVT), and then examined how teachers' motivation related to outcome variables (work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention). Participants included 1,199 kindergarten teachers from ethnic minority areas in China. Latent profile analysis identified three motivation profiles for teachers: low value-high cost (profile 1), moderate all (profile 2), and high value-low cost (profile 3). Teacher with different motivation profiles had significant differences in work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention. In addition, chain mediation analysis revealed that work engagement and workplace wellbeing mediated the relationship between motivation profiles and retention intention. The implications of the findings for study are discussed.

Mobile phone use addiction, insomnia, and depressive symptoms in adolescents from ethnic minority areas in China: A latent variable mediation model

Background and aimsAlthough previous studies have discussed the association between mobile phone use addiction (MPUA) and depressive symptoms in adolescents, studies on Chinese adolescents are limited, with no studies being reported on adolescents from ethnic minority areas within Yunnan. This study aimed to explore the mediating mechanism of insomnia in the association between MPUA and depressive symptoms among Yunnan college students. MethodsA sample survey was conducted among 10,121 college students from four colleges in Yunnan province, China, from November to December 2021 via cluster sampling. Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index Scale, MPUA was assessed using the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between MPUA, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of insomnia. ResultsThe positive rates of depressive symptoms, MPUA, and insomnia were 39.2 %, 30.8 %, and 22.3 %, respectively. After adjusting for the demographic and confounding variables, MPUA (β = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.13–0.15, P < 0.01) and insomnia (β = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.43–0.46, P < 0.01) were associated with depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The mediating effect of insomnia accounted for 34.7 % of the total effect in the mediating model of MPUA associated with depressive symptoms. ConclusionOur findings suggest that insomnia partially mediates the association between MPUA and depressive symptoms among Yunnan college students.

Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and adolescent academic burnout in Wenchuan area during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigates the characteristics of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and academic burnout among adolescents in an ethnic minority area in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examines the moderating role of core belief challenge on the association between PTG and academic burnout. This study surveyed 941 secondary school students in Wenchuan using the posttraumatic growth inventory, adolescent academic burnout inventory, core beliefs inventory, and a self-designed demographic questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) Five months after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the level of PTG among adolescents in the Wenchuan area was high and its prevalence was 32.3%. Among them, the dimension of perceived changes in self was the highest, and the PTG level of junior high school students was higher than that of high school students. The academic burnout level of adolescents, particularly emotional exhaustion, was also high. The academic burnout level of the high school students was higher than that of junior high school students. (2) There was a significant negative correlation between PTG and academic burnout among adolescents. (3) Core belief challenge moderated the relationship between PTG and academic burnout. PTG had a significant negative predictive effect on adolescents’ academic burnout only when the core belief challenge was above a moderate level. These results showed the uniqueness of PTG and psychological behavioral problems of adolescents in ethnic minority areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also emphasized the key role of core belief challenge in the process of PTG in reducing adolescents’ academic burnout. Based on these results, recommendations are provided to alleviate academic burnout among adolescents in Wenchuan against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. While providing full play to ethnic minority cultural characteristics to promote posttraumatic growth, guiding adolescents’ value reflection and cognitive reconstruction should be focused on.

Integrated plasma pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Gerberae Piloselloidis Herba in treatment of allergic asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevanceGerberae Piloselloidis Herba (GPH), a commonly used traditional medicine in China, is derived from Gerbera piloselloides (Linn.) Cass. It is featured by its special bioactivities as antitussive, expectorant, anti-asthma, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, uterine analgesia, and immunity-enhancing. With a long history of medication in ethnic minority areas in China, it is often used as an effective treatment for cough and sore throat as well as allergic asthma. Although our previous investigation also has discovered GPH performed effective treatment on allergic asthma, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Aim of the studyThis research aims to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of GPH in the treatment for allergic asthma through combination of plasma pharmacology and network pharmacology. Materials and methodsFirstly, the components of GPH in blood samples were identified using UHPLC- Q-Orbitrap HRMS. An interaction network of "compound-target-disease" was constructed based on the compounds confirmed in blood and on their corresponding targets of allergic asthma acquired from disease gene databases, predicting the possible biological targets and potential signal pathways of GPH with the network pharmacology analysis. Then, a molecular docking between the blood ingredients and the core targets was carried out using the Autodock Vina software. Subsequently, after establishing a mouse model with allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA), the effect of GPH on allergic asthma was evaluated by analyzing a series of indicators including behavior, lung pathological changes, inflammatory factors in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Finally, the key pathway and targets predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking were further verified using Western blot analysis. ResultsEleven chemical constituents (such as arbutin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, etc.) were identified through the analysis of plasma samples, on which basis a total of 142 genes intersecting GPH and allergic asthma were collected by network pharmacology. After performing enrichment analysis of these genes in gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), it was found that arbutin-related targets mainly focused on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway, while luteolin and marmesin -related targets tended to locate at Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signal pathway. Meanwhile, the findings of molecular docking suggested that such components as arbutin, luteolin and marmesin entering into blood had good binding with the core targets related to PI3K/Akt and IL-17 pathways. In addition, GPH improved the OVA-induced asthma symptoms, the alveolar septa thickening and the infiltration of inflammatory cell around bronchi and bronchioles as well as reduced the levels of IgE, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum or BALF. Furthermore, GPH could inhibit the phosphorylation level of Akt and the expression of PI3K, an efficacy supported by the findings by way of Western blot which suggests that GPH in the treatment of allergic asthma was linked to PI3K/Akt signal pathway. ConclusionIn this study, a comprehensive strategy to combine the UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS with network pharmacology was employed to clarify the mechanism of GPH against allergic asthma, a finding where GPH may inhibit PI3K/Akt signal pathway to protect mice from OVA-induced allergic asthma. This study provides a deeper understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of GPH in treatment of asthma, offering a scientific reference for further research and clinical application of GPH in terms of allergic asthma.

Associations between kindergarten climate and retention intention of kindergarten teachers: The chain mediating roles of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment.

Kindergarten climate has been reported to be closely associated with teachers' retention intention, yet the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear in some ethnic minority areas in China. Based on the Personal-Environment Fit Theory and Organizational Support Theory, the research aims to examine the correlation between kindergarten climate and retention intention of Chinese kindergarten teachers in ethnic minority areas and the chain mediating role of perceived organizational support, as well as the psychological empowerment. In total, 1,199 Chinese kindergarten teachers were recruited from ethnic minority areas to complete the questionnaires. Based on their responses, the main findings of the study were listed as follows: (1) A supportive kindergarten climate has a positive correlation with perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment, and retention intention. (2) A positive kindergarten climate would increase the retention intention only through the indirect path of perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment, as well as the chain mediating path between these two variables. Taken together, these results further explained the interplay between kindergarten climate and teachers' retention intention. Implications for research on retention intention were discussed. Theoretically, it enriches the theoretical basis related to the external environmental resources and individual cognition. Practically, it means that educational policymakers will need to issue new guidelines to ensure that more kindergarten teachers are retained in China's ethnic minority areas.

A latent profile analysis of residents' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward common chronic diseases among ethnic minority area in China.

BackgroundHealth literacy plays an important role in preventing and managing chronic diseases, while low levels of health literacy among ethnic minorities are a major manifestation of health inequities. We believe that before effective health literacy intervention strategies, it is preferable to understand the features of health literacy among ethnic minorities. The present study firstly updated insights on health literacy among ethnic minorities by investigating the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) profile of common chronic diseases in ethnic minority areas, and secondly discussed the KAP profiles in detail to inspire future health education interventions.MethodsA cross-sectional, health-literacy-sensitive study was conducted in China's typical ethnic minority area. Participants included 801 adult residents who lived in the ethnic minority area. The primary outcome was participant scores on the KAP questionnaire of common chronic diseases, followed by latent profile analysis to identify participants with similar KAP score patterns and determine whether membership in specific groups was associated with demographic or clinical characteristics.ResultsThe participants included 496 ethnic minorities (61.9%) and 305 Han Chinese (38.1%). Three-profile solution was determined after the latent profile analysis: incomplete transfer [I.T.] (n = 215), better practice [B.P.] (n = 301), and average [A.V.] (n = 285). IT group (26.84%) was characterized by the highest level of knowledge and attitude toward common chronic diseases and below average level for practice. Participants in B.P. group performed poorly in both knowledge and attitude toward common chronic diseases but had the highest level of practice. A.V. group reflected average knowledge, attitude, and practice toward common chronic diseases among three subgroups. Ethnic minorities were the dominant population in A.V. group (68.8%). Compared with other groups, the A.V. group contained the largest proportions of married participants (84.2%), participants with no formal education (46.7%), and high annual out-of-pocket medical expense (33.3%).ConclusionA more specific and nuanced understanding of minority health literacy can enable service providers to provide more effective health education to their recipients, thereby improving health inequities.

The Application of Scaffolding Instruction to College English Writing Teaching In Minority Area of China

Abstract&#x0D; Writing is an important part of English, and it is one of the abilities of communication that students must need. However, there are many problems in the writing process. The students and teachers do not pay much attention to the English writing, and the college school students’ writing is not so good. Scaffolding teaching is a specific teaching method based on the Constructivist Theory. The author applied the Scaffolding teaching method to the teaching of English writing in College for six weeks. The author tries to test whether scaffolding method stimulates students’ interest in writing, and improve students’ proficiency in English writing.

Adherence to dietary guide for elderly adults and health risks of older adults in ethnic minority areas in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe impact of dietary guidelines on health in ethnic minority regions needs to be further explored because of multiple sociocultural factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the association between adherence to dietary guidelines and health risks in an elderly population in an ethnic minority region.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 836 older adults in ethnic minority areas. They were asked to describe their daily dietary intake levels through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The closeness coefficient for each study subject was calculated by using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), which measures the adherence to Dietary Guide for Elderly Adults (DGEA). Regression models were used to analyze the association between adherence and health risks.ResultsThe daily food of the elderly in this area comprised cereals and vegetables. They had low intake of milk, dairy products, and water and high intake of salt. The closeness coefficient for the total population was 0.51, and the adherence of this population to dietary guidelines for the elderly was low. In both the crude model and the models adjusted for covariates, the closeness coefficient was not significantly associated with clinical indicators and health outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionsNo association was found between adherence to large sample-based dietary guidelines and clinical indicators or health outcomes in ethnic minority populations. The applicability of dietary guidelines to ethnic minority areas and whether they yield the expected health benefits require further study.

Influencing Factors of Willingness to Teach among Pre-service English Teachers in Minority Area in China

Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of willingness to teach among the pre-service English teachers (PETs) in a minority area of China. Methods To achieve this, seven PETs were interviewed, and through qualitative analysis of interview data, in-depth exploration of factors affecting the intention to teach was conducted. Results The results are as follows. Firstly, it was found that the career choice of these participants is the result of the influence of both internal and external factors. Secondly, among internal factors, self-perception is the most important factor which include personal interest and personal abilities, but career dedication is insufficient and needed to be cultivated. Also, sense of achievement was found as an influencing factor. Thirdly, among external factors, opinions of others often plays a very important role and profession restriction is sometimes an influential factor. In addition, other external factors are gender roles and job market. Conclusions Based on the data analysis, we get some enlightenment on how to strengthen the willingness to teach of PETs in minority areas.