Minority Areas Research Articles

POLA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS GURU MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN GURU DI WILAYAH MINORITAS MUSLIM THAILAND

In order to create quality of teacher, Thailand government requires the empowerment of teacher which is carried out regularly and continuously. However, Thailand consists of two parts with differences in religion, race, ethnicity, region and culture. They are Northern Thailand, known as the Kingdom of Thailand, and Southern Thailand with a majority Muslim population with a total of 80% from the three provinces of Southern Thailand, are Patani, Yala, and Narathiwat, which are known as Thailand minority. In developing and maintaining Islamic education in the region, teachers play a main role through Islamic learning. Thus, teacher empowerment becomes a crucial issue, because teachers are the main component that influence the learning process in order to achieve Islamic education. The aim of this research is to describe about the pattern of increasing teacher capacity through teacher empowerment in order to maintain Islamic education in Muslim minority areas of Thailand, as well as how teachers in Muslim minority areas are empowered by the Kingdom of Thailand. The method used for this research is a qualitative approach. This research located at the Islamic Phatna Witya School of Yala, Southern Thailand. The results of this research are that teacher empowerment at Phatna Witya School is carried out routinely through planning, implementing, and evaluation. In empowering teachers, Thai Kingdom does not discriminate between race, ethnicity, or religion. In fact, the Kingdom of Thailand upholds togetherness with the aim of improving the quality of education.

Research on Strengthening the Management of Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention Ability in Ethnic Areas of Southwest China

Purpose - Nowadays, forest and grassland fires are very serious in the world, and the area of forests and grasslands burned each year is close to one thousandth of the world’s existing forest and grassland area. The serious impact of fires on ecology not only affects the development of the world economy, but also seriously damages the human living environment.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - How to strengthen the construction of forest and grassland fire prevention capabilities has undoubtedly become an urgent problem that countries around the world need to solve.
 Findings - Wu Yingda et al. (2022) summarized their research and concluded that in 1988, China issued and implemented the “Forest Fire Prevention Regulations”. In 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “National Grassland Fire Emergency Plan”. In 2012, the General Office of the State Council issued the “National Forest Fire Emergency Plan”.
 Research Implications - Liu Yongbi (2001) believes that these factors have led to complex fire prevention work in the southwestern region, especially in ethnic minority areas, and difficulties in fire source management and prediction. Based on this, how to scientifically and effectively prevent and manage forest and grassland fires in southwestern ethnic minority areas, and find more practical and feasible forest and grassland fire prevention strategies is an important way for China to make breakthroughs in forest and grassland fire prevention work in southwestern ethnic areas, and even the entire southwestern region.

Pomegranate Blossoms, Building a Chinese Dream Together-based on the Investigation and Study of People's Happiness in Ethnic Minority Areas

Taking Guangxi as an example, this paper studies the influence of economic development and people's livelihood on people's happiness in minority areas. Through questionnaire survey and multiple linear regression analysis, it is found that the main factors restricting the development of minority areas in Guangxi are the lack of national technical investment and educational resources, while the advantages of development lie in the richness of natural resources and cultural uniqueness. Economic development has little influence on people's happiness index, while social security, spiritual culture, housing problems and other livelihood issues have great influence on people's happiness. In order to improve people's happiness in minority areas, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as actively seeking the participation and support of various forces, vigorously developing the economy, strengthening infrastructure construction, and supporting the development of national culture.

Analysis on the Significance and Path of Building "Tianfu Second Granary" in Anning River Basin

Food security is "the greatest of the country". Ensuring food security is an eternal subject, is the "three rural" work of the top priority, any time this string can not relax. In 2022, the People's Government of Sichuan Province issued the National Space Plan for the Anning River Basin (2022-2035), which for the first time provides a guiding, coordinated and strategic layout for the protection, development and utilization of national space in the Anning River Basin. It proposes to turn the Anning River Valley into "the second granaries of the Tianfu" and become a new model for common prosperity in ethnic minority areas. To form the "Second granary of Tianfu" with more optimized layout, more stable granaries, more beautiful ecology, more high-end industries, more complete functions and smoother traffic, and an important growth pole for high-quality development.

Exploring the Development of Highway Tourism in Ethnic Minority Areas within the Context of Cultural and Tourism Integration

Economic development in China's ethnic minority regions is vital for strengthening the collective national identity of the Chinese nation. As material living standards improve, there is an increased focus on cultural and spiritual needs, with highway tourism emerging as a current trend. This paper delves into the development of highway tourism in ethnic minority regions, examining routes such as the Tacheng, Duku, and Nenmo highway tours. It evaluates the existing state and distinctive features of these tours, identifies developmental challenges, and proposes strategies for optimizing spatial distribution, enhancing promotion of ethnic uniqueness, strategic route planning, and encouraging ethnic integration.

THE FORMING FACTORS OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION AND ISLAMIC HAPPINESS OF THE MUSLIM MINORITY IN TANA TORAJA

<div><div>This research aims to analyse the factors that form religious moderation, as well as those that form the happiness of Muslim minorities, and the correlation between religious moderation and Islamic happiness. This research is quantitative research with 100 respondents. The analysis technique used is the construct validity analysis technique, including convergent and discriminant validity. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to test the structural model. In the Convergent Output, the validity can be ascertained using specific test measures such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) or Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The research results show that 1) statistically, the factors that form religious moderation among Muslim minorities are non-violence, national commitment, tolerance, and cultural adaptation. 2) Assaadah, the meaning of life, feelings of happiness, and personal life satisfaction, could also be used to form Islamic happiness for minority Muslims in Tana Toraja. 3) There was a correlation between religious moderation and Muslim happiness in minority areas.</div></div><p class="07AbstrakInggris"> </p>

The Difficulty of Finding Halal Food for Muslim Minorities: Analysis of Maqashid Shariah

This article explores the challenges of Manado's Muslim minorities in finding halal food from the perspective of maqashid Sharia. As a Muslim minority area, food vendors and production in Manado dominate with non-Muslim and non-halal food vendors. It is difficult for minority Muslim communities to practice religious principles, especially eating halal food. The method used in this study is qualitative with normative juridical and empirical approaches. Data obtained through in-depth interviews with research informants from 29 Muslim communities were analyzed inductively. The results found that minority Muslim communities in Manado face significant challenges in finding halal food, given the dominance of non-halal food in their neighborhood. However, personal decisions to choose halal food reflect their loyalty to religious teachings (hifdz al-din), concern for personal health (hifdz al-nafs), and wise asset management (hifdz al-mal). There is clear evidence that the principles of maqashid Sharia are essential in guiding individual actions in facing the challenges of daily life. In this context, religious beliefs are the primary guide for Manado's Muslim community in living their lives and maintaining the integrity of Islamic values in their decisions regarding food.

Intrusive rumination and academic burnout among adolescents in ethnic minority areas of China during the COVID-19 pandemic: PTSS as mediator and cognitive reappraisal as moderator

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on public health, prompting scholarly research in related fields. In this context, the present study reveals the psychological characteristics of adolescents in ethnic minority areas of China approximately five months after the 2020 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, explores the relationship between intrusive rumination and academic burnout, and examines the role of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and cognitive reappraisal in the relationship to provide an empirical foundation for developing effective psychological interventions for adolescents in the wake of the pandemic.MethodsBased on cluster sampling, 941 middle school students (65.36% female, 74.71% senior high, Mage=15.95) in ethnic minority areas of China were surveyed using the Event Related Rumination Scale, Adolescent Academic Burnout Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, Emotion Regulation Strategy Scale, and a self-designed demographic questionnaire.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 7.44% of Chinese ethnic minority adolescents in our study sample were classified as PTSD positive, and 10.95% exhibited partial PTSD. Intrusive rumination significantly predicted academic burnout, and PTSS played a key mediating role between the two, accounting for 58.51% of the total effect. After controlling for PTSS, cognitive reappraisal moderated the effects of intrusive rumination on academic burnout. Specifically, the effect of intrusive rumination on academic burnout decreased with improvement in cognitive reappraisal.ConclusionsIntrusive rumination indirectly affected academic burnout in adolescents through PTSS as a crucial mediator, and the remnant direct effect was alleviated by cognitive reappraisal. This finding emphasises the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach that encompasses cognitive, emotional, and physiological symptoms to understand and address academic burnout among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supporting the development of ethnic groups with smaller populations: the policies and practices of the Chinese government

Development is a fundamental pursuit of human society. When it comes to national governance, there are issues of imbalanced and insufficient development that must be addressed. Since 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, the Chinese government has adopted a series of ethnic policies to resolve these development issues across ethnic minority areas. Since the late 1970s, Chinese scholars and the government have paid particular attention to the development issues of ethnic groups with smaller populations. This paper examines the relevant literature on this topic and divides China’s policies on this issue into three stages: (1) initial exploration, (2) targeted assistance, and (3) specialized planning. It discusses the Chinese government’s policy process and its experience empowering ethnic groups with smaller populations. The paper argues that the Chinese government’s support for ethnic groups with smaller populations is guided by valid ethnic theories and a comprehensive policy system. In the implementation of policies, the government recognizes “development” as the primary objective. It then formulates, implements, and evaluates policies based on the characteristics of the different ethnic groups with smaller populations. This approach effectively addressed the problems faced by these ethnic groups during different stages of their development and achieved the intended policy goals. Therefore, these policies are practical and sustainable. They are a valuable asset, and studying them could be beneficial to any unified multi-ethnic country that wants to tackle the development issues of their ethnic minorities.

Network diffusion model reveals recovery multipliers and heterogeneous spatial effects in post-disaster community recovery

Community recovery from hazards occurs through various diffusion processes within social and spatial networks of communities. Existing knowledge regarding the diffusion of recovery in community socio-spatial networks, however, is rather limited. To bridge this gap, we created a network diffusion model to characterize the unfolding of population activity recovery in spatial networks of communities. In particular, this study aims to answer the research question “To what extent can the diffusion model capture the spatial patterns of recovery?” Using population activity recovery data derived from location-based information associated with 2017 Hurricane Harvey in the Houston area, we parameterized the threshold-based network diffusion model using the genetic algorithm and then simulated the recovery diffusion process. The results show that the spatial effects of recovery are rather heterogeneous across different areas; some spatial areas demonstrate a greater spatial effect in their recovery. Also, the results show that low-income and minority areas are community recovery multipliers; with faster recovery in these areas corresponding to accelerated recovery for the entire community. Hence, prioritizing these areas in resource allocation during recovery has the potential to accelerate could expedite the recovery of the entire community’s recovery process while promoting recovery equality and equity.

The Role of Islamic Religious Counselors in Providing Religious Understanding of Ta'lim Councils in Minority Areas

Research Focus: (1) The role of PAI in providing religious understanding in Teluk Ambon District, Ambon City (2) PAI planning in providing religious understanding of the Taklim Assembly in Teluk Ambon District, Ambon City. This type of research uses Participatory Research with Qualitative Methods and a Case Study Approach. The results showed; (1) First, assisting and facilitating MT's operational letter. Second, provide solutions in dealing with religious problems in society. Third, provide information on the development of local potential with a lecture and recitation approach. Fourth, providing education based on religious materials needed in the community. (2) First, read and understand the material, and deliberate on determining expository and cooperative strategies. Second, it uses the interactive dialogue method and the lecture method. Third, evaluate strategies, methods, media, and materials. However, the evaluation of material achievements is only oral, and development in the form of Scientific Papers has never been carried out. (3) The existence of the Office of Religious Affairs as a forum for conducting deliberations in planning and evaluating the Islamic Extension Program. The inhibitors; are electronic media, distance, transportation, selection, and understanding of the material.

Impact of relocation in response to climate change on farmers’ livelihood capital in minority areas: a case study of Yunnan Province

PurposeThis study aims to construct an evaluation system for farmers’ livelihood capital in minority areas and evaluate the impact of relocation in response to climate change on farmers’ livelihood capital.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the characteristics of Yunnan minority areas, the livelihood capital of farmers in minority areas is divided into natural, physical, financial, social, human and cultural capital. The improved livelihood capital evaluation system measures farmers’ livelihood capital from 2015 to 2021. The net impact of relocation on farmers’ livelihood capital was separated using propensity score matching and the difference-in-difference (PSM-DID) method.FindingsThe shortage of livelihood capital makes it difficult for farmers to resist climate change, and the negative impacts of climate change further aggravate their livelihood vulnerability and reduce their livelihood capital. Relocation has dramatically increased the livelihood capital of farmers living in areas with poor natural conditions by 15.67% and has enhanced their ability to cope with climate change and realise sustainable livelihoods.Originality/valueAn improved livelihood capital evaluation system is constructed to realise the future localisation and development of livelihood capital research. The PSM-DID method was used to overcome endogeneity problems and sample selection bias of the policy evaluation methods. This study provides new ideas for academic research and policy formulation by integrating climate change, poverty governance and sustainable livelihoods.

Research on anti-poverty efforts in China’s ethnic minority areas since the 1970s

Poverty remains a significant global challenge, despite ongoing efforts throughout history to address it. China’s fight against poverty, as part of global poverty governance efforts, has yielded valuable insights and examples for anti-poverty strategies, propelling changes within the global poverty governance system. This paper conducts a review of post-1978 anti-poverty research covering China’s ethnic minority regions, roughly dividing the research history into three distinct phases: 1978–2012, 2013–2020, and post-2020. The research findings at each stage are summarized in terms of research topics, perspectives, and paradigms. Based on these findings, the paper provides a forward-looking outlook on future research into anti-poverty efforts in China’s ethnic minority regions.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Individual Investment in English Language Education for Ethnic Minorities in Yanbian

As a cross-discipline between linguistics and economics, the Economics of Language has been widely discussed by scholars both at home and abroad in recent years as economic globalization advances. Among them, English, as the most widely spoken language in the world, is involved in many economic activities of human beings. The location disadvantage of inland minority regions makes their average English education level low. Therefore, this study analyzes the costs and benefits of individual English education investment based on the Economics of Language and human capital investment theory, using questionnaire survey method and cost-benefit analysis method in economics, and taking English majors of Yanbian minority as the research object. The results of the study show that the benefits of personal investment in foreign language education of English majors in Yanbian minority areas outweigh the costs, and it is also an effective economic investment behavior. The results of this study can also provide an empirical basis for the formulation of policies on English education and economic development in ethnic minority regions. And to a certain extent, they can contribute to the economic development of ethnic minority regions, promote foreign communication and provide some help for regional language policies.

THE CONSPIRACY AND TRICKS OF HOSTILE FORCES TAKING ADVANTAGE OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS ISSUES TO DESTROY THE GREAT NATIONAL UNITY BLOC IN OUR COUNTRY TODAY

The conspiracy and tricks of hostile and reactionary forces take advantage of ethnic and religious issues to incite and entice believers and people to destabilize political security and social safety order, creating a pretext for intervention from the outside, in order to carry out a conspiracy against our country. In ethnic minority and mountainous areas, remote and extremely difficult areas, they often associate religious issues with ethnic issues to incite hatred and divide the great national unity bloc, set up organizations hiding in the shadow of religion to infiltrate, gather and entice all ethnic groups. These are the plots and revolutionary cause of our Party and people. These are conspiracy of hostile forces to destroy the revolutionary cause of our Party and people. Therefore, identifying a number of conspiracy and tricks of hostile forces taking advantage of ethnic and religious issues to oppose the Vietnamese revolution to be very important and urgent in the current situation.

Collaborative Promotion:A New Path for the Development of Dual-Innovation Education in Colleges and Universities in Ethnic Minority Area

In the context of the new era, talent is the first resource and innovation is the first driving force, and it is more and more important to emphasize the dual-creation education in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities are an important position for cultivating talents for regional social and economic development in ethnic areas, while dual-creative education is an important carrier for cultivating dual-creative talents in ethnic areas. However, for the backward colleges and universities in the western ethnic areas, they are characterized by distinctive ethnic characteristics, weak educational foundation and diverse student backgrounds. Therefore, universities in the western ethnic areas must adapt to local conditions, give full play to the effectiveness of dual-creation education in universities in ethnic areas in the west, and realize that education helps students generate dual-creation ability, so that dual-creation education can really become an important support point for strengthening the modernization construction of ethnic areas. As the main position for cultivating innovative talents in the region, colleges and universities in ethnic areas have carried out rich exploration and practice of dual-creation education. By analyzing the current situation of dual-creation education in colleges and universities in ethnic areas, it is found that there are the problems of incapacitation of dual-creation education faculty, superficiality of dual-creation education practice, fragmentation of dual-creation education resources, and emptying of the spirit of dual-creation education. In view of this, by analyzing the dual-creation education models and real cases of colleges and universities in ethnic areas, we put forward the cyclic dual-creation education model based on dual-creation competition “TPRS” and the five-level linkage dual-creation talent cultivation organization structure, in order to cultivate dual-creation talents as the basis, explore the new path of dual-creation education development in colleges and universities of ethnic areas and lead the high-quality development of dual-creation education in ethnic areas. It will explore a new path for the development of dual-creation education in universities in ethnic areas and lead the development of dual-creation education in ethnic areas.

Research on driving factors and mechanism of Minority Village tourism development in Guizhou Province, China1

The fundamental purpose of tourism destination development is to improve the quality of life of local residents. For the minority areas in Guizhou Province in China, tourism development can achieve good ecological, economic and social benefits. This research is aimed at to exploring the key driving factors which can improve the quality of local destinations. On the basis of literature analysis and to visit many villages, 8 variables are found, which are tourism resources, tourism location, tourism development environment, tourists’ preference, tourism stakeholders, tourism products, tourism innovation and the development tourism destination. 19 hypotheses are proposed and a theoretical models is established. Through the sequential mixed method of qualitative phase and quantitative phase and model test with SEM, it is found: 1) all factors have significant positive effects on the development of rural tourism destinations. 2) The primary factors driving the development of rural tourism destinations are CTR, TL and tourism innovation. 3) Most factors interact with each other to drive the development of minority tourism destinations. Finally, according to the research results, combined with the current situation of the development of rural tourism destinations, the study puts forward suggestions and prospects to promote the development of rural minority tourism destinations.

Model Komunikasi Da’i dalam Meningkatkan Pengamalan Agama Muallaf Daerah Minoritas Desa Muzoi Kecamatan Lahewa Timur Kabupaten Nias Utara

This research aims to determine the communication model in increasing the practice of the religion of converts in the minority area of North Nias Regency and to find out the obstacles in the process of increasing the practice of the religion of converts in the minority area of North Nias Regency. This type of research is field research. In this research, I used a qualitative method, namely descriptive, by looking for actual and detailed data and information in a non-statistical manner. In data collection techniques, researchers used observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the communication model applied to improve the religious experience of converts in minority areas such as North Nias Regency is based on the principles of inclusiveness, continuous education and interfaith collaboration. The following are the components of this communication model: Open and Inclusive Dialogue, Continuous Religious Education, Use of Understandable Language, Social Media as a Communication Tool, Collaborative Interfaith Programs, Continuous Evaluation and Adjustment and Mentoring and Personal Support. In an effort to strengthen the religious experience of converts to Islam, the district has implemented various important steps. One of the main initiatives taken was the establishment of the Muallaf Empowerment Institute. This institution acts as a platform that provides comprehensive support to converts to Islam, especially in terms of assistance, training and guidance in understanding and implementing the teachings of the Islamic religion.

Chemical profiling of principle active and toxic constituents in herbs containing aristolochic acids

ObjectiveTo clear the amounts of the principal active/toxic components in herbs containing aristolochic acids (HCAAs), which are still used as medicine and/or seasoning in many ethnic minority areas of China. MethodsIn this study, six major active and toxic components in HCAAs were extracted with ultrasonic extraction. With 6-O-methyl guanosine as internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced production ion scanning mode (MRM-IDA-EPI) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) function. ResultsThe method showed good linearity in the linear range of the six analytes. The limit range of detection was from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.27 ng/mL. All of the detection repeatability, extraction repeatability and accuracy of the method were good. After extraction, the samples remained stable at 15 °C within 24 h. Six analytes were all found in samples except aristolactam (AL) in sample 2, and the contents varied greatly. The contents of these compounds decreased in fruits, leaves and stems of Aristolochia delavayi successively. ConclusionThis method has the advantages of less sample dosage, simple operation, short analysis cycle, high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It laid a good foundation for guiding the safety of HCAAs, the in-depth study of pharmacological and toxicological effects and the scientific and standardized processing and compatibility of HCAAs.

Learning Role of Government Connotation and Characteristics of Rigid Governance of Minority Areas

Learning Role of Government Connotation and Characteristics of Rigid Governance of Minority Areas