Minor Poultry Species For Fattening Research Articles

Safety and efficacy of HOSTAZYM® X (endo-1,4-β-xylanase) as a feed additive for carps.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of HOSTAZYM ® X. The additive HOSTAZYM ® X is a preparation of endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase available in different liquid and solid formulations. This product is authorised as a feed additive for chickens for fattening, turkeys for fattening, laying hens, minor poultry species for fattening and laying, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. The FEEDAP Panel adopted two opinions on the safety and efficacy of the product as a feed additive for poultry and pigs, and another one for its use as a feed additive in chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species reared for laying. The applicant has now requested to extend the authorisation to carps (Cyprinus carpio). The FEEDAP Panel considered that the new use of the additive would not change the previous conclusions regarding the safety for the consumer, user and environment. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that there are no concerns for consumer safety and no risks for the environment are expected. Considering the safety for the user, it was concluded that the additive should be considered a potential skin and eye irritant, and a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser. The data in a tolerance trial performed with carps showed that the additive is safe for carp at 1,050 endo‐pentosanase units (EPU)/kg feed. The results in three efficacy trials showed that the additive has the potential to improve the performance of the carps at 1,050 EPU/kg feed.

Safety and efficacy of HOSTAZYM® X (endo-1,4-β-xylanase) as a feed additive for chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species reared for laying.

The additive HOSTAZYM ® X contains endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase and it is available in solid and liquid forms. This additive is authorised for use in piglets and pigs for fattening, chickens and turkeys for fattening, laying hens, minor poultry species for fattening and laying. The applicant has requested to extend the use of the additive to chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species reared for laying at a dose range of 1,500–3,000 EPU/kg feed. Safety aspects regarding the use of this additive in feed including the safety for the consumers, for the users and for the environment were previously assessed. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that there are no concerns for the consumer safety and no risks for the environment are expected, the additive should be considered a potential skin and eye irritant, and a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel is not aware of any new information that would lead it to reconsider the conclusions drawn previously. The FEEDAP Panel had previously evaluated a tolerance trial carried out with chickens for fattening where it was considered that the animals tolerated well the dose of 3,000 EPU/kg feed. In that assessment, the FEEDAP Panel also evaluated the efficacy of the product in chickens for fattening and concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious in chickens for fattening at the dose of 1,500 EPU/kg feed. The tolerance and efficacy data in chickens for fattening evaluated previously was considered relevant for the use in the new target category/species proposed by the applicant. Consequently, the conclusions on the safety and efficacy drawn for chickens for fattening were extended to chickens reared for laying and extrapolated to minor poultry species reared for laying.

Safety and efficacy of RONOZYME® WX (endo-1,4-beta-xylanase) as a feed additive for chickens and turkeys for fattening, minor poultry species for fattening, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening

The additive RONOZYME® WX is a preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase produced with a genetically modified strain of Aspergillus oryzae, currently authorised for poultry for fattening, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. The applicant has requested to change the production strain. The manufacturing process and the composition of the additive have not been modified and therefore the formulations of the additive remain as those previously reported. The new production strain derives from the same parental strain as the previous one and harbours the same xylanase gene, but the sequence of genetic modifications is different. The safety of the recipient strain was previously evaluated by EFSA. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) concluded that RONOZYME® WX, manufactured with the new production strain, does not give rise to safety concerns with regard to genetic modification. Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA was detected in the fermentation product used to formulate the additive. Based on tolerance and efficacy studies performed with the additive obtained with the previous production strain, the Panel concluded that the additive is safe for poultry for fattening at 200 FXU/kg feed and in weaned piglets and pigs for fattening at 400 FXU/kg feed and efficacious in poultry species for fattening at 100 FXU/kg feed and in weaned piglets and pigs for fattening at 200 FXU/kg. Based on toxicological studies performed with the fermentation product obtained with the new production strain, the Panel concluded that there is no reason for concern for consumer safety arising from the use of the product as a feed additive. The additive poses no risk to the environment. The additive is not a skin or an eye irritant but the Panel could not conclude on its skin sensitisation potential. Because of the proteinaceous nature of the active substance, the additive is considered a potential respiratory sensitiser.

Safety and efficacy of ROVABIO® SPIKY (endo‐1,4‐beta‐xylanase and endo‐1,3(4)‐beta‐glucanase) as a feed additive for all major and minor poultry species

ROVABIO® SPIKY is a preparation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase and endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase that is authorised as a feed additive for chickens and turkeys for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys reared for breeding, minor poultry species for fattening and reared for laying. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) issued two opinions on this additive. Safety aspects regarding the use of this additive in feed have been previously established. The Panel concluded that the additive is safe for the consumers and the environment and that the additive is not irritant to the skin or eyes but should be considered a potential skin sensitiser and potentially harmful if inhaled. The Panel considered that these conclusions are still valid for the current application. The current application covered the use of the additive in all poultry species at the dose of 1,100 U xylanase and 760 U glucanase per kg feed. In previous assessments, the Panel concluded that the additive is safe and efficacious under the proposed conditions of use in chickens and turkeys for fattening or raised for laying/breeding and to minor poultry species for fattening or raised for laying/breeding. In order to support the safety for laying animals, the applicant provided a tolerance trial in laying hens from which the Panel concluded that the additive is safe for laying hens at the recommended dose. The safety established in laying hens is considered to apply also to breeding hens and can be extrapolated to minor poultry species for laying. Regarding the efficacy the additive increased the metabolisable energy content of the diets in one trial and the performance of the laying hens in two trials at the recommended dose. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious in laying hens. This conclusion applies also to breeding hens and can be extrapolated to include all minor poultry species for laying.

Safety and efficacy of Enviva® PRO 202 GT (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PTA‐6507, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B‐50013 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B‐50104) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species for fattening and to point of lay

The additive Enviva® PRO 202 GT is a preparation containing viable spores of three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The additive is intended for use in feed for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species for fattening and to point of lay at a minimum dose of 30 mg/kg feed, which corresponds to 7.5 × 107 CFU/kg complete feedingstuffs. B. amyloliquefaciens is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to establishing safety. As the identity of the active agents was established and the lack of toxigenic potential and of resistance to antibiotics of human or veterinary clinical significance demonstrated, the additive is presumed safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. Enviva® PRO 202 GT is non-irritant to skin and eyes and is not a dermal sensitiser. Given the proteinaceous nature of the additive, there is a potential for respiratory sensitisation, although the risk is low due the low dusting potential. Data from three trials provide evidence that the inclusion of Enviva® PRO 202 GT at the recommended dose has the potential to improve the performance of chickens for fattening. This conclusion extends to the additive when used with chickens reared for laying and is extrapolated to minor avian species for fattening and to point of lay when used at the same dose. The three active agents are compatible with narasin/nicarbazin, maduramicin ammonium, lasalocid A sodium, salinomycin sodium, monensin sodium, diclazuril, robenidine hydrochloride, decoquinate and semduramycin sodium and nicarbazin.

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Axtra® PHY 15 000 L (6‐phytase) as a feed additive for poultry and porcine species

The additive Axtra® PHY 15 000 L is a liquid preparation of 6-phytase produced by a genetically modified strain of Trichoderma reesei. This product is intended for use as a zootechnical additive, functional group of digestibility enhancers, in feed for poultry and porcine species. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed concluded that Axtra® PHY 15 000 L does not give rise to safety concerns with regard to the genetic modification of the production strain. Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA was detected in the additive. The Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens and turkeys for fattening, laying hens, weaned piglets and sows at the maximum recommended dose (2 000 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed) and considered that this conclusion can be extended to other poultry categories/species and porcine categories/species at the same maximum dose. The Panel concluded that the use of Axtra® PHY 15 000 L as a feed additive gives rise to no concerns for consumers. This additive is not considered a dermal sensitiser but should be considered an irritant. Owing to the proteinaceous nature of its active substance, the additive is considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. The Panel concluded that the use of Axtra®PHY 15 000 L as a feed additive poses no risks to the environment. The efficacy studies submitted showed that the phytase present in Axtra®PHY 15 000 L is efficacious in chickens and turkeys for fattening, laying hens, piglets, pigs for fattening and sows at the dose of 250 FTU/kg feed. This conclusion can be extended to chickens reared for laying, turkeys reared for breeding, and to turkeys for breeding purposes, and extrapolated to minor poultry species for fattening and minor porcine species, at the same dose.

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of CRINA® Poultry Plus (benzoic acid, thymol, eugenol and piperine) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor poultry species for fattening and reared for laying

Crina® Poultry Plus is a preparation of benzoic acid, thymol, eugenol, piperine, benzyl salicylate, isoamyl salicylate and trans-anethole. In a previous opinion, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of the additive for chickens for fattening, the consumer or the environment, or on its efficacy. Based on the results from a new tolerance study, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that Crina® Poultry Plus is safe for chickens for fattening at the maximum recommended dose (300 mg/kg). This conclusion can be extended to chickens reared for laying and extrapolated to minor species for fattening/reared for laying with the same maximum dose. New data on the metabolism of eugenol and on residues of eugenol and piperine indicated that exposure of consumers to residues of these substances when consuming edible tissues from chickens for fattening receiving the additive would not be expected. Therefore, the use of Crina® Poultry Plus in chickens for fattening and minor poultry species for fattening is of no concern for consumers. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of Crina® Poultry Plus in chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying and minor species for fattening/reared for laying is of no concern for the environment. Three out of ten studies showed some beneficial effect on zootechnical parameters of Crina® Poultry Plus at a dose of 300 mg/kg complete feed. The Panel concluded that the additive has some potential to be efficacious in chickens for fattening at a dose of 300 mg/kg complete feed. This conclusion can be extended to chickens reared for laying and extrapolated to include the minor poultry species for fattening and reared for laying at the same dose.

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Cylactin® (Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, minor poultry species for fattening and minor poultry species reared for laying

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Cylactin® (Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, minor poultry species for fattening and minor poultry species reared for laying