Minor Mental Disorders Research Articles

주취살인에 대한 법원의 양형 동향 분석

The purpose of this study is to derive implications after analyzing trends related to the courts’ decision on mental disorder defense and the consideration of intoxication in sentencing in homicide under intoxication cases. In order to achieve this goal, the first trial judgments sentenced over the past two years in Korea were collected as subjects of analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in the case of homicide under intoxication, the attack on acquaintances, the manslaughter, and the use of weapons were found to be far more common than the attack on strangers, the murder, and the non-use of weapons. In addition, there were many cases of unmotivated murder while intoxicated. Second, except for one case, the rest of the mental disorder defenses were rejected, and one case in which a minor mental disorder was accepted was not commuted. The main reasons for rejection were prediction and preparation of crime in advance, a clear mental state at the time of the crime, an attempt to conceal evidences, and the memory of the circumstances of the crime. Third, in most cases that reflected the defendants’ intoxication as the sentencing factors, intoxication was considered in favor of sentencing. Furthermore, courts suspended prison sentence in more than half of these cases. This trial practice does not meet the purpose of the sentencing committee’s sentencing criteria, which recommends that alcoholic intoxication should not be reflected as a sentencing factor.

Impact of students assistance policies on quality of life and mental health.

Student assistance policies in higher education, in their various modalities, seek to reduce the dropout of a new profile of students, non-traditional, with socioeconomic weaknesses, promoting quality of life (QoL) and mental health during the university journey. In this context, the Student Social Support Center (C.A.S.A) promotes assistance to students who need personal and/or economic support. To evaluate the QoL and the presence of minor mental disorders (MMD) in students from the 1st to the 4th year of medicine at a public college in Brazil, comparing C.A.S.A beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Cross-sectional study with 283 students. SRQ-20 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were used, in addition to a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. The general average of QoL was regular in the four evaluated domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, environment) and 55.5% of the students have evidence of MMD, in which the QoL scores are lower in all domains. The environment domain, which discusses socioeconomic conditions, has the worst score among C.A.S.A beneficiaries and the best among C.A.S.A non-beneficiaries. The data corroborate the fragile situation of mental health and QoL of medical students. The student assistance modality of the analyzed program possibly presents vulnerabilities in its performance since the environment domain, the one with the lowest score among the program beneficiaries, precisely encompasses financial resources, access to goods and leisure and the individual's physical environment.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of academics in the health area

Higher education has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic with changes to online learning, work policies and social distancing. Assessing quality of life (QoL), minor mental disorders (MMD) and resilience (R) among academics in the health area and comparing the first and second years of the pandemic was the objective. Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out among students in the health areas, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 and 2021. Four self-administered instruments: Questionnaire of Sociodemographic and Professional Variables, Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (The World Health Organization Quality of Life – WHOQOL-Bref), Screening Tool for Minor Mental Disorders (Self-Report Questionnaire – SRQ-20) and Wagnild & Young Resilience Scale. The survey was conducted through an online questionnaire (GoogleForms). 355 university students participated in the study (2021, n=159, and 2022, n=196). Increase in the global prevalence of MMD in the year 2021 when compared to the year 2020 (p< 0.05). QoL averages in all domains, except psychological, were higher in the first year of the pandemic. There was no difference in resilience between the years studied. As a result, negative changes were identified in the mental and emotional health and quality of life of most academics in the second year of the pandemic.

Burnout syndrome and minor mental disorders in public employees.

The context of transformations the society has been going through, especially considering economic, political, and technological issues, has added strains to modern work relations. This study aimed to assess the existence and levels of burnout and the prevalence of minor mental disorders in a sample of public administrative employees of the Social Security Agency of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that used the following research instruments: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire developed specifically for this study. The results showed a prevalence of 23.7% (n = 9) of suspected cases of minor mental disorders and extremely increased levels (91.4%) of one of the dimensions of burnout: reduced professional efficacy. Employees with suspected minor mental disorders presented higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of personal accomplishment. In addition to the reported evidence, we expect our findings to contribute to the development of strategies of preventive intervention and health promotion in this occupational sector.

Relationships among burnout, job dissatisfaction, psychosocial work conditions and minor mental disorders of precarious employment in Taiwan

Background: Precarious employment is a major determinant of mental health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic and development of digital economic platforms have enhanced the ratio of precarious employment relationship. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among burnout, job dissatisfaction, psychosocial work conditions and minor mental disorders of precarious employment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the questionnaire from a national survey of employees in 2013. Minor mental disorder was measured using the five-item brief symptom rating scale (BSRS-5). 1909 males and 1499 females, with a total of 3408 non-standard employees aged 20 to 65, including short-term and temporary precarious employment, have been analyzed. Also obtained were participants’ sex, age, type of industry, status of shift work, job dissatisfaction, burnout as well as psychosocial work conditions. Results: The prevalence of minor mental disorders among precarious work condition in man and women were 16.08% and 19.35%, respectively. When we adjusted age and status of shift work, associations between minor mental disorders and female, job dissatisfaction, increased scores in burnout, and high psychological demand of work was noticed. When we further categorized by sex, it was found that job dissatisfaction and increased scores in burnout were significantly related with an increased risk for minor mental disorders in both male and female workers. The odds of minor mental disorders was significantly related with an increased scores in psychological demand of work among female precarious workers. Conclusions: This research study provides directions for future researches.

Mental disorders as an indication for surgical treatment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy.

This study recruited 82 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE): 41 men and 41 women, who underwent an open epilepsy surgery to remove the epileptic focus from 1963 to 1970. The patients before surgery were divided into two groups: group I included 49 patients with minor mental disorders and group II included 33 patients with major mental disorders. Features of mental disorders in patients with monotemporal lobe epilepsy were identified. The significance of mental disorders for topical diagnosis of the epileptic focus has been emphasized. The course of mental disorders in patients with TLE after open surgery for epileptic focus removal was carefully monitored. The role of mental disorders as an indication for surgical treatment of TLE has been shown. The patients were followed up for 14±6years.

Factors associated with the quality of life of multi-professional health residentes.

to analyze factors associated with the quality of life of multi-professional health residents. cross-sectional and analytical design, carried out with 94 residents who answered a questionnaire containing general data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Self Reporting Questionnaire, and the World Health Quality of Life. Data was submitted to multiple linear regression, considering p < 0.05. minor mental disorders increased, respectively, by 0.31, 0.64 and 0.35 in the Physical, Psychological and General domains of quality of life. Emotional exhaustion had an inverse influence of 0.28 on the Physical and Environment domains. Satisfaction with residence increased the overall quality of life outcome by 0.20; Living alone, at 0.02 the Psychological domain; and Race/color, at 0.19 the Environment domain. there is a relationship between emotional exhaustion of the burnout, minor psychic disorders and the quality of life of multi-professional residents.

Screening of minor psychiatric disorders and burnout among a sample of medical students in St. Petersburg, Russia: a descriptive study

BackgroundDespite the general interest of researchers around the world, there are few studies on the psychological wellbeing and burnout among medical students in Russia. The aim of this study was to perform screening for minor psychiatric disorders, burnout, problematic alcohol use, and quantify the psychological issues and stress among a sample of medical students in St. Petersburg, Russia.ResultsAccording to the GHQ-12, screening for minor mental disorders was positive in 140 students (85%). Screening for burnout using the OLBI showed positive results in 121 (73%) students for disengagement and 132 (80%) students for exhaustion. Screening with the CAGE tool identified a risk of alcohol consumption in 33 students (20%). Most students reported academic studies as the main source of stress in their life (n = 147; 89.1%).ConclusionsThis study identified very high levels of stress, burnout, risk of minor mental disorders, and problematic alcohol use among medical students in St. Petersburg, Russia. These findings suggest more attention is needed to the poor mental wellbeing and health in medical students in Russia.

Mental Health in the Era of the Second Wave of SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on an Online Survey among Online Respondents in Poland.

The main objective of this study was to assess mental health during the COVID-19 second wave. The study was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire that had been provided via the Internet to online respondents in Poland. The questionnaire questions included a socio-geographic assessment, proprietary questions assessing the respondents’ current approach to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a standardised psychometric tool—GHQ-28. The study involved 2155 respondents, 99.8% of whom gave their consent for the participation in the study. A mean GHQ score was 29.25 ± 14.94 points. The criterion for minor mental disorders (≥24 points) was met by 1272 (59.2%) respondents. In overall interpretation as well as in each of GHQ-28 subscales, women obtained significantly higher scores than men (p < 0.001). The restriction on earning opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly associated with the feeling of anxiety/insomnia severity among the respondents (9.96 vs. 8.82 points; p < 0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic, although it has already been experienced for nearly a year, has had a significant association with the general mental health of the respondents in Poland. There is a strong need to implement special programs that offer psychological support in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for those who had direct experience with COVID-19 infection.

Predictors of Threat from COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Spanish Population.

One of the first measures for fighting the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is social isolation or quarantine. The perceived threat from COVID-19 in this situation, maintained over time, generates uncertainty and fears, etc., which could lead to mental disorders in the population. This study evaluated the perceived threat from COVID-19 in the Spanish population. The study design was cross-sectional and observational. The sample of 1014 participants recruited in Spain had a mean age of 40.87 (SD = 12.42). The gender distribution was 67.2% (n = 681) women and 32.8% (n = 333) men. Data were collected with an online survey. The instrument used was the Perception of Threat from COVID-19 Questionnaire, validated for the Spanish population. Our data showed a clear correlation between perceived threat with female gender, having children in one’s care and level of education. However, no association was observed with age or marital status. Finally, we concluded that there is a greater perception of threat from COVID-19 by women with a lower education who have children in their care, and that they are also more sensitive to minor mental disorders, such as anxiety or stress, appearing.

Evaluating Students from a Public School: Mental Health Promotion and Prevention in High School

The aim of the current study is to investigate emotional and mental health changes causing psychiatric distress enough to affect the learning process of high school students. Students from three school years of a federal public school in Santa Maria County-RS-Brazil participated in the study. Ninety-four (94) out of 115 students answered the Self Report Questionnaire-SRQ-20, which is a World Health Organization (WHO) tool used worldwide in primary care level in order to identify Minor Mental or Psychiatric Disorders (MMD/MPD). The total of 32.98% of the participants recorded sufficient scores in psychological suffering. It is worth encouraging educators’ knowledge about mental health, as well as their continuous training through Educational Modules for emotional Promotion, Prevention and Learning, which are contextualized in the science-teaching content, as well as improving students’ information level on the subject. School is the strategically privileged territory for these actions, since it is the place where children and adolescents spend most of their time. Thus, it enables acquiring knowledge and empowering mental health promotion skills.

Establishment of differential model of recovery treatment for children with minor brain injury and mental disorder syndrome.

The paper established a differential equation model for 194 children with ADHD in outpatient clinics from September 2019 to August 2020 and compiled a children's clinical diagnostic interview scale based on the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ). The CDIS standard divides it into three phenotypes: attention deficit predominant (ADHD-I), hyperactivity-impulsive predominance (ADHD-HI) and mixed (ADHD-C). The results of the study showed that the distribution of subtypes in the study cases: ADHD-I accounted for 45.9% (89 cases), ADHD-HI accounted for 7.7% (15 cases), ADHD-C accounted for 46.4% (90 cases); ADHD-C: ADHD-I is 1:1. CDIS scale total score: 194 cases of attention deficit symptoms were (7.2 ± 1.4) points, and hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms were (5.4 ± 2.2) points. The frequency of attention deficit symptoms in 194 cases was (79.5 ± 2.9) %, and the frequency of hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms was (59.8 ± 3.5) %. Therefore, it can be concluded that DSM-IV defines three phenotypes in this sample. The proportion of ADHD-HI is low, and the proportion of ADHD-I and ADHD-C is similar; age influences the phenotype distribution.

Minor mental disorders among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated factors

Abstract Although it is recognized that mental disorders are more likely to occur in adulthood, especially in university period, and result in damage to health and incapacity for work, researches with university population are scarce in Brazil. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Minor Mental Disorders (MMD) among undergraduate students of a public university of São Paulo state, and investigate its association with social and economic conditions, sexuality and gender. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 with 376 undergraduate students who were halfway through the course. Data were collected from an anonymously and self-administered questionnaire, and MMD was evaluated from Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Associations were estimated through logistic regression, and odds ration calculated. We found prevalence of 53.9% of MMD among the students, and associated with gender (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.37-5.67), being LGBT + (e.g Bisexuals OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.56-5.50), not receiving necessary family support (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.00 - 15.68), not being satisfied with the course (OR, 23.69 95% CI, 2.95 - 190,03) and not practicing physical activities regularly (OR, 2.05; 95% IC, 1.33 - 3.17). Minor mental disorders prevalence found was high, reaching more than 70% in some courses (e.g 77.8% among Biomedicine students), mainly associated with gender, sexual orientation and emotional support. Our study draws attention to the urgency of monitoring the mental health status of undergraduate students, and implementing mental health centers at universities, as well as facilitating access and improve existing centers. Key messages The high prevalence of minor mental disorders found among undergraduate students indicates the urgent need for interventions in this populations. Women and LGBT+ students are groups at higher risk for the development of minor mental disorders at university. Strategies must be created to reduce the higher prevalence in this populations.

Work-to-Family Conflict and its Associations With Workers' Burnout, Poor Self-Rated Health, and Minor Mental Disorder: A Survey of General Employees in Taiwan.

To examine the distribution of work-to-family conflict (W-FC) across socio-demographic groups and a wide spectrum of occupations, and its associations with workers' burnout, self-rated health, and mental health status by sex. A cross-sectional household survey of representative employees was conducted in 2013. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect information. W-FC was high in employees aged 35 to 44 years old and in certain occupational groups. Long working hours, rotating work shift, high work demands, high job control, low workplace justice, and family care burden were risk factors for W-FC, and high W-FC score was significantly associated with burnout, poor self-rated health, and minor mental disorder. To improve workers' health, it is essential to identify high risk groups and adopt measures to reduce conflicts between work and family life.

How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients

Background: Informal caregivers of palliative patients show higher levels of depression and distress compared with the general population. Fegg’s (2013) existential behavioural therapy was shortened to two individual 1-h sessions (short-term existential behavioural therapy). Aim: Testing the effectiveness of sEBT on psychological symptoms of informal caregivers in comparison with active control. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting/participants: Informal caregivers of palliative in-patients. Methods: The primary outcome was depression; secondary outcomes were anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. General linear mixed models allow several measurements per participant and change over time. Reasons for declining the intervention were investigated by Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model. Results: Overall inclusion rate was 41.0%. Data of 157 caregivers were available (63.1% females; mean age: 54.6 years, standard deviation (SD): 14.1); 127 participants were included in the main analysis. Participation in sEBT or active control was not significantly associated with post-treatment depression. Outcomes showed prevailingly significant association with time of investigation. Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. Conclusion: Inclusion rate was tripled compared with a previously evaluated longer EBT group intervention. By shortening the intervention, inclusion rate was traded for effectiveness and the intervention could not impact caregivers’ psychological state. Early integration of sEBT and combination of individual and group setting and further study of the optimal length for caregiver interventions are suggested.

Le récit à la deuxième personne dans l’écriture du malaise. Analyse comparative d’Un homme qui dort de Georges Perec et de L’Inconsolable d’Anne Godard (Ire partie)

The secondperson narration in the writing of malaise. The comparative analysis of A Man Asleep by Georges Perec and L’Inconsolable by Anne Godard (Part One) The history of mankind is the history of malaise. Melancholy, discomfort, anxiety or grief are just a few names and examples of this phenomenon. The heroes created by Georges Perec and Anne Godard experience the deep malaise of depression and grief disorder. However, this is not the only common feature of the characters – they are both described by the pronoun “you”. Due to its properties, the second‐person narration seems to be an effective tool of description of minor and major mental disorders. It helps to situate the heroes between life and death, and it is naturally associated with the concept of the Other, who plays a significant role in creation of a suffering Human being.

Prevalence of overreporting on symptom validity tests in a large sample of psychosomatic rehabilitation inpatients

Objective: Noncredible symptom claims, regularly expected in forensic contexts, may also occur in clinical and rehabilitation referral contexts. Hidden motives and secondary gain expectations may play a significant role in clinical patients. We studied the prevalence of noncredible symptom report in patients treated for minor mental disorders in an inpatient setting.Method: Five hundred and thirty seven clinical inpatients of a psychosomatic rehabilitation center were studied (mean age: 50.2 years; native speakers of German). They were referred for treatment of depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, adjustment disorder, and neurasthenia. Results of two symptom validity tests (Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, SIMS; Self-Report Symptom Inventory, SRSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II) were analyzed.Results: At screening level, 34.5% and 29.8% of the patients were found to presumably overreport symptoms on the SIMS and SRSI, respectively. At the standard cut score of the SRSI (maximum false positive rate: 5%), the proportion of diagnosed overreporting was 18.8%. SIMS and SRSI pseudosymptom endorsement correlated at .73. Highly elevated depressive symptom claims with BDI–II scores above 40, found in 9.3% of the patients, were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement. Moreover, extended times of sick leave and higher expectations of disability pension were associated with elevated pseudosymptom endorsement.Conclusions: The prevalence of symptom overreporting in some clinical patient groups is a serious, yet underinvestigated problem. The current estimates yielded a high prevalence of distorted, noncredible symptom claims in psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. The challenges arising to health professionals working in such settings are immense and need more consideration.

Association between minor mental disorders and household feeding insecurity among mothers of children less than one-year-old

Household food insecurity (HFI) is related to health and nutritional problems, however there are few extant studies that relate it to mental health. The scope of this article is to associate HFI with the risk of minor mental disorders (MMD) in mothers with one-year-old children. A prospective cohort was conducted with 194 mothers and their babies from birth onwards. HFI was measured fourth months after birth using the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity scale and MMD risk amongst mothers was measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) when their baby was one year old. Socio-economic and health status were used for control. HFI was present in 59.3% of the families. The MMD risk ratio was 1.59 (CI 95%: 1.10 - 2.31) in HFI families compared with secure families. This relationship remains significant in the multiple logistic model, OR= 2.20 (CI 95%: 1.16 - 4.20), after controlling by socio-economic and health variables. HFI is an independent risk factor to maternal risk of MMD. It should be important to include strategies to reduce HFI by promoting maternal mental health and improving child-mother quality of life.

Study of the Santal-Psychiatric Patients and their Belief Towards Mental Illness

This study aims at finding the presence of psychiatric illness of the santals, an ethnic minorities of the northern part of Bangladesh and their belief towards mental illness. Among the 77 patients, 39 (50.64%) were male and 38 (49.35%) were female. The majority of the respondents were in between the age of 16-35 years. Most (80%) believed that possession by Bonga/Kali caused the illness. In the present study, 45 (59.74%) had major mental disorder, 18 (23.37%) had minor mental disorders and 13 (16.88%) had psychotic disorder due to general medical condition (viz. Epilepsy). Observations suggest that change of awareness and perception regarding mental disorder, should be a high priority, as right mental health is one of the key component of total delivery of health care.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 76-81

Perfil Valorativo e Saúde Geral de Homens Usuários da Atenção Básica

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer o perfil valorativo, bem como a saúde mental geral de homens atendidos pelos serviços de atenção primária de uma cidade litorânea do Piauí. Para isso contou-se com uma amostra não probabilística de 153 participantes, em sua maioria solteiros (70,9%), com idades entre 20 e 58 anos (M = 27; DP = 9,1), que utilizam os serviços das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) desta cidade. Os participantes responderam ao Questionário de Valores Básicos (QVB-18) e o Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12). Os resultados identificaram os valores sobrevivência (M = 6,33), maturidade (M = 6,33), religiosidade (M = 5,98); e a subfunção existência (M = 6,04) como os mais priorizados pelos usuários. Encontrou-se também uma relação negativa (p &lt; 0,05) entre saúde geral e as subfunções valorativas existência (- 0,17) e normativa (- 0,27). Não foram encontrados casos de incidência de distúrbios mentais leves. Espera-se que estes achados possam ser usados na elaboração de estratégias que levem a uma maior aderência da população masculina ao cuidado com a própria saúde e para o desenvolvimento de campanhas específicas para esta população, considerando suas peculiaridades e o contexto social.