Minkowski 3-space Research Articles

Spacelike Circular Surfaces in Minkowski 3-Space

The approach of the paper is on spacelike circular surfaces in the Minkowski 3-space. A spacelike circular surface is a one-parameter family of Lorentzian circles with a fixed radius regarding a non-null curve, which acts as the spine curve, and it has symmetrical properties. In the study, we have parametrized spacelike circular surfaces and have provided their geometric and singularity properties such as Gaussian and mean curvatures, comparing them with those of ruled surfaces and the classification of singularities. Furthermore, the conditions for spacelike roller coaster surfaces to be flat or minimal surfaces are obtained. Meanwhile, we support the results of the approach with some examples.

On simultaneous characterizations of partner-ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space

<abstract><p>In this study, the partner-ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space, which are defined according to the Frenet vectors of non-null space curves, are introduced with extra conditions that guarantee the existence of definite surface normals. First, the requirements of each pair of partner-ruled surfaces to be simultaneously developable and minimal (or maximal for spacelike surfaces) are investigated. The surfaces also simultaneously characterize the asymptotic, geodesic and curvature lines of the parameter curves of these surfaces. Finally, the study provides examples of timelike and spacelike partner-ruled surfaces and includes their graphs.</p></abstract>

Family of ruled surfaces generated by equiform Bishop spherical image in Minkowski 3-space

<abstract><p>The study of a family of equiform Bishop spherical image ruled surfaces created by some specific curves such as spherical image in Minkowski 3-space using equiform Bishop frame of that curve is presented in this paper. We also offer the necessary criteria for these surfaces to be equiform Bishop developable and equiform Bishop minimum in relation to equiform Bishop curvatures, as well as when the curve is enclosed in a plane. Finally, we provide an example, such as these surfaces.</p></abstract>

Special non-lightlike ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space

<abstract><p>In this paper, we give the existence and uniqueness theorems for non-lightlike framed surfaces and define a special non-lightlike ruled surface in Minkowski 3-space. It may have singularities. We give the conditions for identifying cross-caps and surfaces as developable and maximal. Besides, we demonstrate that if the spacelike ruled surface is developable, then the $ z $-parameter curve is an asymptotic curve if and only if the ruled surface is maximal.</p></abstract>

A new method for designing involute trajectory timelike ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space

In this study, we present the new concept of involute trajectory ruled surface in Minkowski 3-space. The involute trajectory timelike ruled surface is a surface generated by the motion of a timelike oriented line X along the spacelike involute curve γ(s) of a given timelike base curve r(s). The main purpose of this article is to present a new perspective on the generation of developable trajectory ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. These surfaces are formed depending on the angle θ between the Darboux vector D and the binormal vector b of the evolute curve r(s). Also, some new results and theorems related to the developability of the involute trajectory timelike ruled surfaces are obtained. Finally, we illustrate these surfaces by presenting one example.

Mannheim curves and their partner curves in Minkowski 3-space E 1 3

Abstract The modified orthogonal frame is an important tool to study analytic space curves whose curvatures have discrete zero points. In this article, by using the modified orthogonal frame, Mannheim curves and their partner curves are investigated in Minkowski 3-space. Some characterizations according to the curvatures and torsions of the curves are given. Finally, some relations under the conditions for Mannheim curves and their partner curves to be generalized helices are presented. All the possible cases for the partner curves to be spacelike and timelike are considered in the whole of the article.

Bour’s Theorem of Spacelike Surfaces in Minkowski 4-Space

In this paper, we study on three kinds of spacelike helicoidal surfaces in Minkowski 4-space. First, we give an isometry between such helicoidal surfaces and rotational surfaces which is a kind of generalization of Bour’s theorem in Minkowski 3-space to Minkowski 4-space. Then, we show that if the isometric pair of surfaces have same Gauss map, then they are hyperplanar and minimal. Also, we give the parametrizations of isometric pair of surfaces having same Gauss map. Finally, we present some examples via Wolfram Mathematica 10.4.

Pseudo null growth model and its classifications based on generalized vortex filament equation

The pseudo null growth model in Minkowski 3-space is shaped by evolving a pseudo null curve as denoted direction, growth velocity, and stretch in this paper. Meanwhile, the idea of the generalized Hasimoto surfaces is proposed based on the vortex filament equation. The conditions and geometric structures of the generalized Hasimoto pseudo null growth surfaces are investigated accompanied by some typical examples.

Singularities of Osculating Developable Surfaces of Timelike Surfaces along Curves

In this paper, we focus on a developable surface tangent to a timelike surface along a curve in Minkowski 3-space, which is called the osculating developable surface of the timelike surface along the curve. The ruling of the osculating developable surface is parallel to the osculating Darboux vector field. The main goal of this paper is to classify the singularities of the osculating developable surface. To this end, two new invariants of curves are defined to characterize these singularities. Meanwhile, we also research the singular properties of osculating developable surfaces near their lightlike points. Moreover, we give a relation between osculating Darboux vector fields and normal vector fields of timelike surfaces along curves from the viewpoint of Legendrian dualities. Finally, some examples with symmetrical structures are presented to illustrate the main results.

Mappings that transform helices from Euclidean space to Minkowski space

In this study, we introduce mappings that transform helices in Euclidean $ n $-space to non-null helices in Minkowski $ n $-space or Minkowski $ (n+1) $-space. Furthermore, we show that these mappings preserve the axes of the helices, and we also obtain the invariants of the mappings. Especially, by using these mappings, we give some examples of non-null helices which are constructed in Minkowski 3-space or Minkowski 4-space from some helices in Euclidean 3-space.

NEW CHARACTERIZATIONS FOR SPHERICAL INDICATRICES OF INVOLUTES OF A SPACELIKE CURVE WITH A TIMELIKE BINORMAL IN MINKOWSKI 3-SPACE

In this paper, we study the spherical indicatrices of involutes of a spacelike curve with spacelike binormal. Then we give some important relationships between arc lengths and geodesic curvatures of the spherical indicatrices of involute-evolute curve couple in Minkowski 3-space. Also, we give some important results about curve couple.

Singularity Properties of Timelike Sweeping Surface in Minkowski 3-Space

In this paper, we give the parametric equation of the Bishop frame for a timelike sweeping surface with a unit speed timelike curve in Minkowski 3-space. We introduce a new geometric invariant to explain the geometric properties and local singularities of this timelike surface. We derive the sufficient and necessary conditions for this timelike surface to be a timelike developable ruled surface. Afterwards, we take advantage of singularity theory to give the classification of singularities of this timelike developable surface. Furthermore, we give some representative examples to show the applications of the theoretical results.

Timelike Circular Surfaces and Singularities in Minkowski 3-Space

The present paper is focused on time-like circular surfaces and singularities in Minkowski 3-space. The timelike circular surface with a constant radius could be swept out by moving a Lorentzian circle with its center while following a non-lightlike curve called the spine curve. In the present study, we have parameterized timelike circular surfaces and examined their geometric properties, such as singularities and striction curves, corresponding with those of ruled surfaces. After that, a different kind of timelike circular surface was determined and named the timelike roller coaster surface. Meanwhile, we support the results of this work with some examples.

The natural lift curve of the spherical indicatrix of a non-null curve according to Bishop frame in Minkowski 3-Space

In this study, we dealt with the natural lift curves of the spherical indicatrices of a non-null curve according to Bishop frame. Furthermore, some interesting results about the original curve were obtained depending on the assumption that the natural lift curves should be the integral curve of the geodesic spray on the tangent bundle T(S12) and T(H02).

On the multiplicity of umbilic points

We introduce an invariant of umbilic points on surfaces in the Euclidean or Minkowski 3-space that counts the maximum number of stable umbilic points they can split up under deformations of the surfaces. We call that number the multiplicity of the umbilic point and establish its properties.

Complex coupled dispersionless equations in Minkowski 3-space

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate the geometric and algebraic aspects of defocusing Complex Coupled Dispersionless (CCD) equations in Minkowski space. We give the conditions for obtaining CCD equations from moving spacelike or timelike space curves using the Frenet and Darboux frames. Besides, we present the Lax pairs that indicate that the corresponding CCD equations are integrable. Finally, we evaluate the conserved quantities for CCD equations from the geometric point of view.

Classification of Surfaces of Coordinate Finite Type in the Lorentz–Minkowski 3-Space

In this paper, we define surfaces of revolution without parabolic points in three-dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski space. Then, we classify this class of surfaces under the condition ΔIIIx=Ax, where ΔIII is the Laplace operator regarding the third fundamental form, and A is a real square matrix of order 3. We prove that such surfaces are either catenoids or surfaces of Enneper, or pseudo spheres or hyperbolic spaces centered at the origin.

Evolution Equations of Pseudo Spherical Images for Timelike Curves in Minkowski 3-Space

The pseudo spherical images of non-lightlike curves in Minkowski geometry are curves on the unit pseudo sphere, which are intimately related to the curvatures of the original ones. These images are obtained by means of Frenet-Serret frame vector fields associated with the curves. This classical topic is a well-known concept in Lorentzian geometry of curves. In this paper, we introduce the pseudo spherical images for a timelike curve in Minkowski 3-space. Our main purpose of the work is to obtain the time evolution equations of the orthonormal frame and curvatures of these images. The compatibility conditions for the evolutions are used. Finally, the theoretical results obtained through this study are given by some important theorems and explained in two computational examples with the corresponding graphs.

New optical radial direction for optical modeling with Minkowski extended frame

Numerous geometric applications have been improved to functionalize optical fibers and geometric fabrics. Optical uniform motions are designed by electromagnetic directions. In this article, we manufacture optical important conditions for extended fields. Also, we design new uniformly optical approach for unchanged direction optical motion, uniformly accelerated optical motion, and uniformly circular optical motion. Also, we study magnetic curves and their optical modeling and give optical relations between Fermi–Walker parallel transportation and uniformly optical modeling in four dimensional Minkowski space. Finally, the results also indicated that applied geometric explanation for radial direction of uniformly motion in Minkowski 4-space.

Construction of surface pencil with a given spacelike adjoint curve

The adjoint curve of any Frenet curve r=r(s) is defined as the integral of binormal vector with any parameter s, of a curve r. In this paper,we analyzed the problem of finding a surfaces pencil through a given the spacelike adjoint curve as an asymptotic curve, geodesic or a line of curvature in Minkowski 3-space, respectively. We find necessary and sufficient condition for a surface pencil possessing the spacelike adjoint curve as an asymptotic curve, geodesic or line of curvature. We illustrate this method by presenting some examples.