Minitab Program Research Articles

Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria de geles con extracto etanólico de baccharis macrantha (Chilco)

In the present research, the anti-inflammatory activity of gels with ethanolic extract of baccharis macrantha collected in the community of Llucud Alto, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador was evaluated. The maceration method was used to obtain the ethanolic extract, executing the phytochemical screening with it and determining the secondary metabolites that produced the anti-inflammatory property. Consequently, the concentrated extract was obtained through the lyophilizer, which was used for the preparation of the gels at 10%, 15%, and 18.75%, to which quality control was performed, determining physicochemical characteristics and microbiological control. The anti-inflammatory determination was evaluated by measuring the plantar edema induced with 0.5% carrageenan in 36 male mice, separated into 6 groups of 6 mice, where they were then treated with positive groups (1% diclofenac and 5.5% naproxen) and the prepared gels, making measurements every hour for 6 hours. For the statistical analysis, the ANOVA test of the Minitab program was used, in which a significant difference was identified among the 6 groups. Therefore, due to this difference, the Tukey test was used, resulting in the 18.75% gels and 5.5% naproxen having a difference with the other groups, having greater anti-inflammatory power. It is concluded that certain secondary metabolites of the leaves of baccharis macrantha are responsible for the anti-inflammatory property of the prepared gels, with the 18.75% gel having a high anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Baccharis macrantha; Inflammation; Gel; Ethanolic extract; Anti-inflammatory; Carrageenan-induced plantar edema

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Antibiotics usages among Medical Students at Zawia University

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health. It increases morbidity and mortality, and is associated with high economic costs due to its health care burden. Medical students are particularly important since they will be the future leaders in clinic practice, responsible for antibiotic prescription and communication about antibiotic use with their patients. In this study we aimed to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) with respect to antibiotic use among medical students in faculty of medicine, Zawia University. This is a cross-sectional design; it was undertaken in Faculty of Medicine during October and November: 2023. The questionnaire was administered to students in (III 3rd and IV 4th grades). All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Minitab program. Majority of the respondents were female with ages of 22 years. Higher percentage of 4th-grade students (95.5%) correctly accepting the need to stop antibiotic use compared to 3rd-grade students (27.9%, p < 0.001). On other hand with a higher percentage of 4th-grade students reporting using non-prescribed antibiotics rarely compared to 3rd-grade students (46.3% for 4th grade and 69.8% for 3rd grade, p = 0.003). this study exposed an important awareness concerning the separate between medical students’ knowledge about antimicrobial resistance, and appalling attitudes and practices towards antibiotics use. We need for the re-evaluation of the educational curricula especially, teaching of clinical pharmacology courses in clinical years.

Multi-objective optimization through desirability function analysis on the crashworthiness performance of thermoplastic/thermoset hybrid structures

This paper aims to optimize the crashworthiness capability of glass-reinforced epoxy composites (GFRE) over wrapped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) circular tubes with cutouts. The intended tubes were prepared by a wet wrapping method; then subjected to quasi-static axial compression. To compute crashworthiness indications, three design parameters, each at three levels, were used. The design parameters are the hole diameter (d), the hole's number (n), and the hole position (L). A few runs were accompanied by the L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi technique. With the lowest initial peak crash force (Fip) and the largest absorbed energy (U), the optimal parameters were found. Furthermore, the main effect, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), as well as the analysis of variance (ANOVA), have been studied using the commercial software program MINITAB 18. Furthermore, to optimize the process parameters in terms of the crashworthiness indicators, desirability function analysis (DFA) was applied. Lastly, tests for confirmation were performed to verify the predicted values in light of the experimental results and compare them with the intact tubes. Regarding the single optimization, the optimum Fip tube is smaller than the intact PVC tube and intact hybrid tube, at 24.01 and 72.85 %, respectively. Nonetheless, the optimal U was 21.43 % lower than the intact hybrid tube and 152.75 % greater than the intact PVC tube. While, for Fip and U, the multi-objective optimization specimen achieves 5.13 and 70.02 % greater than the intact PVC tube. But it was 62.44 % and 47.14 % less than what the intact hybrid tube had accomplished.

Development of a Clothing Sizing System for Benghazian Children Based on Anthropometric Measurements

the current study is the second step towards the overall objective of development of a clothing sizing system for Libyan children based on anthropometric body measurements of Libyan school children. The aim of this paper is to examine anthropometric measurements for students in grades four, five and six in the basic education stage, to collect body measurements of school children in Benghazi and analyze them using simple statistical methods that would help determining the body ranges and variations present for students in the three grades and use them, in turn, to develop sizing system of these grades. The anthropometric data were analyzed using Minitab program. ANOVA and kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences between age groups. The results showed that there are differences between the most body measurements except the arm length and waist to hip length. These differences were taken into account when developing the sizing system. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis was carried out to determine the interrelationships between the various body measurements. From these findings it can be concluded that the weight is very strongly correlated with some dimensions. Height and weight measurements were used as a guide to determine the size of clothes. The mean values and the standard deviation were used for creating size steps for the size chart. Three kinds of sizes were identified: L (large), M (medium) and S (small).

Artificial Neural Networks and Experimental Analysis of the Resistance Spot Welding Parameters Effect on the Welded Joint Quality of AISI 304.

The automobile industry relies primarily on spot welding operations, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW). The performance and durability of the resistance spot-welded joints are significantly impacted by the welding quality outputs, such as the shear force, nugget diameter, failure mode, and the hardness of the welded joints. In light of this, the present study sought to determine how the aforementioned welding quality outputs of 0.5 and 1 mm thick austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 were affected by RSW parameters, such as welding current, welding time, pressure, holding time, squeezing time, and pulse welding. In order to guarantee precise evaluation and experimental analysis, it is essential that they are supported by a numerical model using an intelligent model. The primary objective of this research is to develop and enhance an intelligent model employing artificial neural network (ANN) models. This model aims to provide deeper knowledge of how the RSW parameters affect the quality of optimum joint behavior. The proposed neural network (NN) models were executed using different ANN structures with various training and transfer functions based on the feedforward backpropagation approach to find the optimal model. The performance of the ANN models was evaluated in accordance with validation metrics, like the mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2). Assessing the experimental findings revealed the maximum shear force and nugget diameter emerged to be 8.6 kN and 5.4 mm for the case of 1-1 mm, 3.298 kN and 4.1 mm for the case of 0.5-0.5 mm, and 4.031 kN and 4.9 mm for the case of 0.5-1 mm. Based on the results of the Pareto charts generated by the Minitab program, the most important parameter for the 1-1 mm case was the welding current; for the 0.5-0.5 mm case, it was pulse welding; and for the 0.5-1 mm case, it was holding time. When looking at the hardness results, it is clear that the nugget zone is much higher than the heat-affected zone (HZ) and base metal (BM) in all three cases. The ANN models showed that the one-output shear force model gave the best prediction, relating to the highest R and the lowest MSE compared to the one-output nugget diameter model and two-output structure. However, the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (Trainlm) training function with the log sigmoid transfer function recorded the best prediction results of both ANN structures.

Optimization and Simulation Parameters of the Resistance Spot Welding for Commercial Aluminium (AA1050) at Low Power Welding Machine

This study aims to find the best conditions of resistance spot welding in commercial Aluminium AA1050 to obtain the maximum tensile shear strength of the joint using a low-power supply welding machine. The chosen parameters for this study were welding current, welding time, and electrode force using a 90 kVA welding machine. The investigation used the DoE method with Taguchi’s technique to reduce the number of experiments where two sheet thicknesses (1 mm and 2 mm) were used in this work. The software program Minitab 18 analyzed the results using the main effects plots and the interaction plots to identify the most significant parameters and their effect on the joint strength. The best conditions for maximum tensile shear force were 14.85 kA welding current and 0.79 kN electrode force for both thicknesses and two cycles and 12 cycles welding time for 1 mm and 2 mm sheet thickness, respectively. The maximum tensile strength obtained was 250 N and 225 N for 1mm and 2mm sheet thickness, respectively. A mathematical equation was developed to predict the shear force with 19.9 % and 17.9 % error for 1 mm and 2 mm thicknesses, respectively. The best conditions were applied in ANSYS 2022R1 multi-physics to obtain the temperature distribution with time history, where the result shows the nugget size according to the molten temperature. The percentage of discrepancy between actual and numerical nugget size was 8 %.

Platelet Parameters in Nonthrombocytopenic Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

الخلاصة
 الخلفية: مقدمات الارتعاج هو اضطراب خاص بالحمل متعدد الأجهزة، يتميز بتطور ارتفاع ضغط الدم والبيلة البروتينية التي تنشأ بعد الأسبوع العشرين من الحمل في امرأة كانت ذات ضغط طبيعي سابقًا ويرتبط الحمل بالتكيف الفسيولوجي الذي يؤدي الى تغيير في نظام الدم ومن ضمنها معلمات الصفائح الدموية.
 هدف الدراسة: دراسة لمقارنة العلاقة بين عدد الصفائح الدموية (pc) ومؤشرات الصفائح الدموية وهي متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية (MPV) وتوزيع الصفائح الدموية (PDW) ونسبة عدد الصفائح الى حجمها في النساء المصابات بمقدمات الارتعاج مع النساء ذوات الحمل الطبيعي.
 المرضى والطريقة: تم إجراء دراسة الحالة والشاهد في قسم النسائية والتوليد في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي للأطفال والولادة ، الموصل، العراق على مدى فترة تمتد من الاول من شباط ٢٠٢٠ إلى نهاية كانون الأول٢٠٢٠. شاركت عينة من ١٢٠ امرأة حامل في الدراسة ممن استوفين معايير الاشتمال. ٦٠ منهن تم تشخيص إصابتهن بمقدمات الارتعاج (٣٠ امرأة حامل مع مقدمة الارتعاج الخفيف و ٣٠ امرأة حامل مع مقدمة الارتعاج الشديد و٦٠ امرأة حامل حملا طبيعيا كمجموعة شاهد. تم قياس عدد الصفائح الدموية ومتوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية كجزء من تعداد الدم الكامل.
 النتائج: علاقة خطية معنوية بين متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية (MPV) وعرض توزيع الصفائح الدموية (PDW) بمتوسط ضغط شرياني في مجموعة تسمم الحمل بقيمة p (0.025 و 0.001) على التوالي وعلاقة عكسية معنوية بين عدد الصفائح الدموية ومتوسط الضغط الشرياني مع p تمت ملاحظة قيمة (<0.001).
 الخلاصة: تعتبر مؤشرات الصفائح الدموية فعالة من حيث التكلفة، وسهلة القياس، وعلامات عملية لرصد مقدمة الارتعاج ، وان متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية وعرض توزيعها له علاقة طردية كبيرة مع متوسط الضغط الشرياني في حالة مقدمة الارتعاج الشديد.
 الكلمات المفتاحية: مقدمة الاتعاج, معلمات الصفائح الدمويه, عدد الصفائح الدمويه, حجم الصفائح الدمويه, توزيع الصفائح الدمويه.

A efetividade de participação no programa envelhecimento ativo do hospital universitário

ABSTRACT Active aging is based on four pillars: health, safety, participation, and lifelong learning. These pillars help individuals improve their quality of life throughout the aging process. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the Active Aging Program; identify the sociodemographic profile of the participants; identify prevalent diseases in the initial evaluation; and assess the results of the program after one year of follow-up. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory, desk research, and descriptive study. Data from 545 employees of University of São Paulo participating in the Active Aging Program of the University Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo (HU-USP) between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed using the Minitab Program. For data analysis, Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the association between Groups A and B. For continuous measures, the paired t-test was used to verify differences in means, adopting a 95% confidence interval and significance level of 0.05. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found when crossing sex with smoking; sex with triglycerides; age with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, being the age group 40–59 statistically more significant; physical activity with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases; and body mass index at program entry with the one-year result. Conclusion: The study expanded knowledge about risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and provided important information for the continuity of the program.

Experimental study of heat transfer using nanofluids in a coiled agitated vessel equipped with impeller propeller

In this study, the heat transfer enhancement was made by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with distilled water (i.e . nanofluid) in a coiled agitated vessel. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluid at a volume fraction of (0.3 Vol%) was estimated with different parameters (temperature, propeller speed, flow rate, and time ultrasonication). The statistic program Minitab software 2019 by the method of Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to identify the important and effective parameters of the process. The optimum parameters were found 55°C,300 rpm, 1 L/min, and time ultrasonication of 100 min with enhanced thermal conductivity of about 76.5%.

Joining of Polymer to Aluminum Alloy AA1050 By Friction Spot Welding

The friction spot welding process is used to join the hybrid joint of aluminium to polymer. AA 1050 Aluminum alloy and polyethylene polymer (type of plastic) were used for joining. Aluminium surface treatment was done to increase the wettability of it. The surface treatment was done by electrochemical treatment. Two parameters of the joining process were used: (1, 1.5 and 2) min. (920, 1340 and 1500) rpm for time and rotational speed, respectively. Many tests for the joint are done: shear test and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the Minitab program, the effect of the parameters on the joint was analysed. The maximum value of the shear force was (1587 N) at 1.5 min. time and 1340 rpm rotational speed. The minimum shear force was (589 N) at 1 min. time and 920 rpm rotational speed. The joints which were tested failed by an interfacial shear with a ductile fracture of the polymer side. The process of joining mechanism occurred through a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and the surface of the AA 1050 aluminium specimen, cohesive and adhesive. The average thickness for the joint of the tested specimens was 4µm.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DESIGN RATIOS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE: A PARAMETRIC STUDY USING THE TAGUCHI METHOD

This paper presents the influence of numerous limits on compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete mixtures optimized by Taguchi method using Minitab program. The major goal is to find the optimal ratios that may give the greatest compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. A total of twenty fife mixtures of geopolymer concrete with fife mixtures of normal concrete were assessed considering the effect of inclusion of Alkali-Activator to binder ratio (AA/B), NaOH concentration (M), Influence of Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (SS/SH) and effect of binder content (B). Different molarities was used in this study: 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. Flay ash by way of waste material is used in ratios of (15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25) % and substituted via 90 % of ordinary Portland cement to output the geopolymer concrete. Also, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide are utilized in ratios of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3. The alkali activator was made using sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, and water in ratios of (0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5). One type of locally crushed coarse aggregate was used instead of normal coarse aggregate that has sizes of 19 mm, as well as, fine aggregate. The examined mechanical property is characterized by compressive strength. The outcomes specify that the geopolymer concrete exhibits The highest compressive strength has been reached when the alkali-activator to binder ratio equal to 0.45, NaOH concentrations equal to 16, Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio equal to 1 and binder content reached to 25 %. Also, the result showed that the compressive increases as the curing age increases. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was evaluated to show the geopolymer concrete microstructure.

Electrocoagulation Coupled Fenton Process for Treating Refinery Wastewater Using a Cylindrical Design of Ti and Al Electrodes

Due to the serious wizards that industrial waste causes to humans, animals, and plants, besides the fact that wastewater from refineries contains many harmful compounds and that this type of industry is prevalent in most countries, the issue of protecting the environment from industrial waste is importance at the recent time. The organic contaminants elimination from the wastewater connected with the Iraqi refinery at Qayyarah served as our case study. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was the organic contaminants measure. A titanium electrode (cathode) and an aluminum electrode (anode) were combined with the electrocoagulation and Photo-Fenton-processes. Using a Mini Tab program, the Taguchi method Utilizing statistical techniques, successfully obtained the outcomes and final values. The most effective removal of COD was 90.148. With a standard deviation of 2.651, the best conditions for this experiment were as follows: The time required to achieve this removal efficiency was 50 minutes, 8 pH, 400 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide, 20 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, and a current density of 15 mA cm-2. Through ANOVA analysis of this process, it was found that the current density (C.D.) significantly influenced the removal efficiency, affecting it by 47.79%, followed by the electrolytic solution effect by 18.31%, and the hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate concentrations effect by 12.55% and 2.36%, respectively. Also, a mathematical equation was found to describe the studied case. The reaction kinetics were also investigated, and the reaction rate constant (cm/s) was determined at ideal conditions, with km = 6.60546 x 10-5.

Efficiency of coagulation-flocculation and chlorination processes in the removal of endosulfan from water sources

ABSTRACT In this study, the efficiency of conventional drinking water treatment processes (coagulation-flocculation and chlorination) for endosulfan removal and metabolite formation were investigated. Taguchi experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied using Minitab program. The highest removal efficiency was obtained as 65% at 6 mg/L initial endosulfan concentration, 30 mg/L aluminium sulfate dose and pH 7, in the coagulation-flocculation experiments. In chlorination experiments, it was determined that the variables of initial endosulfan concentration, chlorine dose, pH and contact time contributed 55.84%, 21.25%, 5.74% and 3.48% to the endosulfan removal, respectively, according to the ANOVA results. The presence of endosulfan metabolites like endosulfan ether, sulfate, and lactone were also detected and measured. P values were obtained only in endosulfan sulfate formation as a result of chlorination, lower than 0.05 for initial endosulfan concentration, chlorine dose and time parameters; apart from this, P values were not statistically significant in all other experiments.

Development of Optimal Technology for Drying Herbal Medicinal Raw Materials from Autumn Wormwood (<i>Artemisia serotina</i> Bunge) Based on Comparative Analysis

Introduction. Choosing the optimal method for drying medicinal plants is an important aspect of obtaining herbal materials of pharmacopoeial quality. At the site of the pharmaceutical enterprise Fitoleum LLP (Esik, Kazakhstan), a technology for obtaining herbal materials from autumn wormwood (Artemisia serotina Bunge) was developed, within the framework of which the optimal drying method was studied using IR radiation, convective drying and shadow drying in natural conditions. In parallel with the experimental approach, a method for simulating drying conditions was implemented. The development of technology for the obtaining of herbal materials is implemented using the "Quality by Design" concept, one of the principles of which is the modeling of experiments (Design of experiments, DoE). The advantage of modeling when studying the processes is that this technique allows you to simultaneously analyze several input parameters and their impact on quality indicators, while significantly reducing the number of experiments.Aim. To choose the optimal method for drying autumn wormwood herb for further production of herbal medicine or herbal materials.Materials and methods. During the experiment, the following equipment was used: a manual harvester for collecting plants, pallets or racks with a mesh bottom, infrared substrates, a convective drying oven, racks with pallets under a canopy in natural conditions, a grass cutter, vibrating sieves. Also, the study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the "Quality by Design" concept using the Minitab Statistical Software 21 program, using a statistical tool – Design of experiments (DoE).Results and discussion. The results of studies of various drying methods have shown that the most optimal is drying with IR radiation, which allows to maintain the content of essential oils (the main group of biologically active substances) at the optimal level – about 1,7 % with a raw material moisture content of no more than 13 %. The data obtained by simulating the experiment in the Minitab program were comparable to the results of the classical experimental design. The optimal method and technological parameters for drying autumn wormwood have been established – the use of IR radiation, temperature of 35–45 °C and drying time of 14–17 hours. Comparable data on the studied technological parameters of three sequentially produced series were obtained and the validity of the technological process for drying autumn wormwood was confirmed.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the methods of drying medicinal plants – IR radiation, convective and shadow drying in natural conditions – of autumn wormwood (Artemisia serotina Bunge) was carried out. It has been established that the maximum content of essential oils (as the main group of biologically active substances) in raw materials is observed when using drying using IR radiation at a temperature of 35–45 °C for 14– 17 hours. At the same time, the residual moisture content of the drug is no higher than 13 %, which corresponds to pharmacopoeial requirements. Conducted studies of predicting optimal drying parameters using the Minitab Statistical Software 21 program showed comparability with the experimental results. Based on the results obtained, an optimal method for drying autumn wormwood herb was proposed for use in production and obtaining pharmacopoeial quality medicinal products.

İĞNE VE TOPLAYICI PLAKA ARASINDAKİ MESAFENİN ELEKTROSPINNING YÖNTEMİ İLE ÜRETİLEN LİFLERİN MORFOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

In the study, the morphology of the fibers produced by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile polymer was investigated by changing the distance between needle and collector plate. For this purpose, 8 cm, 13 cm, 18 cm, 23 cm, 28 cm distances were studied. With the experimental parameters applied in the study at 8 cm and 13 cm distances, continuous fiber formation did not occur and a dense dripping was formed. When the distance was increased to 18 cm, fiber production started without interruption. The diameters of the nanofibers were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the SPSS program was used to compare the diameter values obtained statistically. When the distance is 18 cm, the average diameter of the produced nanofibers varies between 509.96-572.48 nm, while this value varies between 460.90-522.01 at 23 cm and 399.67-462.48 at 28 cm. It was observed that the fiber diameter decreased as the distance between needle and collector plate increased. As the distance decreases, the fibers are gathered together more on the paper surface. Therefore, a thicker fiber layer was obtained when the distance was 18 cm. In addition, nanofiber fineness optimization was carried out according to the Taguchi method with two parameters using the Minitab program.

Karakteristik Organoleptik Dendeng Batokok dengan Bahan Pengasap dan Lama Pengasapan yang Berbeda

The objectiveof this study was to studythe characteristics of dendeng batokok that made with different duration of fumigationand the use of coconut shell, medang sawdust and rice husk as smoke material. Smokedduration was conducted during each 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Parameters observed during research were organoleptic attributes (colour, texture, aroma and taste). Theexperimental design used complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Nonparametric data of organoleptic tests processed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis method. Data processing using the program Minitab 15 version. The results ofthis study indicatethat; 1) the selected of dendeng batokok with the highest average value is 60 minutes for coconut shell smoking during, 90 minutes for medang sawdust smoking medang and 90 minutes for rice husk smoking, (2) the use of beef and buffalo meat with smoking coconut shell, medang sawdust and rice husk showed no real difference on organoleptic characteristics.

ANALISA FLUKTUASI NOMINAL SAHAM RESULTAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN INTERIM Di BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The current development of the stock market attracts the attention of capital owners or investorsto invest in the stock market. Stock exchange participants can buy and sell shares or other thingson the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Effect of financial reports on company stock prices onthe IDX. Fluctuating stock prices are a problem faced by investors today, therefore investorsmust be careful in making decisions. Every investor decision making should be based on goodfinancial reports. This study aims to determine the possible influence of interim financial reportson changes in stock prices on the IDX. The research method uses the Minitab program analysis,as well as applying samples to companies on the IDX. The population of this study is companiesregistered on the IDX in the period 2018 to the end of 2022, and publishing interim financialreports electronically and in the mass media, no later than 120 days after closing the company'sbooks. So that in this study took a sample of 53 most active companies. The data in this researchare secondary, taken from literature and data sources published by the Indonesia StockExchange (https://old.idx.co.id/). Tests on stock prices (P it), Abnormal Return (AR) bothrealized returns and expected returns and event dates. The results of calculations and analysis ofdata carried out in this study concluded that the publication of interim financial reports did nothave a significant effect on changes in stock prices as a whole.

The Impact of Climate Change on the Productivity of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) in Kamal Village, West Kairatu District

The research conducted in the village of Kamal, West Kairatu District, aims to prove that climate change has occurred and the relationship between climate and nutmeg productivity. The plant survey research used a random sampling method, the strata were determined based on the number of productive nutmeg plants, 30 samples of nutmeg plants were taken from 15 farmers. The analysis carried out was an analysis of rainfall under extreme conditions using rainfall data for the last 30 years (1992-2021 period) as well as an analysis of the relationship between rainfall and nutmeg productivity using regression analysis which tested using the Program Minitab 21. The results of the study showed that there was a deviation from extreme rainfall in Kamal village, namely the very extreme EL Nino event which caused rainfall in Kamal village to be 992 mm from normal conditions. a very extreme La Nina event caused rainfall in Kamal Village to increase by 1197 mm. The impact of climate change on the productivity of nutmeg in Kamal village is very closely related, namely the higher the rainfall, the higher the productivity of nutmeg, as indicated by the accuracy value of R2 = 82.1%.

An Investigation of Joining Polyamide (PA) to Stainless Steel AISI 316L by Hot Press Process

A hot press process was used as a technique to pound a polyamide type of polymer of a thickness (2mm) to stainless steel AISI 316L of the thickness (1mm). A hybrid joint of dissimilar material was accomplished by a hot press bonding process. During the joining process, three different parameters of process were used: processing temperature of 175, 170 and 165°C, processing pressure of 3, 6 and 9 bar and time of 1.5, 3 and 4.5 min. The surface of stainless steel was prepared and treated by a mechanical treatment (surface grinding) to improve the wettability to increase the shear strength. A shear tensile, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) tests were used to investigate and examine the joint (bounding) specimens. The Minitab program was used to analyze the effect of the parameters of the joining process on the joint properties. The maximum and minimum values of shear force are exhibited at a processing temperature of 165°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 1.5 minutes; the minimum shear force was found to be 675 N, while the maximum shear force was 2182 N at a processing temperature of 175°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 3 minutes. The tested joints failed by an interfacial shear and necking in the polymer side with a ductile fracture. The joining process occurred through a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and the treated surface of the steel specimen. The average thickness of the joining line for the tested specimens was 8µm.

Prevalence, clinical and angiography of Coronary Artery Disease in patients with chest pain with left bundle branch block in Iraqi Centers of Heart Disease

Introduction and Aim: Left bundle branch block (LBBB), is seen on the electrocardiograms, when the His-Purkinje system disrupts the normal sequence of activation is changed in the left bundle branch block, leading to specific appearance on the electrocardiograms. Left bundle branch blocks usually occur in patients associated with advanced heart conduction disorders. In this study we aimed to study the prevalence of significant CAD in patients with chest pain and left bundle branches block sent to invasive coronary angiography and study clinical and angiography with distribution of CAD risk factors in our study population. Methodology: This investigation is a single center retrospective cohort study that included 400 patients who underwent coronary angiography with left bundle branch block on their ECGs. The study was carried out in the Iraqi Center for Heart Disease between April 2017 and May 2022. Data regarding their age, gender, related risk factors, electrocardiography, echo and left ventricular function was noted. Data was subjected to statistical analysis using the Minitab program. Results: The prevalence of CAD was 41% among the 400 patients who had LBBB. Demographic data showed age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus to be a risk factor associated with CAD. The related anatomy of the left bundle branch block in 98 patients showed single or multiple coronary artery disease and likely reduced ejection fraction (<50%). Conclusion: The prevalence of LBBB is more common in males than in females. The biggest risk factor for cardiovascular disease in those with LBBB and coronary artery disease is hypertension, which is followed by age and diabetes mellitus. Thus, coronary angiography should be used in cardiac tests to identify CAD in individuals with LBBB.