Ministry Of Transport Research Articles

The Influence of Self-Efficacy, Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills on the Organizational Performance of the Ministry of Transportation, Mediated by Personnel Competence, Graduates of Indonesian Aviation Higher Vocational Education

This research delves into the impact of various factors on Organizational Performance, with a specific focus on graduates of Vocational Higher Education in Aviation in Indonesia employed as Civil Servants (ASN) within the Ministry of Transportation. The factors under scrutiny include Self-efficacy, Knowledge, Attitude, and Skill, with an exploration of their positive influence on Organizational Performance. Furthermore, the study examines how these factors contribute to Personnel Competence among these graduates and assesses the resultant effect on Organizational Performance within the Ministry of Transportation. Additionally, it investigates the mediating role of Personnel Competence in the relationship between Self Efficacy, Knowledge, Attitude, Skill, and Organizational Performance. Employing a quantitative survey method with a positivistic approach, this study utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis. Through this methodology, the research aims to elucidate the correlation between graduate competencies and organizational tasks. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights into bolstering organizational performance through effective human resource development strategies within the aviation sector, thereby catering to readers unfamiliar with the topic or research methods and ensuring clarity and coherence in the language to enhance understanding.

The Influence of Career Development, Positive Psychology, Organizational Communication, and Strategic Digital Leadership on the Improvement of Performance in the Aviation School Organization of the Ministry of Transportation, Mediated by Employee Motivation

This research investigates the factors influencing organizational performance within the Flight School of the Ministry of Transportation, focusing on the unique structure of the Public Service Agency (BLU) and its technical implementation units. It explores challenges faced by aviation service schools in meeting BLU revenue targets and highlights the significance of human resource management. Drawing on insights from scholars, the study examines the impact of career development, positive psychology, organizational communication, and digital leadership strategies on organizational performance, mediated by employee motivation. Using a quantitative approach involving a survey of 175 officials and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research finds positive influences of these factors on organizational performance, with employee motivation playing a mediating role. However, limitations such as reliance on self-reported data and the sample size constrain the generalizability of findings. Future research could employ qualitative methods and longitudinal studies to deepen understanding and investigate long-term effects.

Slip distribution of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake (MJMA 7.6) estimated from tsunami waveforms and GNSS data

AbstractThe 1 January 2024 Noto-Hanto (Noto Peninsula) earthquake (MJMA 7.6) generated strong ground motion, large crustal deformation and tsunamis that caused significant damage in the region. Around Noto Peninsula, both offshore submarine and partially inland active faults have been identified by previous projects: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Japan Sea Earthquake and Tsunami Research Project (JSPJ). We inverted the tsunami waveforms recorded on 6 wave gauges and 12 tide gauges around Sea of Japan and the GNSS data recorded at 53 stations in Noto Peninsula to estimate the slip amount and seismic moment on each of active faults. The results show that the 2024 coseismic slips were 3.5 m, 3.2 m, and 3.2 m on subfaults NT4, NT5 and NT6 of the JSPJ model, located on the northern coast of Noto Peninsula and dipping toward southeast. A smaller slip, 1.0 m, estimated on NT8 on the southwestern end of the 2024 rupture, may be attributed to its previous rupture during the 2007 Noto earthquake. The total length of these four faults is ~ 100 km, and the seismic moment is 1.90 × 1020 Nm (Mw = 7.5). Almost no slip was estimated on the northeastern subfaults NT2 and NT3, which dip northwestward, opposite to NT4–NT5–NT6, and western subfault NT8. Aftershocks including the MJMA 6.1 event occurred in the NT2–NT3 region, but they are smaller than the potential magnitude (Mw 7.1) those faults can release in a tsunamigenic earthquake. Similar features are also found for the MLIT model; the 2024 slip was only on F43 along the northern coast of Noto Peninsula, and northeastern F42 did not rupture, leaving potential for future event. Graphical Abstract

Analisis Tingkat Kebisingan dari Aktivitas Landing Pesawat di Kawasan Bandara Djalaluddin Gorontalo

Noise is defined as unwanted sound that can cause discomfort to the listener. Airports are one of the public facilities that have a vital role as a gateway for mobility in a city. The large number of planes landing and taking off causes high noise levels around the airport. Noise is the flow of energy in the form of waves, unwanted sounds with pressure that can vary based on the origin of the noise, so that it reaches the ears and improves hearing. Noise can disturb workers in the workplace due to psychological disorders and focus problems, which can cause a decrease in worker productivity. Workers with a working duration of 8 hours/day have a safe threshold value of 85 dB. That way, workers can work well, without experiencing disruption while working due to excessive noise levels. This research aims to determine the analysis of noise levels on Garuda Indonesia and Lion Air aircraft in the Djalaludin Gorontalo Airport working area in 2023. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. This activity will be carried out for 1 day, namely on Tuesday, October 3 2023 at Djalaludi Airport, Gorontalo. The data collected is primary data obtained directly from the results of measuring the noise level generated by Garuda Indonesia and Lion Air aircraft at Djalaludin Gorontalo Airport. From the results of measuring the noise level generated by Garuda Indonesia aircraft when landing, the result was 76.32. dB(A) and the results of measuring the noise level produced by the Lion Air plane when landing was 77.3 dB(A), where this measurement was carried out on the airport apron. Based on the threshold value of PERMENKES Number 2 of 2023, namely 75-85 dB(A) and based on the Decree of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 52 of 2023 concerning the Master Plan for Djalaludin Airport, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province, namely 70-80 dB(A). The noise level produced by Garuda Indonesia and Lion Air planes is considered to be still normal

EVALUATION OF AIRPORT RAIL SERVICES BASED ON MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARDS (SPM)

One of the factors the Yogyakarta government built Yogyakarta International Airport was because the capacity of the Adisutjipto airport was only able to accommodate 1.2 million passengers but in reality the number of passengers could reach five times the capacity. Due to the very busy flight schedule and inadequate airport capacity, since 2020 the average flight has been diverted to Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) "quoted from the official Adisutjipto airport website". The location of the airport which is far from the city center has had an impact on the development of mass transportation modes of the Railroad as a direct connector between the airport and Yogyakarta city center. The YIA Airport Train Station will begin operating in October 2021. In this relatively new period, it is necessary to evaluate the service facilities on the Airport Railroad and at the YIA Airport Station. The purpose of this research is to prove to what extent services both on the train and at the YIA airport station have met minimum service standards and to produce new innovations on the effectiveness of train scheduling related to the level of passenger satisfaction. The government itself has Minimum Service Standards for the Transport of People by Train which are listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, Number PM 63 of 2019 concerning Minimum Service Standards for the Transport of People by Train, at Stations and on Trips. The regulation has 6 types of services, namely: Safety, Security, Reliability/Organization, Convenience, Convenience, and Equality. To find out whether the 6 types of services meet service standards, an evaluation can be carried out using qualitative methods with data collection techniques by direct observation in the field and through questionnaires, so that it is known that the implementation of minimum service standards at the Airport Railway and at YIA Airport Station . The stages required in conducting this research include: preparation, problem identification, data collection method by collecting primary data, namely through direct observation and online questionnaire distribution, both of which are analyzed descriptively, data evaluation, discussion, as well as conclusions and suggestions. The results obtained from this study are that there are still several service facilities that are inappropriate or not available in the station such as toilets, prayer rooms, no smoking prohibited signs, no seats available for persons with disabilities and so on, and the contents of the first aid kit are not found on the train , the temperature inside the train is not suitable, not all passengers can sit especially when the train is crowded and so on. Through the results of these observations to ensure the level of service, questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. Broadly speaking, the questionnaire shows that passengers expect the availability of toilets and prayer rooms at the station, the number of seats in the waiting room needs to be increased, the temperature in the room is considered, and the addition of the train departure schedule should be adjusted to the arrival and departure of the plane so that passengers do not wait too long.
 Keywords: Minimum Service Standards (SPM), Stations, Airport Railroad.

Influence of Calcium Carbide Residue on Corn Stalk Ash Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Highway Pavement Construction

The most common binder used for roads and buildings is cement, and its annual production rate is rising at an unprecedented rate, which has significant negative effects on the environment. This research investigated the effect of a varying percentage of Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) and Corn Stalk Ash (CSA) samples on lateritic soils. A total of 25 mixture samples of CCR and CSA were prepared and mixed with lateritic soils to evaluate the mechanical and strength properties according to the Standard for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing, AASHTO. The results showed that CCR has the property that reacts with CSA which is a good pozzolana yielding a product similar to the cement hydration process. Particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, Specific gravity, Compaction, and California Bearing Ratio were developed for each test sample, and the corresponding optimum mixtures were determined for the general specification for roads and bridges. Tests showed that in comparison to the control sample, there is an increase in the Atterberg limits properties with a decrease in the compaction properties and an increase in the CBR values upon the addition of 8% CCR and 2.5% CSA mixture before soaking and after soaking for 24 hours respectively which falls within the guidelines of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Highways and Transportation (1997). Similarly, CCR was found to be advantageous for use as an activator with CSA to stabilized soil as a sub-base material in Highway Pavement Construction.

Etika, Hak & Kewajiban Pelaku Bisnis Transportasi On-Line (GOJEK) Perspektif Bisnis Sharing Economy Syariah

This paper conducts qualitative research on literature related to describing a form of ethics, rights and obligations of on-line transportation business (GoJek) seen from the perspective of sharia sharing economy business in Indonesia. GoJek, an on-line technology-based transportation service company that uses human and motorcycle modes of transportation, in its business scope has a role that has a major influence on the economy in Indonesia today. GoJek is an economic actor that has a function as a producer that produces services for an information technology-based transportation mode that applies an on-line model in its services. Meanwhile, the government through the Ministry of Transportation (Kemenhub) is an economic actor that functions as a regulator in terms of authorization related to policies that regulate the overall operational scope of all modes of transportation in Indonesia. The rapid development of information technology has changed the shape of the economic system from the conventional one to the form of a sharing economy system. This change also touches on the existence of GoJek's business as an economic actor that functions as a producer, as well as the Ministry of Transportation as a representative of the government which is an economic actor and functions as a regulator of transportation modes in Indonesia. Meanwhile, in the business and economic world, the Islamic economic system is increasingly being sought and applied throughout the world, this can also affect the business conditions of GoJek, including the Ministry of Transportation in responding to its role related to the perspective of the sharia sharing economy. This study finds that there is a form of ethics, rights and obligations of on-line transportation business actors (GoJek) and the role of the government as an economic actor in the perspective of sharing economy sharia.

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SMART LIVING MELALUI APLIKASI TEMAN BUS DI KOTA PALEMBANG

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing Smart Living through the Teman Bus application in Palembang City and providing benefits both theoretically and practically. Application Teman Bus is one of the public transport development programs in urban areas. This application is road-based using technology and non- cash based to improve the safety and security of people's mobility. Application Teman Bus the one in Palembang City is a concept design Buy the Service (BTS) was first issued by the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. The Teman Bus application will automatically add regulations and be neater, and more sophisticated for transportation users in the city of Palembang. Potency Smart Living in Palembang City supports the realization Smart City. The research method used is a qualitative method that aims to collect accurate and objective data related to the issue being discussed, data collection techniques that involve interaction, including observation, interviews, and documentation. Smart Living is part of the six concept areas Smart City discusses criteria and concepts on how to better manage the quality of life and habits (culture) in an area).

Promoting standardisation in modern China: British and American engineers’ organisations, local Chinese engineers, and their transnational networks, 1901–41

Abstract Standardisation is a product of the second wave of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. This article examines how Western standardisation practices were introduced, transmitted, and promoted in China during the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, it looks at the critical role played by British, American, and local Chinese engineers in the transmission process. The topics covered in the present article have seldom been considered, and this article tries to fill the gap in scholarship. It analyses the shifting patterns of various standardisation efforts that are closely related to the governance of both cities and the wider nation. Work examined includes that of the Engineering Society of China, led by British engineers, which initiated standardisation in the Shanghai International Settlement in the early twentieth century; that of the Association of Chinese and American Engineers, founded by engineers of China and the USA, which, after World War I, began to implement the standardisation of railway infrastructure, with the cooperation of the Ministry of Transportation of the Beijing government; and efforts in the 1930s under the Nanjing government to establish an ‘engineering’ or ‘technocratic’ state, which included the execution of national schemes for the development of industrial standardisation. From the period of World War I until the 1930s, the orientation and practices of American standardisation strategies dominated China; then, due to the worsening situation of the Chinese–Japanese War, ideological tendencies and national strategies for standardisation began to diverge.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ УРОВНЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The purpose of this work is to analyze the development of the manufacturing sectors of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation, taking into account regional specifications. The object of study is the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and the regions. The subject of the study is the system of indicators of the agro–industrial complex for the period 2005-2022. The information base is represented by a set of statistical indicators of the agro-industrial complex and the economy of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the state as a whole, monitored by Rosstat, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal Treasury, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Energy. As a result of the work performed, a system of statistical indicators was formed, the use of which is possible both in further scientific research on the topic and in the executive authorities of the regions for conducting control sections, including for making recommendations on changing the plan of the main activity.

Comparative numerical investigation of flow-induced noise characteristics of high-speed trains using high-resolution compressible Large Eddy Simulation

The South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has developed a “Comprehensive Plan for 400km/h High-Speed Rail” aimed at enhancing the operational speed of the high-speed railways, currently running up to 300km/h. A short-term goal is to elevate the operating speed of high-speed trains to 370 km/h, up from 320 km/h. Because aerodynamic noise proportionally escalates with the 6th powers of the speed, aerodynamic noise becomes more significant at higher speeds. Consequently, there's a pressing need for design solutions that reduce aerodynamic noise in high-speed trains. This study involves an aeroacoustic analysis using real-scale models of the current model and the preliminary design targeting 370 kph operation. Each model's 8-car formation has been simplified to a 5- car setup. A challenge in predicting aerodynamic noise is the generation of detailed sound sources in the near field and precise noise propagation in the acoustic field. For that, a three-dimensional compressible Large Eddy Simulation technique is employed, utilizing high-resolution grids. This allows for concurrent computation of the external flow and acoustic fields for a real-scale, high-speed train in an open environment. The analysis comprehensively examines the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic properties of each train car, including the major contributors to aerodynamic noise in high-speed trains. The radiated noise is predicted using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation and is further examined in relation to vortex sound sources.

OPTIMALISASI KINERJA: RENCANA DAN PROGRES REFORMASI BIROKRASI KEMENTERIAN PERHUBUNGAN

Bureaucratic reform has become an important agenda in efforts to improve the performance and effectiveness of government institutions in various countries, including Indonesia. The Ministry of Transportation (Kemenhub) has been actively carrying out various organizational transformation efforts to improve its performance and responsiveness to community needs since 2010. This reform process is based on the theory of organizational change, which emphasizes the importance of commitment from all parties involved, support from organizational leadership, and change that carried out gradually and measurably. Analysis of the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Ministry of Transportation shows that the steps taken have provided positive results in improving operational efficiency and service quality in the transportation sector. Commitment from all levels of employees, led by visionary leaders, is the key to success in implementing these changes. However, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome in continuing bureaucratic reform at the Ministry of Transportation. Effective and efficient budget management remains a major concern, and a clear understanding of the benefits of bureaucratic reform needs to be disseminated more widely. Open and ongoing communication with stakeholders is essential to ensure continued support for the changes being made. By strengthening commitment, developing human resources, and using information technology more effectively, the Ministry of Transportation can continue to improve its performance and services for the community in a continuously developing transportation context.

Analysis of Load Distribution Effect of Jack Support Shock Absorber

According to recent statistics from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 40% of domestic buildings are in a serious state of deterioration and are more than 30 years old. Accordingly, the dismantling of old buildings is increasing; however, collapse accidents frequently occur during dismantling. During building dismantling, a jack support is placed at the bottom of the slab to reinforce insufficient slab strength. In this study, a shock absorber was developed to address jack support problems. The developed impact dampening device was designed to be mounted at the bottom of the jack support. Therefore, not only could the length of the jack support be adjusted independently, but it could also be applied to various load environments owing to its three-stage shock absorbing device configuration. Consequently, applying the developed shock absorber to various building dismantling scenarios and confirming it through a numerical analysis showed a relatively excellent load distribution effect when applied to all supports.

Development of A Structural Equation Model of The Variables Affecting the Organizational Performance of The Mass Rapid Transit Systems of Thailand

Introduction: The development of the Thai transport system in the future must be based on the advancement of three aspects: personnel, technology, and research and development must be promoted for the operation of efficient innovative tools and management as key mechanisms in the transport system’s development. The master plan of the Ministry of Transport under Strategy 5 for the development of the Thai transport system within 20 years (2017-2036) stated about the need for and initiation of technology and innovation, as well as the promotion of research and development for the application of rapid advancements within these aspects so to develop the transport infrastructure and management, which would engender higher efficiency of future transport as well. Technology is required and is suitable for the analysis and evaluation of performance in the view of safety technological innovation for subway station construction. Objective: The main objective was to explore the development, congruence, and the indirect direct, and total effects of the variables affecting the organizational performance of the mass rapid transit systems of Thailand Method: This is quantitative research, collecting data from 385 executives and chiefs of organizations relating to the mass railway transit systems and private manufacturers participating in the project with state enterprise agencies. Result: Relationship between the two variables and among the multiple variables in conjunction with the estimation of the effects of the variables, which were obtained from the regression coefficients (coef.) of each individual relationship path following the hypothesis. The results indicated that all C.R. ( t-test) values were statistically significant ( > 1.96). Thus, every hypothesis was supported. Technology directly affects organizational performance (coef. = 0.143, p < 0.05). Technology directly affects innovation (coef. = 0.370, p < 0.001). Technology directly affects research and development (coef. = 0.786, p < 0.001). Research and development directly affects innovation (coef. = 0.624, p < 0.001). Research and development directly affects organizational performance (coef. = 0.449, p < 0.001). Innovation directly affects organizational performance (coef. = 0.372, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Technology, innovation, and research and development truly affect organizational performance. The industrial sector should be more encouraged to participate in technology learning and to step into the manufacturing chain for the development of Thailand’s rail transport system. This would also save foreign currency, create employment opportunities in the country, and have continual economic effects for the national monetary circulation, which would eventually pave the way to the enhancement as well as development of the people’s abilities in the future.

Appropriate Trees along the Elevated Railway in Lamphun City, Thailand

Thailand's Ministry of Transport aims to elevate the Den Chai-Chiang Mai double-track railway at Lamphun's Mueang Nga intersection, impacting the city's physical characteristics. This research focuses on harmonizing the large elevated railway with Lamphun's urban landscape and environment. Analyzing perspectives and considering perennial plant species selection, the study enhances visual aesthetics, shading, dust filtration, and heat reduction. Methodologically, it involves summarizing suitable plant information, simulating images with SketchUp, and analyzing before-and-after perspectives. Findings emphasize trees' positive environmental impact, recommending local species like the Cassia and symbolic species like the Thong Kwao for their adaptability and low maintenance.

Web-Based Application For Parenting Patterns In Vocational Schools In The Environment Of Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong

Digitalization of education is a logical consequence of developments over time, a response to educational services that are experiencing changes in both the learning system and learning culture. Developments in the field of education are closely related to the term innovation. Innovation in the realm of education is an obligation for all educational actors. Moreover, the development of science and technology is growing rapidly. The parenting pattern that has been implemented in most vocational schools within the Ministry of Transportation is still more of a manual system that cannot be connected directly to digitalization. The aim of the process of developing digitalization of parenting patterns is expected to increase efficiency and optimization in many ways, including efficiency and optimization of parenting activities, connectivity between institutions or units involved in parenting, access to data related to parenting patterns, personal data of cadets and caregivers, as well as ease of use. information in accessing rules relating to parenting patterns. The research method used is a mixed type of research. Mixed research is the use of two types of research, namely qualitative and quantitative in one study. The research location is planned to be carried out at a vocational school under the Ministry of Transportation (Poltekpel Sorong). This research then produced an online-based digitalization development desktop software and was then named the see cadet application website. This development and research uses the ADDIE Development Model, namely the analysis stage, design stage, development stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage.

Analisis Kinerja Halte Trans Metro Dewata

Trans Metro Dewata is an Integrated Highway Bus transportation system operating since September 2020 in Bali, which is a program of the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation through the Directorate General of Land Transportation. Until now it has not been much in demand by the people in Bali, one of the causes is inadequate bus stop facilities. The condition and performance of the trans metro dewata bus stop that is used as the object of research are not all in accordance with the Minimum Service Standards (SPM). The level of public satisfaction as users of the Trans Metro Dewata bus stop can be concluded that as many as 59% are dissatisfied with the availability of security officers and security disturbance information, 59% are dissatisfied with the availability of cleaning facilities when using the bus stop, 57% are dissatisfied with the availability of lighting at the bus stop, 45% are quite satisfied with the facilities for going up and down stairs, 57% are not satisfied with the availability of service information and 39% are quite satisfied with the adequacy of time bus stop.

The Development of an Ergonomic-Based Roadmap for Improving Passenger Mobility Onboard Intercity Trains in Indonesia

Today in Indonesia, intercity railway service has become an essential part of human mobility and can carry more than 298 million passengers in 2022. It is a reliable service since it can carry many passengers and is a form of time-efficient mode of transport. More and more people are using this service including disabled passengers. They are using the railway to travel between the cities. The railway industry has changed a lot in recent years. If we look at the 90s and before, traveling by train was almost entirely used by non-disabled people and very few of the passengers are people with disabilities. It has now changed while some disabled passengers used the rail, and it created some issues for the industry. This service for disabled passengers is a part of Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) and the Author found a mismatch between what the disabled passenger wanted and what the industry responded to. This research will try to understand what is happening in the Indonesian railway industry, compare it with the same issue in another country like the United Kingdom (UK), and what or how to get the ideal design and service for intercity onboard service for disabled passengers. This research uses the triangulation ergonomic principle which consists of measurement, observation, and consultation to combine a literature study and interviews with representatives of 4 stakeholders in the Indonesian railway: 1) A regular user of disabled passenger; 2) Executive Director of one of the Indonesian disability passengers Organization; 3) Traffic coordinator of the Directorate General of Railway (DGR) in the Indonesian Ministry of Transport; 4) A Vice President of the Passenger Division from PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)/KAI, an intercity railway operator. This interview is then combined with the data from the literature study then analyzed with several methods like Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to get the ideal coach design, Communication-Persuasion Matrix theory to address the communication gap between the parties and make an ideal roadmap solution with phasing approach.

ELV Policy and Management System in Malaysia: Exploratory Study of Dynamics, Rationale and Opportunity through Digitalised Public Services

A sustainable end-of-life vehicle (ELV) management system requires a well-thought and well-designed process covering strategies, regulations, technologies, and future adaptive systems. Among others is the urgent need for feasible implementation of the integrated vehicle deregistration process, especially to kickstart the process for registered abandoned vehicles (approximately eight million units nationwide in 2018). In line with this aspiration, this study will explore the dynamics, rationale, and opportunity for public services to have a unified digitisation platform. This initiative will integrate networks of public (e.g., Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Ministry of Environment and Water, Local councils, Road and Transportation Department, courts, Royal Malaysian Police), industry (e.g., authorised automotive treatment facilities (AATF), scrapyards) and other related parties. Those entities are critical to developing local ELV management system capacity to address current complex problems and achieve collective goals for the future automotive industry in Malaysia. Based on the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) outputs, literature survey, and relevant proposed frameworks, this study aims to enlighten policymakers on the necessity of having an integrated system in supporting various business, legal and administrative needs of the sustainable ELV Policy in Malaysia.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its role in developing Africa’s economies. Case study: Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), Kenya

The main purpose of this paper is to study the potential economic benefits of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to Africa’s economies with case study of Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project in Kenya. China has become an important factor in African development. Through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is reorganizing the geographical and political space in the Africa, first, by heavily investing in regional connectivity projects, and second, by promoting alternative ideas and concepts of development favourable to a Chinese-centric order in the region. The paper also argues that the BRI is actively shaping a new spatial order in Africa by influencing key stakeholders’ perspectives and preferences. China’s particular visions of global and regional development through the BRI are gaining traction in Africa, making it an indispensable actor with considerable political and economic influence – and thereby challenging the role of traditional development partners in the global south region. China’s engagement with Kenya is a good example of how Beijing approaches economic diplomacy in Africa. Moreover, it’s a revealing case study of how BRI works on the continent. Kenya needs better infrastructure to meet its development needs, and China has been willing to help. The project to upgrade the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is China’s flagship investment project in Kenya. The SGR connects Mombasa, the largest port city in Kenya, to its capital, Nairobi. The Export-Import Bank of China financed 90 percent of the SGR project, while the Kenyan Government contributed the other 10 percent. The China Road and Bridge Corporation led the SGR installation process. This was supposed to signal a contribution to Kenya’s developmental goals and directly spur growth in the construction sector. The Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is a mega project that the Kenyan Government has invested in after freedom from the colonial rule. The SGR created around 30,000 new jobs for locals and, in the first year, transported 5.4 million passengers and 1.3 million twenty-foot equivalent units (known as TEUs) of shipments across Kenya. If this performance had continued African exports would have increased significantly. The chief economist in the State Department of Infrastructure in the Kenyan Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure claimed that the SGR would increase trade and investment and further employment opportunities to enhance the people’s livelihoods in the East African Community. The paper will analyze how the BRI through SGR has enhanced economy and trade for Africa with a case study of Kenya, how the SGR has reduced unemployment, how the SGR has enhanced both the social aspects and environmental conservation in Kenya. This paper will also reveal that the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) and BRI have massive economic value to Africa and beyond and are crucial to development. The study recommends the completion of the remaining SGR phases in Kenya in the projected time frame for the railway industry to play a positive role in national and continental development.