Ministry Of National Defense Research Articles

FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD OPERATIVA DE LAS FF.AA. FRENTE A CATÁSTROFES Y EMERGENCIAS: EL POTENCIAL OLVIDADO DE LA DEFENSA CIVIL

Este artículo plantea que la Defensa Civil, organismo que depende del Ministerio de Defensa Nacional (MDN), podría contribuir al fortalecimiento de la capacidad operativa de las FF.AA. en el ámbito de la gestión del riesgo de desastres, catástrofes y emergencias. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, el organismo carece de financiamiento y no está incluido en la planificación político-estratégica del MDN en lo que concierne la intervención en dichos escenarios, ni en el Plan Nacional de Protección Civil. Se partirá por ilustrar los problemas que afectan a la Defensa Civil en la actualidad, para luego analizar el rol que el sector de la defensa ha ido asumiendo en la intervención en desastres, bajo el alero de tratados internacionales suscritos por Chile. Se concluirá que dotar a la Defensa Civil de un rol de apoyo a la labor desempeñada por las FF.AA. en situaciones de emergencia, desastre o catástrofe sería clave para suplir el vacío dejado por la falta de un brazo operativo a disposición de la Oficina Nacional de Emergencias (ONEMI) del Ministerio del Interior.

Current and Potential Contribution of the Colombian Ministry of Defense to the National River Master Plan and the Accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals through COTECMAR

This article aims to present the current and potential contributions made by the Ministry of National Defense through the Corporation of Science and Technology for the Development of the Naval Maritime and River Industry - COTECMAR - and the National Navy to the River Master Plan and to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Objectives defined in the United Nations Agenda 2030. To this end, the contributions that have been generated so far are explored, such as the case of the river piers, the pilot project for the River Information System (RIS) and the integration of the Small Vessels Committee that is essential for the operation of a future National Port Agency. Likewise, potential solutions that can operate to meet regional needs in health, education, transport, tourism, etc. are highlighted. Finally, the opportunity to integrate the ODS, the development plans and the River Master Plan in the structuring of interregional project portfolios focused on closing social gaps in Colombia is foreseen.

Usprawnienie przepływu informacji w instytucji sektora publicznego

The study concerns the study of the workflow process in the organizational unit of the Ministry of National Defense. The results of analyzes of the management system and workflows between the positions made it possible to formulate an assessment in the scope of: • diagnoses – detection of irregularities and weaknesses in the workflow process that allow modification of procedures, and taking corrective action for detected problems, • defining discrepancies – the awareness of the top management of the area of communication is radically different from the experience of subordinate employees, • shaping – satisfaction with the workflow process depends on the possibility of expressing employees' opinions and taking them into account when developing improvement proposals, • explanation – the sense of information is the result of making employees and management aware that the most useful source of information is the immediate supervisor, • improvement – evaluation of the implementation of solutions that are recommendations of the previous audit and maintaining corrective and preventive measures of disruptions is ensured by an efficient workflow system. In accordance with the principle of continuous improvement, the assessment of the functioning of the work flow in the audited institution has also become a tool enabling the improvement of functioning procedures and processes.

A Study on Informatization Performance Management: A Case of Defense Informatization Policy Evaluation

For the visualization of outcome is relatively limited in informatization filed especially, systematic and quantifiable performance management of IT projects and policies is needed. Thus, the government developed its informatization evaluation system and has reinforced it. And Ministry of National Defense (MND) continues to strive for the settlement of the informatization performance evaluation system as well. According to Defense Informatization Law which was legislated in 2011, informatization policies should be assessed annually through informatization policy evaluation system in terms of their enforcement and outcome. However, informatization policy evaluation has not carried out since its pilot enforcement just after the legislation of the law. Hence, we conducted informatization policy evaluation aimed at performance investigation of 31 policies in ’14～’18 Defense Informatization Master Plan. We sophisticated the current informatization policy system and we provide guidelines and tools to support the development of performance goal and indicators for each of the policies. Then, the policies were assessed by the evaluation committee we organized for our study, and we analyzed the problems we tackled in the whole process of evaluation and provided proposals for effectiveness enhancement of defense informatization evaluation system. The proposals will be meaningful for performance management in defense informatization sector and in public informatization sector as well.

Married Monastics and Military Life: Contradictions and Conflicted Identities within South Korea’s Buddhist Chaplaincy System

Since its modern origins in the Buddhist Purification Movement of the 1950s, South Korea’s Jogye Order has established monastic celibacy as central to its identity and claim to legitimacy as a Buddhist sect. However, in the order’s urgency to introduce Buddhist chaplains to the South Korean military in the 1960s, after almost two decades of Protestant monopoly over the chaplaincy program, the Jogye Order permitted its chaplains to marry; a practice which soon became the norm. This contradiction grew increasingly problematic for the order over subsequent decades and, in 2009, it attempted to resolve the issue by reversing the marriage exception for chaplains, reinforcing their identity as monastics within the order. While controversial, the resolution has proved effective in practice. However, this reversal has also provoked unprecedented lawsuits against South Korea’s Ministry of National Defense in 2017 and a ruling by Korea’s Human Rights Commission in 2018, challenging the Jogye Order’s exclusive control of the military’s Buddhist chaplaincies. Given the challenges these issues currently present to the Jogye Order’s chaplaincy program, this article interrogates the origins, history, significance, and impact of the issues surrounding the order’s marriage exemption for its military chaplains.

Annual Disease Experience by Type and Correlations with Unmet Healthcare Needs among ROK Military Personnel.

IntroductionThe National Statistical Yearbook of Defense 2018 issued by the Republic of Korea (ROK) Ministry of National Defense reported that the number of patients using military hospitals steadily increased from 2008 to 2017. However, in the outpatient clinic statistics for years 2015–2017 from the ROK Armed Forces Medical Command, the amount of medical care received from some medical departments, such as the infection medicine, surgery, and anesthesiology departments, decreased. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the differences in incidence of military personnel’s unmet healthcare needs according to number of diseases by type.Materials and MethodsThe study used data from the Military Health Survey, which was conducted from 2014 to 2015 and included 5162 responses from ROK military personnel. The number of diseases by type and unmet healthcare needs were self-reported. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the validity of the annual disease experience by type and correlations with unmet healthcare needs.ResultsOf the 5162 military personnel, 25.2% experienced unmet healthcare needs, and the more people with the number of disease by type, the more likely they were to experience unmet healthcare needs (1: 13.4%, 2: 22.9%, 3: 29.2%, 4: 34.5%, 5: 41.4%). The logistic regression analysis also revealed significant differences (1 = REF, 2 odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50–2.24; 3 OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.05–3.11, 4 OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.49–3.85; ≥5 OR = 3.85, 95% CI = 3.08–4.81). In addition, subgroup analysis showed that female military personnel are more likely to experience unmet healthcare needs than are male military personnel. We have also confirmed that working areas and private insurance can affect unmet healthcare needs.ConclusionThis study suggests that unmet healthcare needs are influenced by the number of disease by the type of ROK military personnel. It is therefore necessary to strive to reduce the number of military personnel who experience unmet healthcare needs through this data.

Development of Technology-Based Requirement Planning System in Connection with Advanced Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

While the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is pushing for the defense reform that applied the fourth industrial revolution technology, various countermeasure tools were required, including technological obsolescence in areas where the existing system of planning required long-term acquisition. To this end, we will examine the application of the 'technology-based planning process', which is a technology-driven force planning, in order to anticipate development trends of key core technologies and to meet future military demand capability in a timely manner through appropriate allocation of resource and leading development do. In order to apply the technology-based development process, the level of military capability to be secured in the future and the development of advanced technology should be identified first, and procedures should be prepared to identify the optimal key joint power needs suitable for the balanced development of the three armed forces, and to link them to the deployment in a short period of time. First, it identified ‘8 core technologies for future national defense’ that can lead future national defense for the development of high-tech. The next step was to identify the ‘10 key military capabilities’ such as high-power, ultra-precision, stealth and other ‘10 key military capabilities’ by applying the ‘8 core technologies for future defense’ and to examine the application of future core technologies within the long-term period and the feasibility of implementing them as military capabilities to identify the ‘18 core weapons systems’ that can be realised as weapons systems. The following should be preceded by an institutional framework to enable the application of the ‘technology-based required planning system’ to rapidly apply superior technology elements by replacing the existing ‘concept-based demand planning system’. First, a ‘military pilot use system’ that can prove the military practicality of high-tech should be introduced to ensure the military’s test-bed role for proving the superior technology and performance of products by the private sector. Second, ‘Development of Technology Leading Rapid Acquisition System’ is required so that superior products with proven performance can be directly linked to power generation by applying simplified procedures. Third, the application of ‘small sandbox’ that allows application of technology-based demand planning should be considered for a limited time in order to be applied as soon as possible, considering the difficulty of immediate application under the revision of regulations, etc. Fourth, the government should improve its wireless password policy by specifying the criteria for application of wireless codes to address regulatory problems under military security.What should be done in parallel with institutional supplementation is to expand and strengthen future challenge technology development projects. To this end, an environment that tolerates the failure of challenging R&D projects should be created, and a co-prosperity arena should be created where economic growth and military strength will be strengthened through the creation of an ecosystem in the field of defense, in addition to economic growth in the defense sector.

A Study on the Effect of the Use of Reserve Officers on the Military

Korea Ministry of National Defense has directed the state-of-the-art technology Forces troops structures that can respond to security threats in all directions through the Defense Innovation 2.0, which aims to reorganize the personnel and organizations in response to population decline. An implement of effective analysis to maintain combat power is necessary due to possible restrictions on combat power, especially in division of mobilization where reserve manpower is operated frequently. In this study, the normal operations of the reserve officers were investigated, the direct effects of the combat forces of the reserve officers was analyzed using ARENA modeling, and the budget required to operate the innovation and indirect effects of employment of veterans were studied. The result of the simulation proved to be effective in demonstrating unit combat power when the reserve officer was in full-time operations and economic benefits were also significant in terms of efficiency of defense budget management. Keywords: ARENA(ì•„ë ˆë‚˜), Simulation(ì‹œë®¬ë ˆì´ì ˜), Effectiveness of Regular Service(평시 복무효과), Reserve Officer (예비역 간부)

The e Integrated Military Information System of the Ministry of National Defense in the Aviation School Airbase

This article describes the Integrated Military Information System (IMIS), which is being gradually introduced in the Ministry of National Defense. The modern IMIS system is intended to form the foundations of effective management of the Air Force logistics. At present, military units often have to carry out their tasks in a coalition or allied environment and the integrated information system is a key to ensuring a successful outcome of these activities.
 This author also focus on airbase tasks on the example of 42 Aviation School Airbase in Radom. The article also describes the implementation effects of IMIS on enhanced functioning of the airbase logistics in this process.

An Evaluation Framework for Defense Informatization Policy

The well-known sentence, “You can’t manage what you don’t measure” suggests the importance of measurement. The Ministry of National Defense (MND) in Korea is measuring the effort of informatization for various dimensions such as validity, adequacy, and effectiveness using the MND evaluation system to obtain positive and significant effects from informatization. MND views the defense informatization domain as divided into the defense informatization policy, the defense informatization project, and the defense informatization level, which can measure the informatization capability of the MND and the armed forces or organizations. Furthermore, it feels there is some limitation, such as those related to ambiguity and reliability, present in the system. To overcome the limitations in the existing system to evaluate the defense informatization policy, this study proposes a revised evaluation framework for the policy of defense informatization, its indicators, and measurement methods.

Associations between earplug use and hearing loss in ROK military personnel

IntroductionThe easiest way to prevent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is to wear earplugs. The Republic of Korea (ROK) Ministry of National Defense (MND) is supplying earplugs to prevent NIHL, but...

Próba likwidacji statusu „archiwów państwowych wyodrębnionych” w projekcie ustawy – Prawo archiwalne z 1995 r.

An attempt to remove the status of “separated state archives” in the bill on archives 1995 The objective of the article is to present the processing of the Bill on Archives of 1995 by focusing on the removal of the “separated state archive” status (currently “separated archives”), especially in the context of the resistance of the Ministry of the Interior. The conflict was related to an issue that was especially important at the time: the introduction of non-ministry supervision and control over separated archives, especially archives of the department of the interior (including special services), by the General Director for Polish Archives. The study shows the scale and the dynamics of the cross-institutional dispute, which involved the Ministry of Education and the Head Office of State Archives on one side and the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the other. Ultimately, despite attempts at mediation within the Office of the Council of Ministers and the Social and Political Committee of the Council of Ministers, no compromise was reached and the bill was never enacted. The study also identifies the dissents, related in particular to homeland security, between the circles representing national archives and the environment of the separated archives, and presents how they perceived each other.

O bezpieczeństwie RP na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. Było, jest i prawdopodobnie będzie dobrze

The author refers to his reflections from the period 1993–2009. They were included in the studies of the Polish Institute of International Affairs and the institutions of the Ministry of National Defense. He points out that the presented analyzes of the international security in Poland’s vicinity of that time led to the conclusion that the threat of war to Poland in the next 15–20 years is not very similar. Such a conclusion was also included in the penultimate Strategic Defense Review of the 2009–2011 edition of the Ministry of National Defense. The author is of the opinion that the situation of Poland and the political and military conditions mean that aggression against Poland will be tantamount to a conflict on a large scale. Political and military tsunami. A conflict that will involve key actors on the international scene. The author recalls the opinions expressed by Jarosław Kaczyński in 2016.: „(Russia’s) attempt to enter Kiev is definitely a war, and it is a global war. To enter Warsaw is a world war right away”. The study points out that in fact Poland is dominated by a high level of sense of security. Although the perception of the spreading threat from the East dominates the political narrative. Facts are the premises for such an assessment. The adopted program of modernization of the armed forces dates back to 2023. Small amounts of modern weapons are purchased. The implementation of already adopted programs is stretched over time. The amount of old weapons is still significant and will be in use for many years to come. The article indicates that the importance of cyberspace in shaping security and conducting armed struggle is growing. The possibilities of recognizing, using IT tools in targeting and increasing the effectiveness of combat management are dramatically increasing. There are many indications that the ability to recognize targets has gained an advantage over effectors. We are witnessing the development of the ability to act hostile in times of peace, but it is difficult to conclude that this is an indication of an increase in the threat of war.

Development of Evaluation System for Defense Informatization Level

There is a description that you cannot manage what you do not measure. The Korea Ministry of National Defense (MND) is conducting evaluations in various fields to obtain meaningful effects from IT investments, and views that the evaluation of the defense informatization sector is divided into defense informatization policy evaluation and defense informatization project evaluation. The defense informatization level evaluation can measure the informatization level of MND and the armed forces or organizations. Since the evaluation system being studied to measure the level of defense informatization is composed mainly of qualitative metrics, it is necessary to reconstruct it based on quantitative metrics that can guarantee objectivity. In addition, for managing the level of change by evaluation objects, the evaluation system should be designed with a focus on homeostasis of metrics so that it can be measured periodically. Moreover, metrics need to be promoted in terms of performance against targets. To this end, this study proposes to measure the level of defense informatization by dividing it into defense information network, computer systems, interoperability and standardization, information security, information environment, and information system use, and suggests their metrics.

Hypertension and body mass index in a population of 19-year-old men in Poland

Abstract Background Hypertension is a main yet potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. It is the most widespread disease of the 21st century, especially in highly industrialized societies. It is estimated that hypertension affects about 25% of the adult population in the world and reaches a ceiling of 32% and another 30% of the adult population is characterized by pressure values classified as pre-hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension is geographically diverse and closely depends on economic and socio-cultural conditions. The relationship between hypertension and obesity is the subject of many studies that explicitly confirm the occurrence of positive coincidence. Methods The study was observational-retrospective, and included a group of 17 282 men, aged 19, from the southeastern region in Poland. All subjects met the qualifications for compulsory military service in 2017. We analyzed selected data obtained from the records of the Ministry of National Defense. Results Hypertension was found at 0.6%, weak body structure at 0.8% and obesity co-existing with cardiorespiratory insufficiency has been reported 2.6% of respondents. The underweight concerned almost 7%, and the overweight and obesity of 25% of conscripts. The vast majority of people with hypertension were characterized by excessive body weight (74.8%), mainly overweight. Conclusions Hypertension was seen in a negligible percentage of males studied and was significantly associated with an increase in BMI, particularly with regards to being overweight. Excessive body weight significantly more often affected people with a higher degree obesity co-existing with cardiorespiratory insufficiency, affecting of the system and men with hypertension. Excessive body weight was seen in a considerable percentage of males studied and was significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension and obesity co-existing with cardiorespiratory insufficiency, but not affecting of the system. Key messages The assumed observation contribute to the presentation of selected indicators of health status and their relationship with hypertension in a large population of 19-year-old men. Data obtained this way, enrich the state of knowledge about the growing problem of hypertension and they can be a valuable ground for developing educational and preventive programs for Public Health.

Research the Possibilities of Increasing the Effectiveness of the System PATRIOT/PAC 3 Using Modernized Ones High-Maneuverable Air-to-Air Missiles WICHER

The article presents the issue of increasing the capabilities of PATRIOT antiaircraft and anti-missile sets planned for purchase by the Ministry of National Defense under the WISŁA program. The authors of the article proposed the use of offset options offered by the WISŁA program, as well as the cooperation of companies within the WB Electronics group with the Ukrainian armaments industry the producer of missile R-27. The article analyses the possibilities of increasing the potential of the PATRIOT battery through the use of high-manoeuvre missile R-27, which, thanks to Polish-Ukrainian cooperation, could be modified to the extent that they can be fired from the PATRIOT/PAC-3 system launchers. The results of exemplary simulations were presented, the purpose of which was to determine the cost/effect ratio in the context of the operational capabilities of the PATRIOT system equipped with native PAC-3 medium-range missiles and short-range missiles in the form of modified air-air missiles of the R-27 class. The WB Electronics initiative of building anti-aircraft missiles is an opportunity for companies grouped in the WB group and for many companies and scientific institutions that could be involved in the process of rocket technology production and development in Poland. A modern missile system is not only a missile and its control system, but it also includes chemical production technologies (propelling and explosive materials), precision mechanics, advanced communication and fire control systems, flight control and tracking, proximity sensors and igniters, and navigation systems. It is also a necessity to appoint and obtain competences, for example, for servicing them, which is often overlooked when deciding to buy a missile technique.

CHOCO-JEX: A Research Experiment Focused on the Chocó Low-Level Jet over the Far Eastern Pacific and Western Colombia

AbstractThe ChocoJet Experiment (CHOCO-JEX) is an interinstitutional research program developed by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, the General Maritime Directorate of the Ministry of National Defense of Colombia, the Colombian Air Force, and the Desert Research Institute. The main goal of CHOCO-JEX is to characterize the vertical structure of the low-level Chocó jet (ChocoJet) through observations and modeling. Thus, four 7-day intensive observation periods (IOPs) took place during different seasons in 2016, two over land and two over the far eastern Pacific off the coast of Colombia, including the deployment of upper-air soundings four times per day to monitor the predominant diurnal cycle and the synoptic and seasonal variability. Preliminary results show deeper westerly moisture flow and a stronger diurnal cycle over land than over ocean. IOP4 provides the first observational evidence of the southwesterly ChocoJet with mean winds of 5 m s–1. Diurnal cycles of zonal wind are coherent with mountain–valley and sea–land breezes at low levels and the easterly flow is predominant at midlevels. Potential temperature anomalies appear to be related to gravity waves that modulate the diurnal cycle of precipitation in the region.

Is the Modernization Process Becoming a Challenge or a Threat to the Security Policy and the Armed Forces?

In spite of defining the role of various measures of security policy implementation the weight of one has been quite unequivocally assessed for the current policy. The main position for contemporary Poland is to be taken by the armed forces. Under these conditions, the Polish Army has become a basic element of the defense system of Poland not only in terms of image. It is not surprising then that currently the armed forces have received a wide range of tasks regarding security – both internal and external. President Duda and the government of Law and Justice proudly show the 2 percent of GDP spent on defense and an even higher target, at the latest in 2030. However, this does not create a perspective that would allow “hurray” optimism. The key to describing the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland seems to be their ability to respond to the revolution in the field of military and the ability to modernize. Despite the plans of the Ministry of National Defense and declarations given in media, this process faces a number of difficulties. Not only do we create “abstract” visions of needs for the current policy, but we also offend our partners and those that are still our allies. The arms policy, so important from the point of view of this “self-sufficiency”, was brought to the accusations of lobbying, corruption, and fraud; not only do we not pay attention to our own needs, but we also create innovative concepts for the current policy that cause us to wander in dilettantism. It seems that the shape of the implementation of the modernization of the Armed Forces is affected not only by the current policy. To a large extent, the condition of the Polish arms industry is also a decisive factor in the absorption of modernization.

Polska wobec rozwoju polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Unii Europejskiej

Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji stanowiska rządów Polski wobec kolejnych etapów rozwoju europejskiej autonomii strategicznej (Europejska Tożsamości Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony), Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony oraz Wspólna Europejska Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej). Wyodrębnione zostały dwa etapy polskiej Polityki; przed akcesją do UE oraz udział Polski w ESDP/WPBiO, po przystąpieniu do UE. Podczas sprawowania przez Polskę Prezydencji w Radzie, jednym z priorytetów było doskonalenie zdolności wojskowych i systemu reagowania kryzysowego. Scharakteryzowano oficjalne stanowisko władz polskich wobec integracji systemu bezpieczeństwa UE wyrażone w dokumentach strategicznych. Ostatni taki dokument został opublikowany w maju 2017 r. w Ministerstwie Obrony Narodowej. Zwrócono uwagę na sytuacje kryzysowe w problemach dotyczących integracji europejskiej oraz na brak zainteresowania aktualnych władz politycznych Polski udziałem w reformowaniu systemu bezpieczeństwa UE.

Utilization of Work-Family Balance Support Policy and Factors Associated with Retention Intention among Married Female Officers with Preschool Children.

This study aimed to identify utilization of the work-family support policy (WFSP) and factors affecting retention intention among Korean female military officers. This cross-sectional survey recruited 103 married female officers from the Korean Army, Navy, and Air force with preschool-aged children through convenience and snowball sampling. Via online surveys from June to November, 2018, the participants self-reported retention intention, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and utilization of the WFSP. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Retention intention (22.29±5.98) was reported at the mid-level, lower than scores reported in the literature for female workers. Work-family conflict (32.51±5.29) and job satisfaction (63.10±7.45) were above the midpoint levels. Use of maternity leave (100.0%) and parental leave (92.2%) was high, especially compared to the rates of child-care day off (20.4%) and parenting time (20.4%). 'Noticeable increases in childcare services within the army' (22.8%) was reported as the supportive measure needed the most by female military officers. Job satisfaction (β=.43, p≤.001), the use of parenting time (β=-0.29, p=.002), living type (β=-.18, p=.043), and service type (β=-.16, p=.035) significantly influenced retention intention. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the priority areas of importance within the WFSP and suggest that a family-friendly culture can improve female officers' retention intention. Accordingly, policy changes at the Ministry of National Defense improving the system to enhance a family-friendly culture in the military is expected to strengthen the retention intention of female officers and contribute to excellence in the military workforce.