Ministry Of Industry And Information Technology Research Articles

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Innovation: New Evidence from Panel Threshold Model

The digital economy has aroused widespread concern. This paper studies the impact of the digital economy on innovation using a panel threshold model. Taking 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China as the research object, the time span is from 2013 to 2019. The data are from the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC), China National Intellectual Property Administration (CAIPA), the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR), and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)of China. Data analysis is performed with ArcGIS 10.2 and STATA 16 software. The influence mechanism of digital economy on innovation is innovatively analyzed from the aspects of innovation elements, innovation tools, innovation subjects, and innovation environment. A digital economy development level index system is constructed using the entropy method, and the development level of China’s digital economy in time and space is analyzed. On this basis, the nonlinear impact of digital economy on innovation, i.e., the threshold effect, is innovatively studied using the panel threshold model. It is found that China’s digital economy develops rapidly, but there is a serious spatial imbalance, and there are great differences in the different dimensions of the digital economy. At the same time, the impact of digital economy on innovation has a double threshold effect with industrial structure as the threshold variable and a single threshold effect with urbanization level as the threshold variable. Specifically, the promoting effect of digital economy on innovation increases with the optimization of industrial structure or the improvement of urbanization level. This study enriches the theoretical research on the impact of digital economy on innovation, and it has important support and reference value for China’s development of digital economy and improvement of innovation capacity.

Heterogeneity of Decoupling Between Economic Development and Carbon Emissions in China's Green Industrial Parks

AbstractOn the path to carbon neutrality, the journey to net‐zero emissions in the industry is achievable, and the green development of industrial parks is crucial for a smooth transition. We examined a sample of 171 green industrial parks certified by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). Using the Tapio decoupling model, we conducted decoupling analyses at both the national and regional scales of their economic growth and environmental conservation for three consecutive years. Spatial heterogeneity is found in carbon‐economy decoupling states and carbon‐pollutant synergy effects. Industrial parks in the east of China present better carbon‐economy decoupling states and carbon‐pollutant synergy effects than the other regions. The CO2 emissions determinants were explored by using the STIRPAT model. The variable industrial value‐added per capita, which is representative of economic growth, presents a positive and significant effect on emissions; the energy output and the proportion of high‐tech industries present a negative effect. However, after dividing the parks into groups by their leading industries, the influence of the variables started to show a power discrepancy. The heterogeneity analysis of this study can provide a basis for developing diversified strategies for Chinese industrial parks under the net‐zero emission goal.

Digital health interventions for COVID-19 in China: a retrospective analysis

BackgroundThe use of digital health technologies was an integral part to China's early response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Existing literatures have analyzed and discussed implemented digital health innovations from the perspective of technologies, whereas how policy mechanisms contributed to the formulation of the digital health landscape for COVID-19 was overlooked. This study aimsed to examine the contexts and key mechanisms in China’s rapid mobilization of digital health interventions in response to COVID-19, and to document and share lessons learned. MethodsPolicy documents were identified and retrieved from government portals and recognized media outlets. Data on digital health interventions were collected through three consecutive surveys administered between 23 January 2020 and 31 March 2020 by China Academy of Information and Communication Technology (CAICT) affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). Participants were member companies of the Internet Health alliance established by MIIT and the National Health Commission (NHC) in June 2016. Self-report digital interventions focusing on social and economic recovery were excluded. Two hundred and sixty-six unique digital health interventions meeting our criteria were extracted from 175 narratives on digital health interventions submitted by 116 participating companies. Thematic analysis was conducted to describe the scope and priority of policies advocating for the use of digital health technologies and the implementation pattern of digital health interventions. Data limitations precluded an evaluation of the impact of digital health interventions over a longer time frame. ResultsBetween January and March 2020, national policy directives promoting the use of digital technologies for the containment of COVID-19 collectively advocated for use cases in emergency planning and preparedness, public health response, and clinical services. Interventions to strengthen clinical services were mentioned more than the other two themes (n = 15, 62.5%(15/24)). Using digital technologies for public health response was mentioned much less than clinical services (n = 5, 20.8%(5/24)). Emergency planning and preparedness was least mentioned (n = 4, 16.7%(4/24)). Interventions in support of clinical services disproportionately favored healthcare facilities in less resource-constraint settings. Digital health interventions shared the same pattern of distribution. More digital health technologies were implemented in clinical services (n = 103, 38.7%(103/266)) than that in public health response (n = 91, 34.2%(91/266)). Emergency planning and preparedness had the least self-reported digital health interventions (n = 72, 27.1%(72/266)). We further identified case studies under each theme in which the wide use of digital health technologies highlighted contextual factors and key enabling mechanisms. ConclusionsThe contextual factors and key enabling mechanisms through the use of policy instruments to promote digital health interventions for COVID-19 in China include pathway of policy directives influencing the private sector using a decentralized system, the booming digital health landscape before COVID-19, agility of the public sector in introducing regulatory flexibilities and incentives to mobilize the private sector.

Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures

BackgroundA novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply. MethodsWe performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy. FindingsRegardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589·5, 49·3, and 37·5 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2·2 million. InterpretationImplementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy.

Industry-Education Integration Mechanism About Electronic Engineering Talents Training System in Industry-Oriented Local Universities Under the Background of New Subjects

Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT) is an industry-oriented local university which is jointly built by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the Chongqing Municipality. It has been developing the training of talents for the major of electronic engineering for several decades. The strategy of developing electronic information industry in Chongqing has brought new opportunities and challenges for schools to train electronic engineering talents adapted to industrial and regional economic development. Under the background of the new engineering education, in order to actively adapt to the needs of local economic development, improve the quality of talent training, enhance the regional contribution of schools and the influence of the industry. CQUPT has constructed a training system for electronic engineering talents by absorbing the requirements of new subject construction and the concept of Engineering certification, which taking integration of Industrial Education and Scientific Education as the core. In this paper, the fusion mechanism of Industrial Education and Scientific Education in the system is discussed, so as to provide a reference for the construction of new disciplines related to those similar universities.

University-industry-government relations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) universities: The perspective of the mutual information.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) universities are important bases for science and technology research and play a critical role in China’s National Innovation System. Based on the Web of Science (WoS), this article analyzes the statistics of paper published by MIIT universities and universities from across China including MIIT universities. The results are as follows: (1) Both the MIIT universities and universities nationwide in China have increased their international academic publications, and MIIT have shown a greater increase for the past decade. (2) In terms of U-I-G interaction, for UG relations, the Tug value of MIIT universities has remained stable, while that of universities in China has become declined. For UI relations, the Tui value of both MIIT universities and universities in China has shown steady growth. For UIG relations, MIIT universities have a greater synergistic effect of Triple Helix relationship than universities in China. (3) For more details in seven MIIT universities, universities elected into “Project 985”, including HIT, BUAA, BIT and NPU, have published more papers, and been more synergistic with government and industry (UIG relations) than other three universities, including NUAA, NUST and HEU. Based on the empirical results, we discuss our findings, and make certain suggestions regarding policy incentives, reasonable administrative system and U-I-G interaction mode, which is significant not only for Chinese universities but also for universities in other developing countries.

Analysis on current situation of China’s intelligent connected vehicle road test regulations

This paper first elaborated the technological development status of the intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) and sorted out the “intelligent connected vehicle road test management regulations” jointly formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport, and related regulations for major cities in China. The domestic is compare with foreign ICVs road test status and policy. The differences between the national regulation and municipal regulations for the test subjects, test drivers and test vehicles are analysed and enumerated. By comparing the domestic and international road test regulations, it is concluded that the safety is the prerequisite of vehicle road test. It is compulsory to conduct the closed field testing before conducting public road tests.

Analysis of low carbon pilot industrial parks in China: Classification and case study

Abstract Industrial Parks (IPs) have made tremendous contributions to China’s national economic development. However the economic gains often come with increased environmental pollution and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. These problems are compounded by the rapid growth of IPs in China. To promote the low carbon and sustainable development of IPs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) jointly launched the national Low Carbon Industrial Park Pilot Programme (LCIPPP) in 2013. As the largest pilot programme at the IP level in the world, 51 IPs which vary in location, size, and industrial mix were included. Based on the data of 51 pilot IPs, we applied cluster analysis to propose the 3 H (High carbon intensity, High ratio of coal in energy mix, and High proportion of six energy-intensive industries output), 3 L (Low carbon intensity, Low ratio of coal in energy mix, and Low proportion of six energy-intensive industries output) and Mixed IP classifications. Then a representative IP was selected for case study in accordance with the classification. For each case, the achievements and practices, the drivers and success factors, pathways and models in low carbon development were collected and analyzed. Our findings reveal that 3H IPs should focus more on upgrading traditional heavy industry. Meanwhile, technological innovation and enhancing carbon management are determined to be more efficient ways to realize the low carbon development of 3L IPs. As for Mixed IPs, optimizing the energy mix and adopting an “Industry + town” integrated development model will be effective.

Move Up or Move Out?

China is equipping itself with a mid-long-term strategy to sustain its manufacturing sector in the face of potential challenges brought about by “disruptive” technologies. According to most analysts, disruptive technologies such as 3D printing, the Internet of things (IoT), big data, and robotics are going to modify the “shop floor” and re-allocate the functions and roles of firms empowered in the global value chains (GVCs). In China, scholars, state officials, and the entrepreneurial community have profoundly analysed the impact that disruptive technologies can exert on their firms’ role in the global value chains, reaching the conclusion that the country has to frame a policy to hedge that risk. This paper aims to provide an overview of the debate stirred up by the confrontation of the national manufacturing sector with the introduction of new technologies. The debate, which has involved many institutional and economic actors, has influenced the industrial plans recently drawn up by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).

The production and exportation of artemisinin-derived drugs in China: current status and existing challenges.

BackgroundAs the discoverer and a major manufacturer of artemisinin, China has made valuable contributions to malaria control and the global market of artemisinin-derived drugs. This study aims to explore the production and export status of artemisinin-derived drugs in China during 2011 and 2014 to provide a clear understanding of China’s participation in this field and also to provide guidance for its future role on global malaria control.MethodsProduction and exportation data were obtained from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) database of the People’s Republic China and monthly reports of the General Administration of Customs of China, respectively. The production volume, export volume, export value, and export area of artemisinin and its derivatives (artemether, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin), including both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and finished pharmaceutical products (FPPs), were descripted and analysed by Microsoft Excel.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2013, the total production volume of artemisinin-derived APIs and FPPs reached 543.41 metric tons (MT) and 14.79 MT, respectively. The total export value and volume of artemisinin-derived APIs during 2012 and 2014 was US$ 211.39 million and 338.53 MT; the total export value and volume of FPPs was US$ 227.17 million and 4401.44 MT. Compared with the sharply decreasing trend of API exports each year, the export value of FPPs kept at a more stable level, with 14.66 % increase in 2013 and 5.31 % decrease in 2014. As for exportation areas, India was the largest purchaser of APIs, accounting for nearly a half of the total amount, while FPPs mainly exported to African countries.ConclusionsExports of artemisinin derivatives for China have been transforming from API-dominated to FPP-dominated. However, the exportation of artemisinin-derived drugs in China still face the challenges of small market share in the global FPP market and indirect sale of FPPs through a third country due to the deficiency in obtaining relevant certification into global market.

Support for vehicle-to-everything services based on LTE

Vehicular applications and communications technologies are often referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which is classified into four different types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle- to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) [1]. V2X related research projects, field tests, and regulatory work have been promoted in different countries and regions. In May 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China explained national strategies, Made in China about intelligent connected vehicles. In 2020 and 2025, the overall technology and key technologies for intelligent driver assistance and automatic driving will be available in China, respectively [2]. V2X solutions are the critical technologies to support the realization of such visions. Although IEEE 802.11p has been selected as the technology for V2X communications in some countries such as the United States and in Europe, the intrinsic characteristics of IEEE 802.11p have confined the technology to support low latency with high reliability [3, 4]. Standardization of Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based V2X is being actively conducted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide the solution for V2X communications that benefit from the global deployment and fast commercialization of LTE systems. Because of the wide deployment of LTE networks, V2I and V2N services can be provided with high data rate, comprehensive quality of service (QoS) support, ubiquitous coverage, and high penetration rate [5]. Meanwhile, LTE can be extended to support V2V direct communications based on device-to-device (D2D) sidelink design to satisfy the QoS requirements, such as low latency, high reliability, and high speed in the case of high vehicle density [6].

Becoming a Cyber Power

On 21 January 2015, Internet users in China who were trying to access blocked websites and smartphone apps encountered difficulties connecting to virtual private networks (VPNs), a popular circumvention tool for bypassing censorship in a country where government control of online space has been notorious. Astrill, StrongVPN and Golden Frog, three major providers of commercial VPN services that reported service disruptions, all blamed the interference on the Chinese cyberspace authorities. The attack, they claimed, was carried out with a level of sophistication unseen before. (1)Having the world's largest online population with more than 600 million Internet users, China has also been known for its highly restrictive Internet control, which forms an integral part of the government's extensive oversight of information flow, ranging from media to culture. A recent Freedom House report detailed the government's sophisticated techniques to impose information control, including strategic control over key information nodes, censorship outsourcing, stronger Party leadership, ideological re-emphasis, and a crackdown on social media.(2)But so far, the Chinese authorities have kept their hands off the use of VPNs, which leaves a small window for China's Internet users - from ordinary surfers to privileged elites - to enjoy an unfettered Internet for entertainment and professional uses. The clampdown on VPNs hence suggests the government's new thinking with respect to circumvention around the censors, or what is known as the Great Firewall (fanghuoqiang ???). What explains the change? And why such timing? State media later said that the VPN block was due to an upgrade of the Great Firewall,(3)and senior state officials, for the first time, even acknowledged responsibility. According to Wen Ku, director of telecom development at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the VPN block was intended to ensure the healthy and lawful development of the Internet. (4) Although VPN providers managed to recover their services by reconfiguring their settings to outwit the Great Firewall, it appeared that Chinese cyberspace authorities are serious and open about clamping down on circumvention tools, and that they are refining their technology to shut off China's Internet and turn it into an Intranet if necessary. The block also appeared as the latest episode in a series of cyber-policing measures over the past few months, including the blocking of Google and Gmail and deliberate attacks on foreign sites such as Microsoft, Yahoo, and Apple. While these measures reflect the continuation of China's long-standing policy to increase oversight on the Internet, they further suggest that the authorities are taking steps to control segments in cyberspace that cannot be readily monitored - channels that were once allowed to leave an open door for Internet users to access information from foreign sources.This article begins by discussing possible reasons behind the VPN block and linking it to the institutional expansion of the cyberspace authorities, which has resulted in a series of measures to tighten up cybersecurity. It argues that these measures reflect two main strategies: content control and technological self-sufficiency. These two strategies are key building blocks in China's conception of cybersecurity, a notion defined by Chinese officials as technologies and processes designed to protect against Internet-based threats to a wide range of domains, including political and ideological integrity, data, technology, applications, businesses, and communication channels.(5)These strategies are not only aimed at maintaining regime survival and protecting national security, but are also intended to nurture the domestic economy - particularly the technology industry. The increasingly restrictive Internet policies suggest that China is keen to pursue cybersecurity as a national priority, and is doing so regardless of the serious consequences it might entail. …

Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis

Three network convergence, namely, the integration of telecommunications, broadcasting and Internet networks, is a state policy of China for promoting network convergence. Past studies undertaken on the development of Chinese information and communications technology industry adopt different approaches like bargaining, and input–output perspectives. This paper, instead, analyses the implementation of the convergence project from a new institutional perspective. It argues that that the two ministries for the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors, namely, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and State Administration of Radio, Films and Television (SARFT) had inertia to attain mutual penetration of networks. It also argues that the ideological disparities of MIIT and SARFT cause them to respond differently to the convergence project. In order to attain the policy goal, the Central Government had to impose a reform schedule from the top and take initiatives at local level to accelerate the policy implementation. It also argues that SARFT and MIIT had developed different patterns of collaboration at local level due to institutional and competitive pressures as well as political pressure from the Central Government.

P9 - Dermatite atopique et allergie alimentaire à l’œuf : protocole de réintroduction en vue d’une acquisition de tolérance

A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply.We performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy.Regardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589·5, 49·3, and 37·5 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2·2 million.Implementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy.